Objective To study the mechanism of pregnancy immune tolerance induced by adoptive transferring of FasL gene-modified dendritic cells(DC). Methods The mouse models of spontaneous abortion(CBA/J ? DBA/2) and normal pregnancy(CBA/J ? BALB/c) were established.Five different experimental groups were included: mice of normal pregnancy(CBA/J?BALB/c)(n=17),served as control group;mice of spontaneous abortion without treatment(CBA/J?DBA/2)(n=37),mice injected with DC culture medium(DCCM)(n=25);mice immunized with empty plasmid pcDNA3.1-DC(n=6);and mice immunized with pcDNA3.1-FasL-DC(n=5).Embryo resorption rates of pregnant mice in each groups were observed.Annexin V-FITC was used to detect the apoptosis of T cells.Immunohistochemical staining(SABC) was used to detect the expression of FasL in decidual membranes of pregnant mice. ResultsThe embryo resorption rate of mice immunized with FasL-DC was decreased significantly as compared with that of mice of spontaneous abortion without treatment,DCCM group and immunized with pcDNA3.1-DC(P0.05). Conclusion The decreased apoptosis rate of peripheral T cells and the reduced expression of FasL in decidual membranes may be an important mechanism for the pathogenesis of abortion.Adoptive transfer of FasL gene-modified DC may induce pregnancy immune tolerance by increasing FasL expression of maternal-fetal interface and decreasing embryo resorption rate.

SW872 preadipocytes were cultured and induced to differentiate by oleic acid in vitro.The levels of adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) mRNA were measured by semiquantitative RT- PCR.The concentration of adiponectin in the culture medium was assayed by ELISA.The results showed that rhIL- 6 could inhibit adiponectin,AdipoR1 mRNA expressions and adiponectin secretion in SW872 adipocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner,but did not influence adipoR2 mRNA expression.

Objective To investigate the expression of neural-nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in renal clear cell carcinoma and its clinical significance.Methods The expression of nNOS mRNA in 533 samples of TCGA database was analyzed with Student t test,and statistical analysis was performed to assess the relationship between nNOS expression and clinical prognosis with Kapla-Meier test.Western blot analysis of nNOS protein expression in 10 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) from department of urology of Wuhan union hospital with student t test.Results The mRNA levels of nNOS in 72 cases of ccRCC in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues and were 2.99 ± 0.28 and-1.57 ± 0.17,it is significantly lower than those in adjacent tissues (P ＜ 0.01).The mRNA levels of nNOS in 533 cases of ccRCC,in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues and were 2.99 ± 0.28 and-1.76 ± 0.05,it is significantly lower than those in adjacent tissues (P ＜ 0.01).A total of 533 sample studies showed a low correlation between nNOS expression and clinical T stage,T1-1.59 ±0.08,T2-1.96 ±0.13,T3-1.90 ±0.09,T4-2.38 ±0.28 (P =0.0029) and -1.63 ±0.06 and-2.16 ± 0.13 between non-metastasis and no-metastasis (P =0.0009),and-1.57 ± 0.08 and-2.03 ± 0.11 between non-recurrence and recurrence (P =0.008).Survival analysis showed that the overall survival time were (40.3 ± 5.6) months and (48.3 ± 5.7) months in lower and higher nNOS expression,and disease free survival time were (37.1 ± 2.1) months and (40.3 ± 5.6) months in lower and higher nNOS expression,both with shorter time in low expression of nNOS (P ＜ 0.01).nNOS proteins were 1.02 ± 0.16 and 0.61 ± 0.1 1 in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues with significantly lower expression(P＜0.05).Conclusions The mRNA and protein of nNOS are lower in ccRCC with a poor prognosis of ccRCC.

