Objective To analyze the tendency of road traffic injuries and explore its main influencing factors in China from 1997 to 2016, so as to provide references for decision-making of prevention and control. Methods Data was collected from national data website. Annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated and trend tests were performed by Joinpoint Regression Program 4.6.0.0. Results The overall trend of the indexes was basically the same, reaching the highest record in 2002. The following downward tendency was different and tended to level off after 2009. However, the forecast showed that the fatality of road traffic accidents would increase slightly in recent years. For different road traffic modes, only the average annual percent change of motor vehicle injuries statistically descended (AAPC=-1.83, Z=-2.23, P=0.026). The average annual decreases of non-motor vehicle deaths were statistically significant (AAPC=-1.98, Z=-2.47, P=0.014), and the number of injured showed a notable upward trend instead (AAPC=3.95, Z=5.16, P<0.001). The indexes of walking and riding were declined markedly (AAPC≥7.90, P<0.001). Conclusions The status of walking and riding had been improved significantly, but motor vehicles injuries were still the main traffic mode causing road traffic injuries. The safety situation of non-motor vehicles was increasingly serious. Adopting legal compulsory measures and other intervention to routine systematic management was quite necessary.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiological features of the pathogens responsible for prostatitis in the Changshu area, and offer some evidence for the clinical treatment of prostatitis.

METHODSThis study included 2 306 cases of prostatitis that were all clinically confirmed and subjected to pathogenic examinations in 3 hospitals of Changshu area from 2008 to 2012. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma urealyticum and chlamydia trachomatis were detected by nucleic acid amplification ABI 7500, the bacterial data analyzed by VITEK-2 Compact, the drug-resistance to antibacterial agents determined using the WHONET 5.6 software, and the enumeration data processed by chi-square test and curvilinear regression analysis using SPSS 19.0.

RESULTSThe main pathogens responsible for prostatitis were found to be Staphylococcus haemolyticus (30%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (12%), Enterococcus faecalis (9%), Escherichia coli (6%), Staphylococcus warneri and Staphylococcus aureus (3%), Mycoplasma urealyticum (8%), chlamydia trachomatis (5%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (6%). Statistically significant increases were observed in the detection rates of Escherichia coli (chi2 = 17.56, P<0.05), Mycoplasma urealyticum (chi2 = 8.73, P<0.05), Chlamydia trachomatis (chi2 = 8.73, P<0.05) and Enterococcus (chi2 = 8.22, P<0.05), but not in other pathogens. The resistance rates of Gram-positive bacteria to erythromycin and benzylpenicillin G were both above 45%, but with no significant difference between the two, those of Oxacillin (chi2 = 10.06, P<0.05) and Cefoxitin (chi2 = 9.89, P<0.05) were markedly increased, but those of quinolones, gentamycin and clindamycin remained low, except rifampicin (chi2 = 11.09, P<0.05). The resistance rates of Gram-negative bacteria to cefazolin and ampicillin were relatively high (mean 57.3%), and those to ceftriaxone (chi2 = 11.26, P<0.05) and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (chi2 =11.00, P< 0.05) significantly high; those to amikacin, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem remained at low levels with no significant changes. However, the resistance rates of mycoplasma urealyticum to ciprofloxacin (chi2 = 11.18, P<0.05) and azithromycin (chi2 = 9.89, P<0.05) were remarkably increased.

CONCLUSIONGram-positive bacteria are the major pathogens responsible for prostatitis, but Escherichia coli, enterococcus and sexually transmitted disease pathogens are found to be involved in recent years. Quinolones and aminoglycosides are generally accepted as the main agents for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infection. However, rational medication for prostatitis should be based on the results of pathogen isolation and drug sensitivity tests in a specific area.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatitis ; epidemiology ; microbiology

