Objective To confirm the association between the“Tip-Apex Distance (TAD)”and cut-out of the lag screw from the femoral head.and to analyze other factors leading to the cut-out.Methods The complete radiographic and clinical data of 106 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures were available for this study. They were 65 men and 41 women,with an average age of 52.4 years (range,20 to 83 years).According to Evans classification.19 cases belonged to typeⅡ.25 to typeⅢ,32 to typeⅣ,29 to typeⅤ,and one to type R.The bone quality was classified by Singh rating system:44 cases were rated as typeⅥ.34 as typeⅤ,23 as typeⅣand five as typeⅢ.They were treated with open reduction and fixation with 135?dynamic hip screw (DHS).According to the finding of Baumgaertner that“TAD”beyond 25 mm would grcatly increase the risk of cut-out,the patients could be divided into two groups:59 cases with“TAD”less than 25 mm and 47 greater than 25 mm.Results The mean duration of follow-ups was 14.45 months (range,4.5 to 28.0 months).Of the 15 cases whose“TAD”was more than 30 mm,one had the cut-out.Of the seven cases whose“TAD”was more than 40 mm,two had the cut-out (P=0.000). The average age of the three patients was 78.7 years (range:75 to 83 years) and 27.1 years older than that of the 103 patients whose fracture healed (P=0.000).They belonged to the unstable intertrochanteric fracture of the femur (two to Evans type V and one to type R).The reduction was assessed as excellent in 43 cases,good in 47 cases,fair in nine cases (of whom one had the cut-out),poor in seven cases (of whom two had the cut-out). Conclusions The cut-out of the lag screw from the femoral head can be caused by age,fracture type and stability of reduction and“TAD”.The greater the“TAD”value,the greater possibility of cut-out.

By using ~3H—TdR incorporation and CTLL—2 cell line,we observed effects of RU486,anantagonist of type Ⅱ glucocorticoid receptor,on dexamethasone inhibition of lymphocyte prolifer-ation and interleukin—2(IL—2)production in rat spleen.It was shown that RU486 obviouslyantagonized the inhibitory actions of dexamethasone on lymphocyte proliferation and IL—2 pro-duction.By means of dot hybridization and Northern blot analysis,effects of dexamethasone andRU486 on IL—2 gene expression were investigated in lymphocytes of rat spleen.The datademonstrated that dexamethasone markedly decreased IL—2 mRNA production,RU486 alonedidn't affect IL-2 mRNA levels,but obviously reversed dexamethasone-mediated downregala-tion of IL—2 mRNA production in ConA—activated lymphocytes.These results suggest thatthe above effects of dexamethasone may be mediated by glucocorticoid receptor in lymphocytesof rat spleen.

Objective:To study the mechanisms that acupuncture therapy of "Shuanggu Yitong" in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMO).Methods:60female SD rats aged 6 months were resected bilateral ovaries and feeded for 90 days in order to make the model of experimental osteoporosis.Then,they were divided into 5 groups such as control group,regular acupoints treated group,"Shuanggu" group,"Yitong" group,"Shuanggu Yitong" group,with 12 rats each group,and the control group without any treatment;Pishu(BL 20),Weishu(BL 21),Shenshu(BL 23),Qihaishu(BL 24) was selected for the regular acupoints treated group;Guanyuan(RN 4),Zusanli(ST 36) for the "Shuanggu" group;and Shenshu(BL 23),Geshu(BL 17),Dazhu(BL 11) for the "Yitong" group;Guanyuan(RN 4),Zusanli(ST 36),Shenshu(BL 23),Geshu(BL 17),Dazhu(BL 11)for the "Shuanggu Yitong" group.Electroacupuncture therapy was given once a day,15 minutes each time,the needles were retained for 10 minutes.Then these rats rested for 1 day after consecutive therapy for 6 days.The therapy lasted for 12 weeks.RT-PCR was used to examine the expression level of interleukin-6(IL-6)mRNA in bone tissue.Results:Compared with control group,the expression level of IL-6mRNA in all acupuncture therapy groups decreased(P0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture can reduce the expression level of IL-6mRNA in osteoporosis model rats without ovaries and "Shuanggu Yitong" acupuncture therapy is superior to other regular acupuncture therapy.

AIM:To investigate the value of pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) and flash electroretinogram (FERG) in early diagnosis and prevention of diabetic retinopathy (DR), analyzing the correlation of early stage DR with PVEP and FERG.
METHODS: Sixty patients, 30 males and 30 females, participated in observation group. Their average age was 19. 42 ± 7. 78years. The duration of DM was < 5a. Best corrected visual acuity was 5. 0. Fasting blood glucose was 7. 8± 3. 6mmol/ L. There were 60 subjects, 30 males and 30 females, in control group. Their average age was 17. 2 ± 6. 52years. Best corrected visual acuity was 5. 0. Every participator was tested with PVEP and FERG according to ISCVE standard. The amplitude of PVEP and P100 latency were recorded. And the b-wave latency, b-wave amplitude, a - wave latency, a - wave amplitude were showed down.
RESULTS: In observation group, P100 amplitude decreased and P100 latency increased, compared to those of control group ( P< 0. 01); b - wave latency, b -wave amplitude, a - wave latency, a - wave amplitude were different from those in control group(P<0. 01); the fasting blood glucose kept stable; P100 amplitude, b -wave amplitude and a-wave amplitude were not related to the DM duration; P100 latency, a-wave latency and b-wave latency were related to the DM duration.
CONCLUSION: PVEP are sensitive to optic neuron damage; FERG is desirable to detect the lesion of Müller cells and bipolar cells. P100 amplitude by PVEP, b-wave amplitude by FERG may be the most sensitive parameter for DR at early stage.

