Arthroplasty, Replacement ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Shoulder Fractures ; therapy ; Shoulder Joint ; surgery

Objective To investigate the effects of δ-opioid receptor agonist DADLE (D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin) on the hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in rats with sepsis. Methods Eighty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 20 each) : sham operation group (group S), sepsis group (group SEP) ,DADLE, group and DADLE2, group. Sepsis was induced by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) in SEP, DADLE,and DADLE2 groups. In DADLE1 and DADLE2 groups, 0.5 mg/ml DADLE 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally (IP) 0.5 h before CLP and immediately after CLP respectively. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and ± dp/dtmax were recorded at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h after CLP (T1-4). Blood samples from left common carotid artery and right external jugular vein were collected at T4 for blood gas analysis. The cardiac index (CI), O2 delivery (DO2), O2 consumption (VO2) and O2 extraction rate (ERO2) were calculated.Results Compared with group S, MAP and LVSP were significantly increased at T2, while decreased at T3,4, and ± dp/dtmax was significantly increased in group SEP, MAP was significantly increased at T2, while decreased at T3,4, LVSP was significantly increased at T2,3, while decreased at T4 , and ± dp/dtmax was significantly increased in DADLE, and DADLE2 groups, and CI, DO2 and VO2 were significantly decreased and ERO2 was increased in SEP, DADLE, and DADLE2 groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group SEP, MAP, LVSP and ± dp/dtmax at T3,4 and CI, DO2 and VO2 were significantly increased, while ERO2 was significantly decreased in DADLE1 and DADLE2 groups (P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between DADLE1 and DADLE2 groups ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion δ-opioid receptor agonist DADLE can obviously improve the hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in septic rats.

Objective To investigate the rat bone structural changes of lower limb following lumbar nerve dorsal roots section.Methods Forty-eight mature female Wistar rats were divided into posterior radi- cotomy(PR)and comtrol groups randomly.The bilateral femoral bone mineral density(BMD)and biome- chanics characteristics were analyzed 2,4 and 8 weeks after the radicotomy.The same operation except the radicotomy was done in the sham group.Results In PR group,2,4,and 8 weeks after the radicotomy,the BMD of femur was(0.221?0.008)g/cm~3,(0.213?0.015)g/cm~3 ,and(0.216?0.105)g/cm~3 ,respective- ly;while that was(0.223?0.005)g/cm~3,(0.218?0.014)g/cm~3 ,and(0.208?0.111)g/cm~3 in control group.No significant difference was observed between the two groups(P＞0.05).In PR group,2,4,and 8 weeks after the operation,the mean maximum load in three-point bending test of femun midshaft was(93.64?8.76)N,(89.77?11.18)N and(93.21?8.74)N,respectively,and was lower than the values of the con- trol group at the same time point(95.94?6.29)N,(91.63?9.43)N,(95.57?8.64)N,However,there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Accordingly,there was no significant difference in the energy absorption in femun midshaft between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The selective rhizotomies of part lumbar never dorsal roots might not cause the loss of the femur BMD and the change of bio- mechanics property significantly in short period.

AIM: To evaluate the safety, efficacy and stability of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens ( ICL ) implanation and clear lens extraction for the correction of high myopia.
METHODS: The study enrolled 56 cases ( 100 eyes ) of high myopia. Group I comprised 32 cases ( 58 eyes ) receiving ICL implantation and Group II comprised 24 cases (42 eyes) undergoing clear lens extraction. In this study, we evaluated the two groups of subject's the visual and refractive results, intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , endothelial cell density ( ECD ) , anterior chamber depth ( ACD) , lens transparency, the surgical complications as well as visual adverse symptoms before and after surgery.
RESULTS: The postoperative subjects in group I and group II were followed, uncorrected vision acuity ( UCVA)>0. 5 were 69. 0% in group I and 71. 4% in group II after 3mo. UCVA>0. 5 were 72. 4% in group I and 73. 8% in group II after 1a. Predictability of the manifest spherical equivalent refraction within±1. 00D was achieved in 62. 1%of eyes in group I and 57. 1% in group II after 1a. The central vault of the ICL ( distance from posterior surface of ICL to the crystalline lens ) measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography ( AS-OCT ) was 0. 35-0. 54 (0. 40±0. 16) mm. Twelve point one percent of eyes in group I and 7. 1% of eyes in group II had transient mild increase in IOP. Here were statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative ECD (P<0. 001 ). Complications of surgery: 1 eye had ICL spontaneous rotation, 2 eyes had anterior subcapsular cataract, 4 eyes noticed halos around lights at night in group I. Three eyes had posterior capsule mild opacification, 3 eyes noticed halos around lights at night, 12 eyes had difficulty in near vision in group II.
CONCLUSION: ICL implantation and clear lens extraction are effective, safe and predictable surgical option for the management of high myopia. No severe complications occurred, but its long time effect and safety still need more time to prove.