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have indicated the possibility that genistein may improve depression via regulating the expression of miR-221/222. This study is to explore whether genistein could improve depression by altering miR-221/222 levels and investigate the possible mechanisms involved in the improvement effect of genistein. METHODS: The animal model of depression was established through unpredictable chronic mild stress. Nest building test and splash test were adapted to evaluate the effects of genistein on depressive symptoms in mice. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of miR-221/222 and connexin 43 (Cx43) in the prefrontal cortex of the mice. In vitro, U87-MG astrocytes were treated with genistein and the expression of miR-221/222 and Cx43 was measured. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify whether Cx43 was a direct target of miR-221/222. RESULTS: The behavioral tests showed that genistein could significantly reduce depression symptoms of mice, and this remission was not affected by gender. Genistein in vivo and in vitro could reduce increased levels of miR-221 and miR-222 in the prefrontal cortex of depressed mice, while upregulate Cx43 expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay suggested Cx43 was directly regulated by miR-221/222 in astrocytes. CONCLUSION: Genistein can play its antidepressant effect through down-regulating miR-221/222 by targeting Cx43.
Animals ; Astrocytes ; Behavior Rating Scale ; Blotting, Western ; Connexin 43* ; Depression* ; Genistein* ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Prefrontal Cortex

OBJECTIVETo study the genetic relationship and diversity of 3 species which belong to Tripterygium.

METHODSamples were collected and divided into 4 types: typical T. wilfordii, typical T. hypoglaucum and their middle type according to morphological characters, and T. regelii. RAPD markers were used to measure the genetic relationship and diversity of 110 individuals from 22 natural populations in China.

RESULT AND CONCLUSION10 primers were selected from 100 ones screened. A total of 128 bands were scored and 123 of them were polymorphic. Cluster analysis indicated that all the samples could be divided into 3 parts: 5 individuals from T. regelii gathered closely and were separated from other population and formed single branch. All 4 populations from T. hypoglaucum gathered directly. The middle type showed a nearer relationship with T. wilfordii than with T. hypoglaucum, although there was genetic differentiation between populations from middle type and those from T. wilfordii. The middle type has more diversity than T. wilfordii. The distance between different middle type populations and T. wilfordii was different. The existence of middle type populations between T. wilfordii and T. hypoglaucum suggested that the 2 species should be combined into one species. Considering all populations except T. regeli, the generic differentiation among populations was significant and the genetic diversity existed mainly among different populations. So samples of Tripterygii should be collected from different ppopulations for the reservation of the genetic diversity.

Biodiversity ; China ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA, Plant ; analysis ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; Tripterygium ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo study an intervention model of "schools without infected students with schistosoma japonica", to control and prevent students from schistosoma infection.

METHODSTwelve primary schools of four heavy endemic counties (districts) with schistosomiasis in the Poyang Lake areas were selected as the study fields, of which, ten schools were the experimental groups, and the other two schools were the control groups by cluster random sampling. All enrolment students were the target population. The baseline survey was carried out in 2005, and an intervention model, "information dissemination + behavior participation + behavior encouragement", was applied in the experiment groups in 2006 - 2008, then the effect of intervention was assessed.

RESULTSBefore intervention (2005), the anti-schistosomiasis knowledge awareness rate of experimental and control groups were 14.75% (324/2196) and 16.58% (91/549), and the different was not significant (χ(2) = 1.14, P > 0.05); the rate of accurate attitude of anti-schistosomiasis were 14.71% (323/2196) and 11.84% (65/549) in experimental and control groups, and the difference was not significant (χ(2) = 2.98, P > 0.05); the rate of contacting infected water were 15.44% (18 988/122 976) and 15.03% (4622/30 744) in experimental and control group and the difference was not significant (χ(2) = 3.13, P > 0.05); and the infection rate of schistosomiasis of experiment control groups were 9.65% (212/2196) and 10.56% (58/549), the difference was not significant (χ(2) = 0.41, P > 0.05). After one year intervention (2006), the anti-schistosomiasis knowledge awareness rate of experimental and control groups were 97.79% (2032/2078) and 18.11% (98/541), and the different was significant (χ(2) = 1794.31, P < 0.01); the rate of accurate attitude of anti-schistosomiasis were 99.09% (2059/2078) and 13.49% (73/541) in experimental and control group, and the difference was significant (χ(2) = 2077.45, P < 0.01). After 1 - 3 years intervention (2006 - 2008), there were no any contactors with infected water and infectors with schistosome in students of the experiment group in successive 3 years. While in the control group of the same period, the rate contacting infected water were 16.12% (4884/30 296), 11.11% (3079/27 720) and 12.25% (3451/28 168); the infection rate of schistosomiasis were 8.87% (48/541), 7.47% (37/495) and 7.95% (40/503), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe intervention model of health promotion, "information dissemination + behavior participation + behavior encouragement", can effectively control and prevent students from infecting schistosoma japonica in heavy endemic areas with schistosomiasis.

