Objective To prepare proanthocyanidins/bletilla striata polysaccharide/chitosan microspheres ( PC/BSP/CTS ) and the physic-chemical characterizations were investigated.Methods The PC/BSP/CTS microspheres were prepared by spray drying method.The morphology of PC/BSP/CTS microspheres was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), and its physic-chemical characteristics such as diameters, release in vitro, moisture content, swelling ratio, solid density were studied.ResuIts The PC/BSP/CTS microspheres were successfully prepared by spray drying method, SEM showed that PC/BSP/CTS microspheres had the spherical shape with smooth surfaces.The diameters of microsphere A, B and C were 10~20, 2~15, 10~25μm.The in-vitro release showed that the cumulative release of three kinds of microspheres A, B, C was 25.07 %, 38.83 %and 60.00 % in 24 h, which had no burst release, while with time prolonged to 48 h, the cumulative release was 28.89%, 43.17% and 72.86%, respectively.The results of moisture content, swelling ratio, solid density were 15.35% ~23.51%, 46.50% ~105.80%, 0.375 ~0.496. ConcIusion The PC/BSP/CTS microspheres are successfully prepared by spray drying method which possess good characteristics and sustained-release effect, which would be as a good pulmonary drug delivery system.

Objective To translate the English version of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis Severity Instrument ( IADS ) into Chinese and to test its reliability and validity. Methods The IADS was introduced and localized with the permission by the author. A total of 60 patients who had IAD in the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from June to August 2012 were investigated. The internal consistency reliability, inter-rater reliability and content validity were used to evaluate the scale. Results The reliability and validity of IAD severity scale showed that Cronbach′α coefficient was 0.72;inter- rater correlation coefficient was 0.82, P<0.01;content validity ratio was 0.91. Conclusions The Chinese version of IADS was proved to be reliable and valid. It can be used to identify IAD and its severity and provide the basis for clinical intervention and dynamic assessment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between the expression of VEGF and the lymph node metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.MethodsVEGF was detected by immunohistochemistry in 24 cases of colorectal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis and 16 case of colorectal carcinoma without lymph node metastasis.CD34 was used as a marker to evaluate the MVD.All the data were analyzed using 10.1 statistical package.The comparison was performed by x2 test and Spearman rank correlation analysis.The level of significance is α =0.05.Resultsin the 40 cases of colorectal carcinoma,24 cases encountered lymph node metastasis with an MVD (40.65 ± 11.80) and 21 cases were VEGF positive (87.5％).In the 16 cases without metastasis,the MVD was (25.02 ± 11.52) and 4 cases were VEGF positive (25.0％).MVD and VEGF were significantly different between thecases with lymph node metastasis and those without (t =-4.138,x2 =16.00,P ＜0.01 ).In the 40 cases,there were 25 cases with positive VEGF with an MVD (41.33 ± 11.61 ) and 15 cases with negative VEGF with and MVD (22.84 ±8.88).The difference between the cases with positive VEGF and those with negative VEGF (t =5.301,P ＜0.05 ).VEGF level was positive correlated with MVD in the colon cancer ( rs =0.539,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion VEGF may play a role in promoting the lymph node metastasis of colorectal carcinoma

Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of breakthrough varicella-zoster virus infection during the varicella outbreaks in Minhang District of Shanghai in 2013-2014. Methods Samples of the varicella-zoster liquid were collected from patients with chickenpox in Minhang District in 2013-2014 and used for the extraction of genomic DNA. The open reading frame ( ORF) of 22 and 62 regions were se-quenced and further analyzed by using bioinformatics methods. Results A total of 24 samples were success-fully collected and sequenced, and all of them were wild strains. Among the 24 varicella-zoster virus strains, 23 strains were highly homologous to the parental strain ( P-Oka) and the vaccine strain ( V-Oka) , indica-ting that they belonged to J genotype. Only one strain, whose genotype was between M and E, was highly ho-mologous to the mosaic( M) CA123 strain ( M1 genotype) , indicating that it might belong to M1 genotype. Conclusion The epidemic strains of varicella-zoster virus in Minhang District were mainly J genotype. Lo-cal epidemic of M and other genotypes of varicella-zoster virus also existed. There were some gene variations in different strains of J genotype. These varicella-zoster virus strains of non-vaccine genotypes might be one of the reasons causing the breakthrough cases of chicken pox.