OBJECTIVETo detect the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene C677T mutation with molecular beacon technique and assess the revant applicability.

METHODSA total of 228 samples were analyzed using molecular beacons which are oligonucleotide probes to become fluorescent upon hybridization. Wild-type molecular beacon and mutant beacon were designed to detect the genotypes of MTHFR gene.

RESULTSAnalysis of the 228 samples indicated that there were three genotypes including 41 homozygous mutants, 113 heterozygous individuals and 74 wild-type individuals. Every sample was identified clearly.

CONCLUSIONThe present method, a closed-tube PCR/hybridization assay, is a simple, high-throughput and fast procedure that is fully automated for detecting gene mutation.

DNA Mutational Analysis ; methods ; Fluorescent Dyes ; chemistry ; Genotype ; Humans ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; chemistry ; genetics ; Point Mutation ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To investigate the effect of δ-opioid receptor agonist D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) on the celluar immune function in septic rats. Methods One hundred and fifty healthy male SD rats weighing 154-198 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 50 each):group Ⅰ sham operation (group S);group Ⅱ sepsis (group SEP) and group Ⅲ DADLE. Sepsis was induced by cecum ligation and punture (CLP) in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. In group Ⅲ 0.5 rmg/kg DADLE 10 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally (IP) immediately after CLP operation. Seven day survival rate was calculated. Blood samples were collected from 10 animals at 4, 8 and 12 h after operation (T1-3) respectively in each group for determination of serum TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations by ELISA and changes in T-cell subsets by flow cytometry. Results CLP significantly increased serum TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations and TNF-α/IL-10 ratio at T1-3 and decreased CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio and increased CD8+ at T3 in group Ⅱ as compared with group S (group Ⅰ). DADLE treatment significantly attenuated the CLP-induced above changes. Seven-day survival rate was significantly higher in DADLE group than in CLP group.Conclusion δ-opioid receptor agonist DADLE can improve the celluar immune function of rats with sepsis and increase the survival rate.

Objective To study the protective effects of DADLE on pulmonary function in rats with sepsis and the mechanism.Methods Seventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into sham operated group(SO),septic group(SEP),and DADLEtreated group (DADLE).Sepsis model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP).In SO group,the abdomen was opened without any other treatment.In DADLE-treated group,DADLE(0.5 mg/ml) was administerd at a dose of 5 ml/kg by intravenous injection after CLP.Rats were sacrificed at the 2nd,6th and 10th h after CLP.Arterial blood was collected for blood gas analysis.The wet-to-dry lung weight ratio was measured,and the levels of TNF-a and IL-6 in blood were detected.The levels of MPO,MDA and ATP in lung tissue were determined.The pathologic changes of the lungs were examined under a light microscope.Results As compared with SEP group,PaCO_2,and PaO_2 were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the wet-to-dry ratio and levels of serum TNF-a and IL-6 were significantly reduced(P<0.05),and levels of MPO and MDA were significantly reduced(P<0.05) and content of ATP in lung tissue was significantly increased (P<0.05)in DADLE group.More severe pathological changes were found in SEP group than in DADLE group.Conclusion DADLE has pulmonary protective effects in rats with sepsis.