Animals ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Schistosomiasis ; prevention & control ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; School Health Services ; Schools ; Students

The present study was aimed to analyze the immunogenicity of recombinant human zona pellucida-3 peptides (r-huZP3a(22 approximately 176) and r-huZP3b(177 approximately 348)) expressed in E. coli through immunizing rabbits, and to evaluate the efficacy of their polyclonal antisera against r-huZP3a(22 approximately 176) and r-huZP3b(177 approximately 348) to inhibit in vitro human sperm-egg binding respectively. Male New Zealand rabbits were immunized using r-huZP3a(22 approximately 176) or r-huZP3b(177 approximately 348) as antigen respectively, which was purified through an improved method of preparative gel polyacryulamide gel electrophoresis. The antibody response level of r-huZP3a(22 approximately 176) or r-huZP3b(177 approximately 348) immunogen in rabbits was determined by ELISA using mouse ZP3-5 (amino acid sequence(137 approximately 150) being completely conserved with huZP3(138 approximately 151) sequence) and specific huZP3-14 (amino acid sequence(327 approximately 340)) synthetic peptides as coating antigens respectively. The immunoreactivity and specificity of the anti-r-huZP3a(22 approximately 176) and anti-r-huZP3b(177 approximately 348) antisera with each r-huZP3 peptides, were tested by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry (using native huZP and human ovary section) respectively. A competitive hemizona assay (HZA) was used to evaluate the efficacy of the antisera against r-huZP3a(22 approximately 176) and r-huZP3b(177 approximately 348) to inhibit in vitro human sperm-egg binding. Both r-huZP3 peptides were able to induce higher antibody titers in rabbits. Each antiserum could specifically recognize or bind to each target r-huZP3 peptide expressed in E. coli and native human ZP in vitro. The antisera also inhibited sperm-egg binding in the HZA. These results show that r-huZP3a(22 approximately 176) and r-huZP3b(177 approximately 348) are of strong immunogenicity. They can be used to develop a kit for detecting whether there are autoantibodies to zona pellucida in unexplained infertile women, and their antisera might be useful tools for determining minimal B-cell epitope sequences of several known huZP3 epitope peptides.
Animals ; Egg Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; immunology ; Immunization ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; immunology ; Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) on cell proliferation and cell cycle in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells.

METHODSRecombinant lentivirus that encoded EBNA1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was prepared. The C666-EBNA1 (CE) cells were transduced with lentivirus and selected by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to repress EBNA1 expression. The protein expression levels of EBNA1 were examined by Western blot. The effect of EBNA1 silence on cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay and cell growth assay, respectively. Cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein levels of cell cycle regulators were examined by real-time PCR and Western blot.

RESULTSRecombinant lentivirus encoded EBNA1 shRNA was successfully constructed. The EBNA1 expression in CE cells was significantly reduced by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference. The results of cell counting and MTT assay showed that EBNA1 down-regulation significantly inhibited cell growth in CE-shRNA EBNA1 cells (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the percentage of cells in G0-G1 phase was increased from (62.43 ± 6.62)% to (89.66 ± 0.64)% (t = -7.091, P = 0.002), and that in S phase was decreased from (34.93 ± 7.36)% to (7.82 ± 2.44)% (t = 6.095, P = 0.004). The mRNA expressions of c-myc, CDK4, CDK6 and pRb were decreased by 65.60%, 34.06%, 41.05% and 55.29% respectively with the similar results in protein expression levels.

CONCLUSIONSSuppression of EBNA1 may inhibit the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro and induce a G1-phase cell cycle arrest, which might be mediated by down-regulation of c-myc, CDK4, CDK6 and pRb.

Carcinoma ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transduction, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo reveal the clinical features of patients with acute arrest of hemopoiesis (AAH), and explore the dissimilarity between AAH, severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and very severe aplastic anemia (vSAA).

METHODSThe clinical and laboratory features of 23 AAH patients diagnosed and treated in our hospital from May 1993 to May 2006 were analysed retrospectively and compared to the 111 cases of SAA and vSAA patients diagnosed at anaemia therapeutic centre of the hospital from Jul 2002 to May 2006.