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal poly-saccharide vaccine on the clinical symptoms and the incidence of respiratory tract infections in the elderly over 60 years old in Minhang District, Shanghai. Methods A prospective cohort study was conduct, in which the sample size was 1 200 for both inoculated and uninoculated groups. This study followed the two groups of subjects every quarter for a year. Clinical symptoms and the incidence of respiratory tract infectious diseases as well as the acute onset of chronic respiratory diseases were compared between the subjects of the two groups. Results Compared with the uninoculated group, less people in the inoculated group developed the clinical symptoms of respiratory tract infection (RR=0. 894, 95% CI: 0. 804-0. 994). Immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine protected 57. 7% of the senior citizens (≥75 years old) from respiratory tract infections(95% CI:0. 207-0. 775). Conclusion The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine can effectively reduce the incidence of respiratory tract infections in the elderly aged 60 years old and over and protects the elderly aged 75 years old and over from respiratory tract infections. Further studies on the immunological efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine should be carried out by measuring the antibody titers before and after vaccination.

Objective To measure the titers of varicella live attenuated vaccines ( VarV) during the process of transportation and storage in different seasons and communities of Minhang Distract, Shang-hai, to evaluate the operation of cold chain system and the thermal stability of vaccines and to provide refer-ences for the management, introduction, research and development of vaccine in future.Methods Four communities with high outbreak rates of varicella during 2012 to 2013 and four communities with low out-break rates were randomly selected from 13 communities in Minhang District, Shanghai.The titers of VarVs were detected by using the quantitative plaque assay before and after 30 days of storage in November 2013 and February, May, August 2014.Results The overall rate of qualified VarVs was 90.63% with a geo-metric mean titer (GMT) of 3.67 (LgPFU/0.5 ml).96.88%of the VarVs produced by company C met the quality standard with a GMT of 3.89 ( LgPFU/0.5 ml) followed by those produced by company B with a rate of 91.67%and a GMT of 3.75 ( LgPFU/0.5 ml) .The rate of qualified VarVs produced by company A was the lowest, which was 80.00%, with GMT of 3.29 (LgPFU/0.5 ml).There were significant differences in the rates of qualified VarV among the three companies (χ2=8.288, P=0.016).The rate of qualified vac-cines in communities close to the Shanghai Minhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( Minhang CDC) was 91.67%, while 100%of the vaccine samples collected form the communities at a middling dis-tance from or far from the Minhang CDC met the quality standard.No significant difference in the rate of qualified vaccine was found among the three types of communities (χ2=3.441, P=0.179).The quarterly rates of qualified vaccines produced by B and C companies were 100%except for the third quarter.The rates of qualified vaccines produced by A, B and C companies in the third quarter were respectively 70.00%, 66.67%and 87.50%.No statistical differences in the quarterly rates of qualified vaccines were found among the three companies (χ2=1.25, P=0.7412;χ2=6.545, P=0.088; χ2=6.194, P=0.103).No statistical differences in the rates of qualified vaccines before and after 30 days of storage were found among the three companies (χ2=0.625, P=0.347;χ2=0.000, P=1.000;χ2=2.065, P=0.492).Conclusion A well-managed and-operated cold chain system was implemented in Minhang District in the storage and transport of vaccines as well as other related links.The thermal stability of vaccines produced by company C was better than those of the other two companies.A surveillance for the titers of vaccines produced by com-pany A should be strengthened.

Objective To preliminarily investigate the association of TRIM29 with HBV replication and the antiviral effect of pegylated interferon α-2b(PEG-IFN-α-2b),since TRIM29 protein is involved in the development and progression of a variety of diseases and is closely associated with the replication of some DNA and RNA viruses.Methods A total of 64 chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients who attended the outpatient service of Department of Infectious Diseases,The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University,from October 2021 to June 2022 were enrolled,among whom there were 34 treatment-na?ve patients and 30 patients treated with PEG-IFN-α-2b,and 30 healthy volunteers in Physical Examination Center were enrolled as controls.Related data were collected,including age,sex,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,HBV DNA,and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs).HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells were used as cell models and were transfected with TRIM29-specific overexpressed plasmid or siRNA and control plasmid.HepG2 cells and Huh7 cells were treated with PEG-IFN-α-2b(0,10,100,1 000,and 10 000 U/mL),and HepG2.2.15 cells were treated with TRIM29-specific siRNA or negative control combined with PEG-IFN-α-2b.ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of HBsAg and HBeAg;qRT-PCR was used to measure the relative expression levels of TRIM29 and HBV RNA;Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of STING,p-TBK1,TBK1,pIRF3,IRF3,MX1,and IFIT1;co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to observe the interaction between TRIM29 and STING protein.The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups,and a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups,with the least significant difference t-test for further comparison between two groups;the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups.Results The CHB patients had a significantly higher expression level of TRIM29 in peripheral blood than the healthy controls(P<0.001).In cell experiments,the expression levels of HBsAg,HBeAg,and HBV RNA increased with the upregulation of TRIM29 expression and decreased with downregulation of TRIM29 expression(P<0.05).TRIM29 bound to STING and degraded STING via protease,and compared with the control group,there were no significant changes in the total protein levels of TBK1 and IRF3 after overexpression of TRIM29,while there were significant reductions in the expression levels of STING,p-TBK1,and p-IRF3(P<0.05).The protein and mRNA expression levels of TRIM29 decreased with the increase in the concentration of PEG-IFN-α-2b for the treatment of HepG2 and Huh7 cells(P<0.01).During the treatment with PEG-IFN-α-2b,the CHB patients had a gradual reduction in the mRNA expression level of TRIM29,and there was a significant difference between the early response group and the non-response group(P<0.05).In the context of treatment with an equal volume of PEG-IFN-α-2b,compared with the control group,there were significant increases in the protein expression levels of Mx1 and IFIT1 in HepG2.2.15 cells after TRIM29 knockdown(P<0.05).There was a gradual reduction in the expression of TRIM29 in CHB patients during the early stage of PEG-IFN-α-2b treatment.Conclusion TRIM29 targets and degrades STING and promotes HBV replication by inhibiting the STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway.TRIM29 interferes with the antiviral effect of PEG-IFN-α-2b,and the expression level of TRIM29 in PBMCs of CHB patients may be used as an indicator for predicting the response of patients to PEG-IFN-α-2b therapy.

