One year survey on the concentrations and monthly or seasonal variations of airborne microbe in Guangzhou city were analysed and studied with JWL-IIB airborne microbial sampler. The results showed that the yearly average airborne microbe content of outdoor was 2, 298 cfu/m3, and that of indoor was 1,792 cfu/m3 in Guangzhou city. The monthly variation range of outdoor airborne microbe was from 1,073 to 4,096 cfu/m3, the highest content was 4,096 cfu/m3 in March, and the lowest content was 1,073 cfu/m3 in October. The outdoor airborne bacteria and fungi counts were the highest in spring, next in summer, lower in winter and the lowest in autumn in the four seasons . The yearly average concentrations of outdoor airborne microbe at the Garbage compression station, the business walk street, the key traffic route, the residential area, the industrial district and the garden were 4, 573, 3, 835, 1, 580, 1,413, 1, 197 and 1, 187 cfu/m3respectively; and Ones of indoor at the key traffic route, the tourist three star-route hotel and the subway station were 2,511, 1,699and 1,167 cfu/m3 respectively . The study on airborne microbe can be used for the research of health prevention and environment control measures in Guangzhou .

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the abnormal state of liver function and plasma lipid levels of obese schoolchildren who were screened by weight-for-height criterion and new body mass index criterion respectively.

METHODS280 obese children were screened by weight-for-height criterion and 125 obese children were screened by body mass index criterion in a routine school check-up program. All of the latter subjects was included in the former one. One obese child and 1 non-obese child were matched for gender and age. 14 items related to liver functions and plasma lipids were measured.

RESULTSOf the abnormal items,7 items in 125 obese children screened by new BMI criterion and 5 items in 155 "obese children" excluded by BMI criterion, were significantly higher than those children among controlled group. The abnormal rates were 10.4%-22.9% in the former and 3.2%-13.0% in the latter.

CONCLUSIONSThe new BMI criterion seemed to be more stringent than weight-for-height. Less than a half of the obese children screened by weight-for-height were taken on obese children by new BMI criterion. The overweight children who were screened by BMI criterion also had abnormal liver functions and plasma lipids.

Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Obesity ; blood ; physiopathology

Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis is used for the determination of the contents of diosgenin and ruscogenin in Radix Ophiopogonis. The operating buffer was composed of 20 mmol x L(-1) Na2B4O7-HCl (pH 7.61) in 70% methanol. The applied voltage was 25 kV and detection potential was at +0.70 V. With these conditions, the components were successfully separated. The content of diosgenin in Radix Ophiopogonis was 0.018 mg x g(-1) and ruscogenin was 0.008 mg x g(-1). The average recoveries of diosgenin and ruscogenin were 102% and 99.2%, respectively. A new method of the quality control of diosgenin and ruscogenin in Radix Ophiopogonis is provided.
Diosgenin ; analysis ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; methods ; Ophiopogon ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spirostans ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors of hyperuricemia among residents aged >/= 20 years.

METHODSA community based case-control study was conducted in 286 patients with 858 controls without hyperuricemia. Available data were analyzed by mono-factorial and multi-factorial logistic regression methods using SPSS 10.0 software.

RESULTS17 factors related to exposure were identified for hyperuricemia the mono-factorial analysis when; five factors were selected through multiple factoral logistic regression model at P = 0.05 level. The risk factors on hyperuricemia were: hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 3.069), alcohol consumption (OR = 2.032), obesity (OR = 1.802), taste of spicy food (OR = 1.877) and hyperglycemia (OR = 1.622).

CONCLUSIONHyperuricemia is a disease associated with environment and style-life. Changing lifestyle, such as decreasing alcohol consumption and adopting proper structure of diet may prevent or decrease the chance of getting hyperuricemia and gout.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Diet ; Female ; Gout ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; Risk Factors ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between compositions of hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome among residents aged > or =20 years.

METHODSA stratified cluster sampling was conducted with 7887 dwellers recruited and examinaed. Blood samples were then collected for serum detection. Available data was analyzed using SPSS 13.0.

RESULTSThe incidence rates of obesity, hypertension and hyperglycemia for hyperuricemia were 53.4% with OR = 2.568 (95% CI: 2.103-3.137), 38.8% with OR= 2.157 (95% CI: 1.856-2.508) and 21.9% with OR = 1.850 (95% CI: 1.552-2.205) respectively. Along with the increase of uric acid, body mass index changed the most followed by triglyceridemia. The change of hyperglycemia for men and cholesterol for women were not prominent. Conclusion The relationship between compositions of hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome was close, suggesting that hyperuricemia might serve as one of the compositions of metabolic syndrome and could contribute to the prevention and control of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; complications ; epidemiology ; Incidence ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; complications ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged

