0.05).However,HCT2s of right side and left side were significantly negatively correlated to age(r=-0.606,-0.522;P=0.000,0.000).Conclusion HCT2s in healthy Chinese aged 10~59 year measured on SE dual echo images are quite stable,and age is an influencing factor of HCT2,but not side,sex and handedness.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the quality standard for Guibi zhitong liquor. METHODS:TLC was used for the qualita-tive identification of Radix angelicae,Notopterygium incisum,Radix aucklandiae and Magnolia officinalis in the preparation;HPLC was used for the contents determination of imperatorin and cinnamaldehyde:the column was Waters Symmetry Shield RP-C18 with mobile phase of methanol-water for imperatorin(60:40,V/V)and methanol-water for cinnamaldehyde(35:65,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength was 254 nm for imperatorin and 290 nm for cinnamaldehyde,column temperature was 25℃,and the injection volume was 20μL. RESULTS:The TLC spots of R. angelicae,N. incisum,R. aucklandiae and M. of-ficinalis were clear and well separated,negative control without interference. The linear range was 3.0-30.0 μg/mL for imperatorin (r=0.9998)and 3.978-39.78 μg/mL for cinnamaldehyde(r=0.9999);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0%;recoveries were 96.94%-102.64%(RSD=2.37%,n=6)and 96.78%-99.53%(RSD=1.00%,n=6). CONCLU-SIONS:The improved standard more effectively control the quality of the Guibi zhitong liquor.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore possible pharmacokinetic factors and develop a population pharmacokinetic model for remifentanil in adult patients.Methods Eleven healthy patients,undergoing elective major abdominal surgery,aged 25 to 86 years,received random-ly remifentanil 0.3μg·kg-1 ·min-1 (group R3),or 0.6μg·kg-1 ·min-1 (group R6).Frequent ar-terial blood samples were drawn according to predetermined time and assayed for remifentanil concen-tration.Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM)was used to evaluate the time courses of the measured concentrations.The covariates include age,bodyweight (WT),gender,lean body mass (LBM),body mass index (BMI)and body surface area (BSA).Results The pharmacokinetic data of remifentanil were well described using a three-compartment linear model with first-order elimination from the central compartment.Forward analysis showed that age,height and body mass index (BMI) does not affect the pharmacokinetic parameters,which are contrast with body weight,lean body mass (LBM),body surface area (BSA)and gender;further analysis demonstrated only a significant effect of body weight on remifentanil systemic clearance (CL)and volume of the central compartment (V). For typical 60 years patients,PK parameters were:V1 =7.64 L,V2 =4.81 L,V3 =4.34 L,CL1 =2.74 L/min,CL2 = 0.738 L/min,CL3 = 0.0905 L/min.Conclusion The pharmacokinetics of remifentanil is consistent with its rapid elimination by blood and tissue esterase in Chinese patients. The systemic clearance and volume of distribution of central compartment increases with body weight in the population and the range of covariates studied,which suggests that a patient with greater body weight needs a greater initial dose and maintenance infusion rate higher to obtain a stable plasma con-centrations and clinical effects.

Objective To establish a UV spectrophotometry method and an HPLC method respectively for the determination of the total content of coumarin and contents of four main constituents of coumarin in Fraxini Cortex extract.Methods UV spectrophotometry was used for the determination of the content of total coumarin in Fraxini Cortex extract. The reference substance was Aesculin, and the maximum ultraviolet absorption wavelength was 334 nm. The HPLC method was used to determine the contents of Aesculin, Fraxin, Aesculetin and Fraxetin in Fraxini Cortex extract, using gradient elution with acetonitrile-phosphate solution (0.01%) as mobile phase on Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 chromatographic column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm) at room temperature.Results For the UV method, the linear range of the mass concentration of Aesculin was 5.76-23.04μg/mL (r=0.999 9), and the average recovery was 100.6% (RSD=1.8%). For the HPLC method, the linear ranges of the mass of Aesculin, Fraxin, Aesculetin and Fraxetin were 0.055 0-3.850 0μg (r=0.9997), 0.053 9-3.773 0μg (r=0.999 8), 0.060 0-0.660 0μg (r=0.999 9), and 0.056 2-0.618 2μg (r=0.999 9), respectively, and the average recoveries were 96.97% (RSD=1.26%), 100.80% (RSD=2.22%), 99.04% (RSD=2.47%), and 98.77% (RSD=1.94%), respectively.Conclusion Both of the two methods are simple, accurate and reliable, and can be used for the quality control of total coumarin and the main constituents of coumarin in Fraxini Cortex extract.