Objective: To observe the effects of blueberry and nuclear expression of transcription factor-кb (NF-кb) p65 in an experimental rat model of liver fibrosis. Methods: Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into isotonic saline control group (A); model group (B); blueberry juice prevention group (C, 15 g/kg); dan-shao-hua-xian capsule prevention group (D, 1 g/kg); and blueberry juice + dan-shao-hua-xian capsule prevention group (E). Rat liver fibrosis model was established by covalent compound carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). Each prevention group was given the corresponding dose of blueberry juice or (and) dan-shao-hua-xian capsule, and the rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks. The degree of liver fibrosis was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin stain. A liver tissue of NF-κBp65 was detected by immunohistochemical method. The NF-κBp65 protein expression of liver tissue and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 was detected by Western blot. Data of multiple groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance, and rank sum test. Results: Immunohistochemistry detected that TGFβ1 protein was mainly expressed in mesenchymal origin of hepatic stellate cells. The expression level of group A (3.75 ± 1.67) was low, while those of group B (9.00 ± 2.07), C (7.33 ± 1.00), D (6.00 ± 1.51), and E (3.5 ± 1.41) were high. However, the expression level of TGF-β1 protein in hepatic tissues of group B was significantly higher than that of group C, D and E [group E: 3.5 ± 1.41, F = 18.350, P < 0.05]. In addition, group D was higher than group E (P < 0.05). The expression of NF- kappa Bp65 protein was very complex, and the expression patterns in different groups were different (Statistical calculation of experimental data were based on expression of liver cells). Compared with group B (4.37 ± 2.13), the relative expression levels of NF-κBp65 protein in-group A (0.46 ± 0.25), group C (2.76 ± 1.01), group D (2.13 ± 1.51), group E (1.88 ± 0.99) were significantly decreased (F = 27.490, P < 0.05), and the expression trend was consistent with TGFβ1 protein. Western blot detected NF-κBp65 protein in liver tissues of rats. Compared with group A, levels in groups B, C, D and E were significantly increased (F = 96.983, P < 0.05), and groups C, D and E were significantly lower. The E group was significantly lower than the C group (F = 96.983, P < 0.05), and the degree of hepatic fibrosis was lower in each prevention group than in the B group (T = 24.1, P < 0.05). Conclusion Blueberries have preventive effect on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, and its preventive mechanism may inhibit the expression and activation of NF-κBp65 in hepatocytes, thereby reducing TGFβ1- mediated production or activation.

