Objective To study shorten the time of initial oral intake and fluid intake after general anesthesia in patients receiving oral and maxillofacial surgery,and to reduce the patient′s discomfort and adverse reactions and promote the postoperative recovery. Methods A total of 160 patients were divided into control group and observation group with 80 cases each by random digits table method from April to September in 2014. Patients in control group were allowed to take food orally 6 h after they emerged from anesthesia; while those in observation group were allowed to drink water after 2 h at emergence from anesthesia and take liquid food after 4 h. The mis-aspiration,the fasting glucose,blood pressure,heart rate and the rate of thirst,hunger,nausea,vomiting were observed. Results The rate of thirst, hunger, nausea, vomiting in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(4 cases vs. 73 cases, 15 cases vs. 76 cases, 10 cases vs. 29 cases, 1 case vs. 7 cases), and there were significant differences, P<0.05, χ2=119.19, 94.83, 12.24, 4.74.The fasting plasma glucose level in observation group was higher than that in control group:(4.82 ±0.74) mmol/L vs. (4.06 ±0.62) mmol/L, and there was significant difference, P<0.05, t=-7.04. The incidence of mis-aspiration was 0 in two groups. The blood pressure and heart rate in control group after operation were lower than those before operation, P<0.05,the t value of systolic pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate:-2.32,-2.03,-4.89 after operation of 1 h,-2.75,-10.54,-6.22 after operation of 3 h,-8.91,-14.76,-6.14 after operation of 5 h. There was no significant difference in blood pressure after operation of 1 h compared with that before operation in observation group, P>0.05, the t value of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure were-2.73,-2.56. Conclusion Shorten the time of taking food for patients undergoing the oral and maxillofacial surgery,in order to relieve uncomfortable symptoms,prevent hypoglycemia and the hemodynamic disturbance after anesthesia, and promote recovery,early postoperative feeding should be suggested on the premise that they are fully awake.

BACKGROUND: It has vedfied that seaweed polysacchande-agarose modifiers have their medical application value. OBJECTIVE: To perform skin regeneration trials using sprayable activated agarose/gelatin solution, and to explore the possibility of egarose modifier as skin dressing for skin regeneration. METHODS: To prepare 3% sprayable mixture with the dissolved activated agarose and gelatin at a certain ratio, and then filtrated with millopore for sterilization to prepare activated agarose (egarose degradation for 8 hours) and gelatin degradation, and made into different ratios (1: 0, 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3). A total of four rabbits were obtained, and four sites were selected on the back of each rabbit, totally 16 experimental sites. The sprayable activated agarose/gelatin mixture (1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3) was directly sprayed on the four lesion sites. Sprayable activated agarose for two sites and simple gelatin for two sites served as controls. The effects of the wounds sprayed with,dressing were observed at 4 weeks following surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 7 days following surgery, the cover film had broken in mixture of activated agarose and gelatin at 1: 3, and remaining three were intact. No infection or inflammation occurred in wound of four ratios. Following comparison, the wound was rapidly healed in 1: 2 ratio dressing. The additional gelatin showed promoting effects on wound healing significantly. Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated that skin with the dressing was similar to autologous skin, which verified that sprayable activated agarose/gelatin have a premise in skin regeneration.

Objective To study the changes of ambulatory blood pressure parameters after endovascular treatment.Methods The ambulatory blood pressure of 7 patients with artery stenosis was tested before and after endovascular treatment,and the coefficient of variation(CV)was calculated.Results All patients' blood pressures decreased after endovascular treatment.The CV of blood pressure of patients with internal carotid stent decreased,but the CV of blood pressure in patients with vertebro-basilar artery stent increased.Conclusion The effects of stent on blood pressure is far from clear.