Objective To examine the neural basis of item memory and source memory with fMRI approach.Methods Eight male and eight female healthy fight-handed native Chinese speakers were involved in this study.The item memory and source memory task were conducted with 504 highly frequent Chinese double-character words in the Block-designed experiment.Participants underwent such a double- round procedure as fMRI scanning following study.The fMRI data collected from a GE 1.5T MRI system were analyzed to generate corresponding activation maps for females and males respectively(P20)using statistical parametric mapping software(SPM).Results For females,item memory task activated the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6,the number of activated voxel clusters was 62 or 11 in the left and the right,respectively),source memory more activated the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6/46,the number was 59).For males,item memory activated the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6/46,the number was 64),source memory activated the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6,9 and 40 in the left and the right).Conclusion On the neural basis of item or source memory,there exists dissociation,which is that right dorsolateral prefrontal areas are more activated by item memory while left dorsolateral prefrontal areas by source memory.For the difference of gender,it is suggested that left dorsolateral prefrontal areas(BA6/46)are more activated in females while right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6/46)more in males.

Objective To study the changes of muscle being injected with botulinum toxin A in different period of time,helping for chemically denervated muscle transplantation.Methods Sixteen rabbits were divided into 4 groups.The extensor carpi radialis muscle in one side was chosen for experimental group with the opposite muscle for control group.Morphological changes,histological changes and electron microscopic changes of muscle being injected with botulinum toxin A were observed from the first week to the fouth week.Results The quantity of glycogen and mitochondria in the muscles reduced in the first week.But it was obvious in the third week.We also found some necrotic areas in the fouth week with the muscles restoring.Conclusions The effect of metabolism slowing down and the volume of muscle reducing after botulinum toxin A injection is obvious in third weeks.It could help us choose the best time of chemically denervated muscle transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the role of spiral CT in initial diagnosis and following up detection for patients with thoracic sarcoidosis.Methods 25 patients with thoracic sarcoidosis which had complete data were analyzed retrospectively.Radiography and CT were performed in all cases.The diagnostic accuracy of two methods were statistically compared.Results The diagnostic accuracy of CT in initial detection of thoracic sarcoidosis was 64%.Among the misdiagnosed patients,5 cases were misdiagnosed as lymphoma(n=5) and the else were misdiagnosed as thoracic tuberculosis(n=1) and metastatic tumors(n=3).Conclusion As well as it's significance in following up period,the advantage of CT in determining the diagnosis of thoracic sarcoidosis is conspicuous.CT also can be used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy.

Objective To evaluate the image quality,diagnosis accuracy and dose reduction of split-bolus CT urography (CTU) with low voltage scan and sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE).Methods A total of 80 cases of consecutive patients with confirmed or suspected urinary system disease needed CTU examination were divided into two groups (control group and test group) by using random number table.In control group,convention scan (120 kV) with one time injection was used.But low voltage scan (80 kV) with SAFIRE algorithm and split-bolus injection (SBI) was used in experiment group.The radiation dose,image quality and diagnosis accuracy were compared.Results A total of 77 cases completed CTU examination successfully in the two groups,including 39 cases in control group and 38 cases in test group.The effective dose reduced from (26.68 ± 4.07) in control group to (3.93 ± 0.85) mSv in test group (t =-33.78,P ＜ 0.05).Subjective image quality score was (4.49 ± 0.79) in control group and (4.39 ± 1.53) in test group,with no significantly statistical difference (Z =2.71,P ＞ 0.05).Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of objective image quality in test group was higher than that in control group (127.3±15.9 vs.109.6 ± 13.2,t =4.49,P＜0.05).But there was no significantly statistical difference in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between control group(100.8 ± 12.9)and test group (109.0 ± 14.4,P ＞ 0.05).For diagnosis accuracy,no statistical difference were found between two groups(84.62％ and 81.58％,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The combination of low voltage scan with SAFIRE algorithm and split-bolus injection CTU could reduce the radiation dose significantly,but the objective image quality,CNR (except SNR) of subjective image quality and diagnosis accuracy were all unaffected obviously.

To further explore the result of bilingual teaching in pediatrics,we randomly chose 200 undergraduates of 4 class and released students'questionnaires about bilingual teaching with teaching content before and after class to assess students'understanding of bilingual teaching and analysed appraisal result.We found no significant difference of student score between students accepting bilingual teaching and not accepting the bilingual teaching,but there was difference for English tests and expression level.So we think that students can fully accept the bilingual teaching of pediatrics under the premise with selecting appropriate teaching methods and means.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of fast track surgery in laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods: All patients received elective gastric cancer resection, and were divided into three groups: group Ⅰ (open gastrecomy, n = 30) , group Ⅱ (open gastrecomy with fast track surgery, n = 30) , and group Ⅲ (laparoscopic gastrecomy with fast track surger-y ,n =30) . Clinical data and gut function were assessed in three groups. Results: There were no significant differences in postoperative complication and the number of lymph node harvest between 3 groups. Blood loss was less in group Ⅲ than group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P <0.01) ,but its operative time was longer and its cost was more than other two open surgery groups (P < 0. 01). Recovery of bowel function in group Ⅲ was faster,and postoperative hospital stay was shorter than group Ⅰ (P<0.01). However, recovery of bowel function and postoperative hospital stay in group Ⅲ was not different from group Ⅱ (P > 0. 05). Conclusion: Postoperative hospital stay can be shorter and recovery of bowel function can be faster in laparoscopic gastrectomy with fast track surgery plan compared to traditional care group. But when using fast track surgery plan, laparoscopic gastrectomy was not superior to open surgery.