Objective To investigate the effects of total anthraquinone in rheum on aquaporin 2 and aquaporin 4 expression in rat kidney and explore its diuresis mechanism.Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into control group,low dose group,medium dose group and high dose group.Total anthraquinone in rheum was administered to rats at different doses.Urinary volume of 24 h,Na+ concentration and osmolality were detected.Rats were sacrificed 5 days later.Blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta to detect blood biochemical indicators. Kidneys of rats were removed to detect AQP2, AQP4 expression through immunohistochemistry,Western blot,and RT-PCR. Results Compared with control group,there were significantly increased 24 h urine output of rats in medium and high dose group[(16.21±1.96),(18.16±1.8) ml vs(13.85±1.25)ml,P＜0.05].24 h urine output in low-dose group did not change significantly.AQP2 protein and mRNA expression were significantly decreased in rats'kidneys of medium and high dose group (P＜0.01),The AQP4 protein and mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in high dose group (P＜0.01).In medium does group,the AQP4 protein expression was down-regulated (P＜0.01),without significant decrease in the mRNA expression.Protein and mRNA expression of AQP2 and AQP4 did not significantly change in low dose group.Conclusion Total anthraquinone in rheum can reduce the expression level of AQP2 and AQP4 in rat kidney,which is probably one mechanism of diuresis caused by rheum.

Objective To sum up the experience of decompressive surgery for the acute massive hemispheric infarction to determine its beneficial effects.MethodsRetrospectively study 6 patients receiving early decompressive craniotomy because of deterioration after infarction.Results 5 patients survived,4 of them recovered to the good level of daily activity (Barthel index ≥60) one year after rehabilitation.One senile patient died of pulmonary infection.ConclusionThe decompressive surgery is an effective method on the survival and functionary recovery for the patients with deteriorating massive cerebral infarction.

Objective:To summarize the experiences of the surgical treatment of tumors in the posterior part of the third ventricle and pineal region. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with tumors in this region treated microsurgically from 1990 to 2000 were analyzed. The surgical indications, approaches, and operative key points were discussed. The prognostic factors were also analyzed. Results:Tumors were removed totally in 11 patients, removed subtotally in 7 and removed partially in 5. Biopsy and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was performed in 4 patients. Of 17 patients in follow-up, 13 patients survived longer than 5 years. Conclusions: Most tumors in the posterior part of the third ventricle and pineal region can be surgically removed.Sufficient specimen obtained in the operation can confirm pathologic property of the tumor,guiding next chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and relationships with c1inicopatho1ogica1 characteristics and their clinical significance. Methods The concentrations of serum VEGF and bFGF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in 40 patients with NSCLC before and after chemotherapy. Results The level of serum VEGF in patients with Ⅳ stage NSCLC was significantly higher than that of Ⅲ stage(P

BackgroundOsteopontin is highly expressed in many metastatic tumors,but its expression in uveal melanoma and the relationship of osteopontin with metastasis is still under investigation.Objective This study was to investigate the relationship between osteopontin expression and uveal melanoma metastatic potential.Methods Fifty samples of uveal melanoma were collected in Beijing Tongren Hospital.The expressions of osteopontin in the samples were detected using immunohistochemistry,and expressions of osteopontin mRNA in different metastatic potential uveal melanoma cell lines (MU M-2B,C918,OCM-1A) were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR).ResultsOsteopontin was positively expressed in 10 samples of 13 patients with metastasis and 14 samples of 37 patients without metastasis,showing a significant difference between them (x2=5.888,P=0.000).There were 11 samples and 13 samples exhibiting the positive expression of osteopontin in 15 epithelial type and 35 non-epithelial type of uveal melanoma respectively with the significant difference (x2=5.510,P =0.000).The positive expressing numbers of osteopontin were 20 tumors of 30 affected tumors and 4 tumors of 20unaffected ciliary tumors with the significant difference (x2 =10.470,P =0.000 ).No significant differences in the expression of osteopontige were found between different gender,age,eyes,largest basal diameters and invasion of scleral canal( P =0.536,0.256,0.802,0.848,0.555 ).The relative expression value of osteopontin mRNA was in turn 1.00±0.04,0.91 ±0.03,0.08±0.01 in MUM-2B,C918,OCM-1A with the significant difference among three cell lines( F=33.135,P＜0.05).The osteopontige mRNA expression was significant enhanced in high metastatic potentialcell lines( MUM-2B,C918 ) compared with low metastatic potential cell lines( OCM-1 A) (P＜0.05 ),but no significant difference was seen between two high metastatic potential cell lines(MUM-2B,C918) (P=0.804).Conclusions Osteopontige expression is associated with the uveal melanoma cell line invasion and metastasis potential.These results imply that osteopontige expression maybe an indicator of uveal melanoma invasion and metastasis ability.