Objective To observe the changes of serum soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and fibrinogen in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and to investigate the clinical predictive value of increased serum sCD40L and fibrinogen. Methods Serum sCD40L level of 60 AMI patients was determined by enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasma level of fibrinogen was measured. The patients were followed up for 2 years af-ter discharge from the hospital and were observed for cardiovascular event. Results AMI patients had higher sCD40L and fibrinogen levels than those of controls [(15.36±7.32) μg/L vs. (5.79±2.78) μg/L, (4.60±1.37)g/L vs. (3.03±0.82) g/L,P<0.001] ,which were significantly higher in the patients experiencing cardio-vascular event than those without cardiovascular event [(18.14±6.34) μg/L vs. (14.38±6.67) μg/L and (4.97±1.33)g/L vs. (4.20±1.24} g/L] (P<0.05). The patients with sCD40L≥14.5 μg/L or fibrinogen≥ 4.4 g/L experienced increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events (P<0.05). In AMI patients, sCD40L level was significantly higher in patients with diabetes than in nondiabetics [(18.38±6.71) μg/L vs. (14.46±6.48) μg/L, P<0.05)]. Fibrinogen level was related to sCD40L (r=0.27, P<0.05) and LVEF(r=-0.319, P<0.05). Conclusion Increased sCD40L and fibrinogen levels,which maybe related to the pathogenesis of AMI,can be found in AMI patients and can indicate an independent increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Diabetes is independently associated with elevated sCD40L level in AMI patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic effect of grain-sized moxibustion at "Xinshu" (BL 15) and "Shenshu" (BL 23) on early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) in transgenosis AD mice.

METHODSThe genotyping of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1(APP/PS1I) double-transgenic AD mice were detected by PCR method. Seventeen 1.5-month female transgenic (Tg 6799) mice were randomly divided into a model group (9 cases) and a treatment group (8 cases). Nine female C57BL/6J wild-type mice with identical age and background were selected into a normal group. The treatment group was treated with grain-sized moxibustion at bilateral "Xinshu" (BI. 15) and "Shenshu" (BL 23), once a day, ten treatments were considered as one course, and total 9 courses were given. The model group and normal group were treated with stimulus such as grabbing, immobilization and non-ignited moxa cone. Morris water maze (escape latency, crossing times and dwell time in the target quadrant) was applied to evaluate the learning and memory ability. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining was used to observe morphology changes in the brains of AD mice. beta-amyloid protein 1-42 (Abeta(1-42)) in the area of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSAfter the treatment of grain-sized moxibustion, learning and memory ability in the treatment group was increased; compared with the model group, the escape latency was shorten, crossing times was increased, and dwell time in the target quadrant was prolonged (all P<0. 05). The crossing times and dwell time in the target quadrant in the treatment group were not significantly different from those in the normal group (both P>0.05). Compared with the normal group, the positive area and integral optical density of Abeta(1-42) in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the model group were increased (all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the positive area and integral optical density of Abeta(1-42) in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the treatment group were reduced (P<0.01, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe grain-sized moxibustion at "Xinshu" (BL 15) and "Shenshu" (BL 23) could significantly improve the learning and memory ability in APP/PS1 double- transgenic AD mice, and inhibit the over expression and accumulation of Abeta(1-42).

Alzheimer Disease ; genetics ; metabolism ; psychology ; therapy ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Humans ; Learning ; Male ; Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Moxibustion ; Peptide Fragments ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex ; metabolism

Aim To investigate the effect of SA on induction of ERK1/2 activity in rat pulmonary smooth muscle cells(PASMCs).Methods Western blot analysis was employed to identify the activation of ERK1/2 stimulated by SA at different time points and concentrations in cultured rat PASMCs.Results An unexpected observation showed that ERK1/2 phosphorylation was seen after treatment of SA for 2h at a high concentration(30 ?mol?L-1) but not at lower concentration(from 1 nmol?L-1 to 1 ?mol?L-1).Activation of ERK1/2 pathway could be inhibited by an ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 or a protein kinase A(PKA) activator isoproterenol.Conclusion Together,these results suggest that SA has a strong dual regulating effect upon ERK1/2 through PKC and/or PKA pathways in rat PASMCs.