Objective:To study the curative effect of rehmannia glutinosa leaves total glycoside capsules and the role of mitochondrial autophagy on nucleos(t)ide drug-induced renal injury.Methods:Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) was used to construct a hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mouse model for renal injury. Renal function was measured in each group at one and two weeks of modeling. Mitochondrial autophagy indicators were measured at two weeks of modeling in renal tissue. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect mitochondrial autophagy phenomena in renal tissue. The model was established for two weeks. Mouse with renal injury were treated with rehmannia glutinosa leaves total glycoside capsules or isotonic saline for eight weeks by intragastric administration. Renal function was measured. Renal tissue morphology was observed. Mitochondrial autophagy indicators were detected in renal tissue. The protective effect of different concentrations of verbascoside (the main active ingredient of rehmannia glutinosa capsule) was observed on HK-2 cell damage induced by ADV. HK-2 cells were divided into control, ADV, and ADV plus verbascoside groups. The effects of verbascoside at different times and concentrations were observed on the HK-2 mitochondrial autophagy indicators. Fifty patients with chronic hepatitis B were collected who presented with renal injury after treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs. The random number method was used to divide 29 cases into a control group that received conventional treatment. The treatment group of 21 cases was treated with rehmannia glutinosa leaves total glycoside capsules on the basis of the control group. Serum creatinine (Scr) and urinary protein were detected at eight weeks.The χ2 test or t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Compared with the control group, two weeks of modeling in the ADV group induced renal function injury in HBV mice. The expression of autophagy indicators was higher in the renal tissue of the ADV group than that of the control group. Transmission electron microscopy had revealed mitochondrial autophagy in the renal tissue of the ADV group. Compared with the control group, the renal function of HBV mice treated with rehmannia glutinosa leaves total glycoside capsules improved for two months, and the expressions of autophagy indicators were down-regulated.Verbascoside promoted proliferation in ADV-damaged HK-2 cells, and the expression of autophagy indicators was down-regulated compared with the ADV alone group. In 50 patients with renal function injury, the urinary protein improvement was significantly superior in the treatment group than that in the control group, with eighteen and three cases being effective and ineffective in the treatment group and 12 and 17 cases being effective and ineffective in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2 ?=?9.975 0, P ?=?0.001 6). Serum creatinine was decreased in the treatment group compared with the control group, with 11 and 10 cases being effective and ineffective in the treatment group and 12 and 17 cases being effective and ineffective in the control group, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2 ?= 0.593 5, P ?=?0.441 1). Conclusion:Rehmannia glutinosa leaves total glycoside capsule can improve the nucleos(t)ide drug-induced renal function injury in chronic hepatitis B, possibly playing a role via inhibiting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy.

OBJECTIVESTo survey on the vaccination of varicella live attenuated vaccine among 4-17 children in Minhang District, and analyze the protective effect against varicella.

METHODSWe collected outbreak chickenpox cases reported from infectious disease report system and surveillance units in Minhang district from 1st May in 2012 to 30th Apr in 2013. The 1: 3 matched case-control study was conducted to questionnaire the legal guardian of the cases and control group, and calculate the protective effect and effective term of protection. The survey included vaccination, chickenpox exposure history, previous history of varicella illness, suffering from the symptoms of chickenpox, the vaccinations brand, etc. The criteria of accepted case were those healthy students who were in the same class with those chickenpox cases. The accepted matched controlling data were those children who were from the same class with outbreak chickenpox cases without varicelliform eruption, similar live condition, the closest house, the same gender, the closest age. This study investigated 390 cases of patients and the control group included 1 170 cases. Chi-square test was used to compare the vaccination of cases and controls, as well as the incidence of chickenpox vaccination different brands VarV, Mantel-Haenzel chi-square test was applied to compare the protective effect of the two groups.

RESULTSVarV overall vaccination rate was 68.3% (1 065/1 560), among them, the case group coverage was 45.1% (176/390), significantly lower than the control group (76.0% (889/1 170)) (χ² = 128.55, P < 0.01). The coverage in children of 4-10 years old group was 88.4% (375/424), significantly higher than the 11-17 years old group (60.7% (690/1 136)) (χ² = 109.40, P < 0.01). The overall protective effect of VarV was 78.10% (71.82%-82.98%).Vaccinated group incidence ratio was 16.5% (176/1 065), significantly lower than the unvaccinated group (43.2% (214/495)) (χ² = 128.55, P < 0.01). The chickenpox risk of the children who were vaccinated was lower than those who were not, and the OR (95%CI) was 0.22(0.17-0.28) . Proportion of the fever and the typical symptoms of varicella zoster were 26.1% (46/176), 8.0% (14/176) in the children vaccinated VarV, significantly lower than children without VarV vaccination history (54.7% (117/214) , 18.2% (39/214) ) (χ² values were 32.33 and 8.67, respectively. P values both <0.01). The varicella incidence was 17.4% (139/797) in children vaccinated domestic VarV, and it was 13.8% (37/268) in the group of imported VarV (χ² = 1.92, P = 0.184) . The average duration of effective protection period for domestic and imported VarV was (6.2 ± 2.7), (6.3 ± 3.4) years (F = 2.24, P = 0.136).

CONCLUSIONSThe risk of varicella incidence and the proportion of fever or typical varicella zoster were lower in the one dose of VarV vaccinated; Effective protective effect was consistent in the children with domestic or imported VarV vaccination.

Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Chickenpox ; Chickenpox Vaccine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Disease Outbreaks ; Fever ; Humans ; Immunity, Active ; Incidence ; Risk ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Outcome ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Attenuated