To clone and analyze a member of the Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family, RgIAA1, from Rehmannia glutinosa. The transcriptional EST database of R. glutinosa was used to clone the new Aux/IAA gene by cDNA probe of AtIAA14. Bioinformatics was applied to analyze the sequence characteristics of RgIAA1 protein and construct phylogenetiC trees. Quantitative RT-PCR has been applied to detect the transcription level of RgIAA1 in seven tissues as well as in leaves under three stresses. The results showed that, the cDNA sequence of RgIAA1 contains 903 bp was obtained. The open reading frame (ORF) of RgIAA1 was 681 bp encoding 226 amino acids, which has typical structural domains and characteristic sequence of Aux/IAA family proteins. RgIAA1 showed the highest expression level in unfolded leaf, followed by the stem. And the expression of RglAA1 was quickly decreased with leaf growing up. The transcription level increased under continuous cropping conditions while it reduced both in salinity and waterlogging stresses. RgIAA1, an Aux/IAA gene from R. glutinosa has been obtained for the first time, which can lay the foundation for further studies about its molecular function in development and responses to stress.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Indoleacetic Acids ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Organ Specificity ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Rehmannia ; classification ; genetics ; physiology ; Stress, Physiological ; genetics

A(p.G888S)were detected in POLG1 gene.Sequence analysis of parental blood DNA revealed that her father carried L83P and her mother carried G888S.Conclusions The characteristics of clinical manifestation,electrophysiology,pathology and POLG1 gene mutation of the patient were highly consistent with Alpers syndrome.The prominent white matter change and increased immunological factors in CSF were first reported in Alpers syndrome.Alpers syndrome should be considered for those patients whose liver function were severely impaired after exposure to valproic acid.

Sudden cardiac death(SCD) from early myocardial ischemia is often lack of typically morphological findings and clinical manifestation, thus cases of SCD may be suspected as criminal cases. It is necessary to clarify the cause of death, which is significance for medico-legal investigation. This article reviewed the latest advancement in the studies on the application of inorganic ions, CK-MB, cTn, ANP and BNP for certification of death from SCD in order to provide a practical way for diagnosis of SCD in forensic pathology.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism* ; Autopsy ; Biomarkers/metabolism* ; Calcium/metabolism* ; Cause of Death ; Creatine Kinase, MB Form/metabolism* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology* ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/pathology* ; Myocardial Ischemia/pathology* ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism* ; Troponin/metabolism*

Adenosine Triphosphate ; Atropine ; Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography, Stress ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Myocardial Ischemia ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical effects of manipulative reduction with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis in treating distal tibiofibular fractures.

METHODSFrom 2009 to 2011, 60 patients with distal tibiofibular fractures were treated by manipulative reduction with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis. Among them, there were 32 males and 28 females aged from 14 to 70 years old with an average of 41.22 +/- 2.06. According to AO classification of fractures,5 cases were type A1, 22 cases were type A2,21 cases were type A3 and 12 cases were type C1. Operation time, blood loss,time of callus and fracture healing were observed, Mazur scoring of ankle joint were used to evaluate therapeutic.

RESULTSFifty-eight incisions were healed at stage I ,and 2 cases were infected at distal tibial. Operation time was with an average of (62.34 +/- 5.66) min ranged 45 to 90 min;blood loss was 30 to 150 ml with an average of (80.57 +/- 5.59) ml;formation of callus appeared from 4 to 12 weeks,with an average of (8.24 +/- 2.06) weeks, and fracture healing time was from 3 to 6 months, with an average of (4.50 +/- 1.13) months. According to Mazur scoring of ankle joint 40 cases got excellent results, 18 good, and 2 fair.

CONCLUSIONManipulative reduction with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis can obtain reliable fixation. It is a good choice of treating distal tibiofibular fractures by protecting blood supply of fractures.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience in the diagnosis and treatment of non-epithelial tissue tumor of urinary bladder.

METHODS>From 1953 to April 2002, a total of 28 patients with non-epithelial tissue tumor in 3 925 bladder tumor cases were analyzed.