This study was aimed to analyze hemoglobin F (HbF) level and single nucleotide polymorphisms at rs11886868 locus of BCL11A gene in β-thalassemia patients, and to explore correlation between them. 89 mild β-thalassemia patients with known mutations were registered, and HbF levels were determined by capillary electrophoresis. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes, fragment including rs11886868 locus in BCL11A gene was amplified by PCR, and polymorphism was determined by DNA sequencing. The results showed that 2 polymorphisms including C and T were found at rs11886868 locus in BCL11A gene among 89 mild β-thalassemia patients. HbF levels in red blood cells were (4.47 ± 3.42)% and (2.79 ± 2.21)% for β-thalassemia patients carrying C/C and C/T haplotypes, respectively. There was difference between 2 haplotype groups. It is concluded that the C and T polymorphisms are found at rs11886868 locus in the BCL11A gene for β-thalassemia patients. C polymorphism may be related to high HbF expression in red blood cells.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Child ; Female ; Fetal Hemoglobin ; metabolism ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Young Adult ; beta-Thalassemia ; blood ; genetics

This study was aimed to analyze the β-globin gene mutations in a patient with β-thalassemia minor. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells of the patient. The full-length DNA sequence coding for β-globin was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the gene mutation was determined by DNA sequencing. The results indicated that a heterogeneous A→G mutation was found at position 129 in intron 1 of the β-thalassemia minor patient. It is concluded that the IVS-I-129(A→G) mutation is a splicing site mutation leading to a splicing error in immature messenger RNA and a protein translation error for the β-globin gene. Thus, the IVS-I-129(A→G) is a novel mutation.
Adult ; Base Sequence ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Introns ; Point Mutation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Splice Sites ; beta-Globins ; genetics ; beta-Thalassemia ; genetics

In order to develop a rapid detection kit for novel avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H7N9, two sets of specific primers and probes were designed based on the nucleotide sequences of hemagglutinin antigen (HA) and neuraminidase antigen (NA) of novel H7N9 virus (2013) available in GenBank to establish the method of TaqMan probe-based multiplex real-time RT-PCR for rapid detection of AIV subtype H7N9. The primer and probe of HA were for all H7 subtype AIVs, while the primer and probe of NA were only for novel N9 subtype AIVs. The results showed that this method had high sensitivity and specificity. This method was applicable to the testing of positive standard sample with a minimum concentration of 10 copies/microL; it not only distinguished H7 subtype from H1, H3, H5, H6, and H9 subtypes, but also distinguished novel N9 subtype from traditional N9 subtype. A total of 2700 samples from Zhuhai, China were tested by this method, and the results were as expected. For the advantages of sensitivity and specificity, the method holds promise for wide application.
Animals ; Birds ; virology ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Influenza in Birds ; prevention & control ; virology ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Species Specificity ; Taq Polymerase ; metabolism ; Time Factors

Objective To evaluate contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging in the detection of leptomeningeal lesions.Methods Seventeen patients with a variety of leptomeningeal lesions were analyzed.The MRI protocol included un-enhanced and contrast-enhanced FLAIR images and contrast-enhanced T_1WI,Comparisons between contrast-enhanced FLAIR images and T_1WI and between un-enhanced and contrast-enhanced FLAIR images were made to determine which sequence better depicted the lesions.Results Leptomeningeal lesions showed as either diffusely or locally abnormal hyper-intensity along sulci or cistern on three sequences.Comparison between contrast-enhanced FLAIR and T_1WI showed that only contrast-enhanced FLAIR revealed the abnormalities in 7,both revealed the abnormalities but the former was superior in 2 ,and both were conspicuous in 7. In 1 patient of tuberculous meningitis,diffuse abnormalities of sulci were shown only on contrast-enhanced FLAIR, abnormalities of cisterns were shown on both sequences but the former was superior.Comparison between un- enhanced and contrast-enhanced FLAIR showed that only contrast-enhanced FLAIR revealed the abnormalities in 9,both revealed the abnormalities but the former was superior in 3,and both were conspicuous in 4. In 1 patient of tuberculous meningitis,abnormalities of cisterns were shown only on contrast-enhanced FLAIR,diffuseabnormalities of sulci were shown on both sequences but the former was superior.Conclusions Contrast-enhanced FLAIR images were superior to un-enhanced FLAIR images and contrast-enhanced T_1WI in the detection of leptomeningeal lesions. Contrast-enhanced FLAIR images are helpful and should be considered when findings on un-enhanced FLAIR images and/or contrast-enhanced T,WI are inconclusive.

BACKGROUND: To date, there is no report on the successful construction of a three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary premolar with wedge-shaped defect restored by fiber post.OBJECTIVE: To establish the three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary premolar with wedge-shaped defect restored by fiber post. METHODS: Micro-CT was used to obtain imaging information of the human maxillary first premolar sample. Then Mimics, Geomagic and Hypermesh were used to establish a clear-structured three-dimensional finite element model of pulp-exposed maxillary premolar with wedge-shaped defect restored by fiber post. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional finite element model of normal maxillary premolar had 180 119 units and 33 289 nodes. Compared with the real subject, the three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary premolar with wedge-shaped defect restored by fiber post had vivid appearance, good image quality and accurate grid partitioning with 237 496 units and 43 965 nodes in total, which could obtain good results in the aspects of geometry, boundary constraint and mechanical compatibility. Moreover, it could better simulate the mechanical stress distribution of diseased teeth under occlusion to further confirm the magnitude and distribution of forces, thereby providing a better basis for future biomechanical studies.