RESULTSTwenty-three patients accorded with the criteria for AAH, and 16 of them with the criteria for severe acute arrest of hemopoiesis (SAAH). They could spontaneously reconstitute their bone marrow hematopoiesis at a median of 17 days (range, 8-50), and had remarkable older age (median age 35.5 vs 21), positive history of other disease and taking medication. Fever as one of presenting symptom were noticed in 10 of 16 STAA patients. The laboratory results were similar with SAA or vSAA, had more frequent decreased serum albumin level and total iron binding capacity and higher CFU-GM.

CONCLUSIONSPatients with AAH often had similar clinical symptoms with SAA or vSAA. Although they were diagnosed retrospectively, identification of the pathogenesis and laboratory examination may help for the early diagnosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Anemia, Aplastic ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVEThis experiment aims to study the anti-angiogenic ability of vinorelbine combined with cetuximab in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSHuman lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were used as control group. Proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was assessed by MTT assay. Furthermore, we used Transwell chambers, capillary tube formation and flow cytometry to observe the effects of vinorelbine combined with cetuximab on HUVEC migration, tube formation and cell apoptosis, respectively. In addition, the anti-angiogenic ability of the drugs was checked using chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model.

RESULTSThe inhibitory rate of HUVEC growth was 25.8%, 39.2%, 54.0% for vinorelbine at the concentration of 0.1 ng/ml, 0.4 ng/ml, and 0.8 ng/ml, respectively; that of 0.25 microg/ml cetuximab was 19.7%, and that of 0.1 ng/ml vinorelbine + 0.25 microg/ml cetuximab, 0.4 ng/ml vinorelbine + 0.25 microg/ml cetuximab and 0.8 ng/ml vinorelbine + 0.25 microg/ml cetuximab was 29.5%, 46.4%, 64.6%, respectively. The inhibitory rates of the drugs at the above mentioned combinations of migration and tube formation of HUVEC were 51.9%, 68.2%, 95.0%, respectively. The inhibitory rate of 0.1 ng/ml + 0.25 microg/ml cetuximab and 0.4 ng/ml vinorelbine + 0.25 microg/ml cetuximab on tube formation of HUVEC was 38.8% and 57.7%, respectively, showing a sub-additive effect, and that of combination of 0.8 ng/ml vinorelbine + 0.25 microg/ml cetuximab was 78.9%, showing a synergistic effect. In addition, the apoptotic rate of HUVEC induced by 0.8 ng/ml vinorelbine + 0.25 microg/ml cetuximab was 59.9%, showing a synergistic effect. The in vivo experiment also showed that the combination of the two drugs had a synergistic anti-angiogenic effect.

CONCLUSIONBoth low dose vinorelbine and cetuximab have an anti-angiogenic effect in vitro and in vivo, and the combination of the two drugs has sub-additive or synergistic inhibitory effect on angiogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma ; blood supply ; pathology ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cetuximab ; Chick Embryo ; Drug Synergism ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood supply ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; prevention & control ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology ; Vinblastine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the rational digestive reconstruction after total gastrectomy for gastric malignancy.

METHODSThree types of digestive reconstruction were performed after total gastrectomy in 189 cases with gastric carcinoma. The operating time, morbidity and mortality, food intake, digestive tract symptoms, nutritional status at 1 and 3 years after surgery and 1-, 3-, 5-year cumulative survival were compared.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences among the three procedures in operative morbidity and mortality, postoperative food intake, nutritional status (Hemoglobin, total protein and labium), and incidences of diarrhea and dumping syndrome (P > 0.05). The overall 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 75.3%, 38.2% and 20.5% respectively, and there were no significant differences among the three groups (P > 0.05). Orr-type and P-type esophagojejunostomy had an advantage of anti-esophageal reflux, and were obviously superior to Moynihan-type anastomosis (P< 0.01). Compared with P-type reconstruction, Orr-type reconstruction was simpler with shorter operating time, and less complications.

CONCLUSIONSOrr-type Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy can be recommended as an adaptable method of digestive reconstruction after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer because of its avoiding reflux esophagitis, maintaining better nutritional status and quality of life, and simpler procedure.

Adult ; Aged ; Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y ; methods ; Esophagus ; surgery ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Jejunum ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery