BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that bone loss can lead to a series of diseases, such as osteoporotic fractures, thus seeking to increase bone mass has become a goal of the majority of researchers.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current studies of improving bone mass by using stem cel transplantation, hoping to the extensive application of stem cel transplantation in the clinical treatment of osteoporosis as early as possible.
METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI was performed by the first author to retrieve articles relevant to stem cel therapy for osteoporosis published from January 1997 to October 2014. The keywords were“to improve bone mass, regenerative medicine, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation, stem cel therapy”in Chinese and English, respectively, which appeared in the title, abstract or keywords. Articles published recently or in authoritative journals were preferred, and final y 28 articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s which are isolated and cultured easily can proliferate rapidly and have multi-lineage differentiation potential. Studies have shown that the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s can real y improve bone mass, and obtain more achievements in the treatment of orthopedic disorders. This new cel therapy can help to accelerate bone healing and reduce treatment time, offering a new therapeutic choice for orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, oral and maxil ofacial surgery, and therefore, it has broad application prospects.

Objective To compare the curative effect and biomechanical performance of cannulated compression screw (CCS) and dynamic hip screw-blade (DHS-B) in the treatment of patients with femoral neck fracture.Methods Between February 2010 and February 2014,102 patients with femoral neck fracture were treated with CCS or DHS-B at our department.They were 54 males and 48 females,aged from 15 to 86 years.There were 30 subcapital fractures,51 transcervical ones and 21 base ones.CCS was used in 60 patients and DHS-B in 42.In-hospital data were collected retrospectively to compare the curative effects in 2 groups.Furthermore,femoral neck fracture models were established using 12 adult cadaveric femoral specimens.The 12 models were randomized into 2 equal groups (n =6).Group A was subjected to fixation by 3 CCSs and group B to fixation by DHS-B.The 2 groups were compared in terms of axial loading test,rotation test and destructive axial loading test.Results The operation time (59.4 ± 20.2 min),incision size (4.1 ±0.6 cm) and intraoperative blood loss (25.9 ±9.9 mL) in the CCS group were significantly less than those in the DHS-B group (88.6±22.9 min,12.1 ±1.2cmand 156.7±107.1 mL) (P ＜0.05).The Harris hip score for the DHS-B group (91.9±9.8) was significantly higher than that for the CCS group (87.2 ± 9.2) (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in hospital stay,partial weight-bearing time,or postoperative complications (P ＞ 0.05).At 500 N vertical loading,the stress values at both medial and lateral sides of the femur in group A were significantly smaller than those in group B (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between groups A and B in the average sinking displacement of femoral head or the torque at a torsion angle of 6° (P ＞ 0.05).The maximum load in group A (2,135 ±120 N) was significantly smaller than that in group B (2,986 ± 98 N) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In treatment of femoral neck fracture,DHS-B fixation is obviously superior to CCS fixation,because the former is in better agreement with the femoral biomechanical property,and performs better in anti-rotation and anti-compression,leading to better functional recovery of the affected hip.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of TiRobot-assisted minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation for pelvic fractures.Methods:The clinical data of 44 patients with pelvic fracture were retrospectively analyzed who had undergone TiRobot-assisted minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation from May 2018 to April 2021 at Department of Orthopedic Traumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University. There were 30 males and 14 females, aged from 11 to 78 years (average, 40.6 years). According to the Tile classification, there were 20 type C1 fractures, 23 type C2 fractures and one type C3 fracture. The time from injury to operation averaged 8.2 days (from 1 to 41 days). The minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation was assisted by the orthopaedic TiRobot in all patients. Operation time, fluoroscopy time, reduction quality, complications and functional recovery at the final follow-up were recorded and analyzed.Results:A total of 96 screws were implanted in this cohort. The total fluoroscopy time ranged from 17 to 66 s, with an average of 17.8 s for each single screw. The operation time ranged from 50 to 355 min, averaging 179.7 min. According to the Matta criteria, the reduction quality was rated as excellent in 36 cases, as good in 5 and as fair in 3, yielding an excellent and good rate of 93.2%(41/44). All the 44 patients were followed up for 6 to 42 months (average, 20.4 months). The fracture healing time ranged from 2 to 6 months, averaging 3.3 months. The Majeed scores at the final follow-up ranged from 51 to 100 points (average, 83.7 points); there were 28 excellent, 8 good, 7 fair and one poor cases, giving an excellent to good rate of 81.8% (36/44). Follow-up found no such complications as iatrogenic neurovascular injury, incision infection, malunion, implant loosening or fracture re-displacement in all the 44 patients.Conclusion:TiRobot-assisted minimally invasive internal fixation can result in fine clinical efficacy for pelvic fractures, showing advantages of accuracy, minimal invasion and safety.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of robot-assisted minimally invasive sacroiliac screw fixation combined with LC-II external fixation in the treatment of pelvic fracture.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 28 cases with pelvic fractures treated with robot-assisted minimally invasive sacroiliac screw fixation combined with LC-II external fixation from May 2018 to November 2022. There were 19 males and 9 females, with an average age of 43.4±16.9 years (range, 14-74 years). There was 1 case of B1 type, 1 case of B2 type, 4 cases of B3 type, 10 cases of C1 type, 9 cases of C2 type and 3 cases of C3 type by Tile classification. All the cases were treated with closed reduction, LC-II external fixation for the anterior lesions and robot-assisted minimally invasive sacroiliac screw fixation for the posterior lesions. The operation time, fluoroscopy time and excellent rate of screw placement were recorded. The quality of fracture reduction was evaluated by Matta's criteria, and the clinical effect was evaluated by Majeed score.Results:All the 28 cases successfully underwent the surgery. In 11 cases the fractures were reduced by the pelvic unlocking closed reduction device while in the other 17 cases manual reduction was applied. In this cohort, 43 screws were implanted. All the screw positions reached level I by Gras grading. The average fluoroscopy time was 16.3±5.2 s (range, 9-31 s) per screw. The average operation time was 154.9±54.7 min (range, 55-226 min). According to the Matta's criteria, the reduction was rated as excellent in 19 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 2 cases, yielding an excellent or good rate of 93% (26/28). No iatrogenic neurovascular injury was found in all the 28 patients. The average follow-up was 18.3±7.3 months (range, 4-31 months). The fractures healed at 3.6±1.1 months (range, 2-6 months) after the surgeries. At the final follow-up, the results of the Majeed scores were rated as excellent in 13 cases, good in 11 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 1 case, with an excellent or good rate of 86% (24/28).Conclusion:The technique of robot-assisted minimally invasive sacroiliac screw fixation combined with LC-II external fixation used in the treatment of pelvic fracture showed good clinical results.