Objective:To reveal the abnormal topology of brain network in Alzheimer′s disease (AD), and evaluate the laterality of tau protein deposition in brains of AD patients based on 18F-APN-1607 PET brain imaging combined with graph theory. Methods:From November 2018 to January 2020, 23 clinically diagnosed AD patients (9 males, 14 females; age (61.3±10.7) years) and 13 normal controls (NC) (9 males, 4 females; age (61.6±4.5) years) who underwent 18F-APN-1607 PET imaging in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. The brain network analysis method based on graph theory was used to construct the tau network of the NC group and the AD group, the network attributes (clustering coefficient, shortest path length, local efficiency, and small-worldness) were calculated, and the asymmetry index (AI) of each group to evaluate the laterality of tau protein deposition was obtained. Permutation test (1 000 times) was used to analyze the differences in brain network parameters between the NC group and the AD group. Results:The tau network of the AD group had obvious topological disorder, and the connections in the olfactory cortex and temporal lobe were weakened, while in the posterior cingulate gyrus, anterior wedge, and parietal occipital lobe, the connections were enhanced. Compared with NC group, clustering coefficient ( t values: 2.28-2.69), local efficiency ( t values: 2.34-3.06) and small-worldness ( t values: 2.26-3.32) were significantly decreased in AD group (all P<0.05) with the sparsity of 20%-50%, while the shortest path length was significantly increased ( t values: 2.13-2.85; all P<0.05). There was significant tau laterality in the posterior cingulate gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, paracentral lobule, superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus (AI: 10.5%(8.1%, 13.9%), 14.1%(7.6%, 20.3%), -12.4%(-15.7%, -7.8%), -10.8%(-15.3%, -2.1%) , -12.1%(-17.9%, -6.6%), respectively). Conclusion:The tau network analysis based on 18F-APN-1607 may be used to reveal abnormal topological changes of AD patients, and the tau deposition in the posterior cingulate gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, paracentral lobule, superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus has obvious laterality in AD patients.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody,MIL60,in inhibiting corneal neovascularization (CoNV) formation in a rat model of alkali cauterization and its involved mechanisms.Methods Rat CoNV model induced by alkali burn was founded in the right eyes,and then 72 cases were randomly divided into four groups according to the subconjunctival administration of medicine next day after the successful establishment of this model:25mg· mL-1 MIL60 group,dexamethasone group,MIL60 solvent group and NaCl group.Then CoNV was observed for recording the its length and the involved area using digital photograph.Next the rats were sacrificed on day 7,14,21 and 28,followed by the collection of rats' cornea for HE and immunohistochemical staining to analyze the protein expression of VEGF,VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1),VEGFR-2 and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9).Results At each time point,the area and length of CoNV in the 25 mg· mL-1 MIL60 and dexamethasone group were significantly less than those in the MIL60 solvent and NaC1 group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.01),and 25 mg· mL-1 MIL60 group had the similar CoNV area and length with the dexamethasone group (all P ＞ 0.05).Moreover,HE and immunohistochemical staining showed that MIL60 could inhibit the protein expression of VEGF,VEGFR-1,VEGFR-2 and MMP-9,which could explain its effective anti-angiogenic activity.Conclusion Subconjunctival administration of MIL60 can significantly inhibit corneal neovascularization formation and alleviate the inflammation in rats suffered from alkali burn.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of tributyltin chloride (TBT) and triphenyltin chloride (TPT) on rat testicular Leydig cells.

METHODSThe rat Leydig cells (LC-540) were incubated with 0 to 80 nmol/L TBT and TPT for 24 to approximately 96 h, and then the cell viability was determined by MTT. DNA fragmentation ladder formation of cell apoptosis was examined by agarose electrophoresis. Effects of chelator of intracellular Ca2+ (BAPTA) and the inhibitors of PKA, PKC and TPK on cell apoptosis induced by TBT were observed. Effects of TBT on testosterone production in primary cultured rat Leydig cells treated with or without hCG were detected.

RESULTSTBT and TPT suppressed Leydig cell survival in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The suppressive effects of TBT and TPT on the cell survival was caused by apoptosis which was determined by DNA ladder formation. The apoptotic effect of TBT was possibly mediated by the rise in intracellular Ca2+ because it could be blocked by BAPTA, the chelator of intracellular Ca2+; PKA, PKC and TPK inhibitors did not prevent the apoptotic effects induced by TBT. TBT markedly suppressed testosterone production of primary cultured rat Leydig cells with or without hCG stimulation.

CONCLUSIONTBT and TPT induced apoptosis in rat testicular Leydig cells possibly through increasing intracellular Ca2+. TBT reduced the testosterone production of rat Leydig cells.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Pollutants ; toxicity ; Leydig Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; secretion ; Male ; Organotin Compounds ; toxicity ; Rats ; Testosterone ; secretion ; Trialkyltin Compounds ; toxicity