RESULTSPainless gross hematuria, pelvic mass, urinary frequency and dysuria are symptoms of non-epithelial bladder tumor. Ultrasonic examination, computed tomography (CT) scan, cystoscopy and biopsy is used for diagnosis of the tumor. Seventeen of 28 patients (61.7%) were malignant neoplasms in 7 kinds of pathologic types, which was small cell carcinoma (5 cases), rhabdomyosarcoma (4 cases), leiomyosarcoma (4 cases), lymphoma (1 case), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (1 case), liposarcoma(1 case), melanoma (1 case) respectively. Eleven of 28 patients (39.3%) were benign tumors with 4 kinds of histologic types including 2 cases of cavernous hemangioma, 1 case of fibroma, 1 case of leiomyoma, 7 cases of pheochromocytoma. All benign tumor patients were treated with partial cystectomy, transurethral bladder tumor resect (TURBT) and fulguration. In 17 malignant neoplasms patients, 7 of them received partial cystectomy, 9 received radical cystectomy, and 1 patient's tumor was unresectable. Those malignant bladder tumor patient are followed up, but 3 years survival rates is only 8/17.

CONCLUSIONSNon-epithelial tissue tumor of the urinary bladder is rare with complicated pathologic types. Malignant neoplasms are more than benign tumors with very poor prognosis, benign tumors' prognosis is good. Diagnosis rate which was confirmed before operation is low. Dip biopsy under cystoscopy may enhance the diagnosis rate. Surgical treatment is the main therapy for non-epithelial tissue tumor of the urinary bladder. Because of the aggressive biologic behavior of malignant tumors, they should be identified promptly and treated appropriately. According to the histologic appearance radiotherapy and chemotherapy is mandatory in some cases.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cystectomy ; methods ; Cystoscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder ; pathology ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogenic and clinical characteristics of chemical burns in recent years, so as to provide reference for its prevention and treatment.

METHODSMedical records of patients with chemical burns out of 6299 burn patients admitted to our unit from January 1992 to December 2011 were screened and retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age, onset time of the injury, pre-hospital management, injury cause, injury-causing chemicals, body site of wound, burn area and depth, complications, treatment and follow-up results. The data of age distribution and incidence of complications were processed with chi-square test.

RESULTSInvestigation showed that 605 out of 6299 burn patients (accounting for 9.60%) were chemically injured. (1) Among the patients with chemical burns, the ratio of male to female was 5.11:1.00, with the mean age of 37.6 years, and the highest incidence occurred in patients aged from 20 to 29 years (29.42%, 178/605). The difference in the numbers of patients among different age groups was statistically significant (χ(2) = 207.298, P < 0.01). (2) Chemical burns mainly occurred in summer (28.43%, 172/605) and autumn (38.35%, 232/605). About 72.07% (436/605) of patients received irrigation before admission. (3) In 453 (74.88%) patients, injury occurred during industrial production. The main injury-causing chemicals were acid (46.61%, 282/605) and alkali (20.66%, 125/605), and among them the sulfuric acid accounted for the highest ratio (18.18%, 110/605). (4) The main wound positions of chemical burns were the limbs (289 patients) and the head, face, and neck region (263 patients). The mean burn area was 5.98% TBSA. The depth ranged from superficial partial-thickness to full-thickness. (5) Three hundred and forty-eight patients with chemical burns suffered common complications, including inhalation injury (154, 44.25%), ocular burns (113, 32.47%), and poisoning (81, 23.28%). There was statistically significant difference in the incidence of the three complications (χ(2) = 23.086, P < 0.01). (6) Five hundred and twenty-one patients were cured, with the cure rate of 86.12%, and 76.20% out of them healed with scars (397/521). Three patients died of poisoning, with a mortality of 0.50%.

CONCLUSIONSThe patients with chemical burns accounted for a high proportion of the burn patients admitted to our unit in the same period. The chemical burns mainly involved young males with the relatively close time of onset, and acid and alkali were the main causative factors in the process of industrial production. Most patients had the clinical features of deep wound, high incidence of complications, and liability of scar formation after wound healing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Burns, Chemical ; epidemiology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Young Adult