Objective To explore the symptomatic improvement of different achalasia (AC)subtypes after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) procedure.Methods A total of 33 patients received POEM for the first time were enrolled.Patients were evaluated by high-resolution manometry (HRM)and subtyped by Chicago classification criteria.The total scores of symptoms were evaluated by Eckardt scale before and after POEM.Solid food dysphagia,liquid dysphagia,reflux and chest pain were scored by five-point Likert scales and compared by Wilcoxon paired test.Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyze key factors affecting the prognosis of symptoms.Results Among 33 AC patients,there were 20 females and the mean age was (44.0± 13.3) years.According to Chicago criteria,four patients had subtype Ⅰ AC,25 patients had subtype Ⅱ AC,and four patients with subtype Ⅲ achalasia.Before operation,the total Eckardt score was 7.5(6.3,10.0),which declined to 1.5 (1.0,3.0) after operation,and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-4.795,P ＜ 0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of solid food/liquid dysphagia,reflux and chest pain among subtypies.Solid food dysphagia was the main symptom of each AC subtypes.POEM could improve all the symptoms of subtype Ⅱ AC except for chest pain.Before and after POEM,solid food dysphagia score was 16.0 (12.0,16.0) and 2.0 (1.0,12.0),liquid dysphagia score was 2.0 (0.0,5.0) and 0.0(0.0,0.0),reflux score was 9.0 (6.0,9.0) and 0.0 (0.0,1.0),respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (Z =-3.929,-3.470,1.841;all P＜ 0.01).The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that female and 4 s integrated relaxation pressure (4 s IRP) of 10 mL continuous swallows were positively correlated with symptom scores of solid food dysphagia (β 3.950,P=0.048;β=0.376,P=0.005);While 4 sIRP in solid food swallow was negatively correlated with symptom scores of solid food and liquid dysphagia (β=-0.244,P =0.008;β=-0.118,P =0.037).Conclusion For patients with AC,clinical symptoms could be significantly improved by single treatment of POEM,but there are certain differences in the symptomatic improvement among different subtypes.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for resectable stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Clinical trials of SBRT or surgery for resectable stage Ⅰ NSCLC were collected by computerized search of Cochrane Library,MEDLINE,EMbase,CBM,CNKI,and VIP.Literature selection,quality evaluation,and data extraction were performed by two inspectors based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.A meta-analysis was performed on the enrolled studies using RevMan 5.3 software.Results A total of four clinical trials involving 410 patients were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in 3-year overall survival rate between SBRT and surgery (RR=1.13,95％ CI=0.66-1.94,P=0.66);there was no significant difference in local control rate between SBRT and surgery (RR=0.71,95％ CI=0.26-1.93,P=0.50);patients treated with SBRT had significantly lower incidence rates of grade 3-4 adverse reactions than those treated with surgery (RR=0.29,95％ CI=0.16-0.53,P=0.000).Conclusions SBRT shows equivalent efficacy to surgery in the treatment of resectable stage Ⅰ NSCLC.However,due to the limitations in this systematic evaluation,the conclusion needs to be further confirmed by large randomized controlled trials.

Objective To investigate the rat bone structural changes of lower limb following lumbar nerve dorsal roots section.Methods Forty-eight mature female Wistar rats were divided into posterior radi- cotomy(PR)and comtrol groups randomly.The bilateral femoral bone mineral density(BMD)and biome- chanics characteristics were analyzed 2,4 and 8 weeks after the radicotomy.The same operation except the radicotomy was done in the sham group.Results In PR group,2,4,and 8 weeks after the radicotomy,the BMD of femur was(0.221?0.008)g/cm~3,(0.213?0.015)g/cm~3 ,and(0.216?0.105)g/cm~3 ,respective- ly;while that was(0.223?0.005)g/cm~3,(0.218?0.014)g/cm~3 ,and(0.208?0.111)g/cm~3 in control group.No significant difference was observed between the two groups(P＞0.05).In PR group,2,4,and 8 weeks after the operation,the mean maximum load in three-point bending test of femun midshaft was(93.64?8.76)N,(89.77?11.18)N and(93.21?8.74)N,respectively,and was lower than the values of the con- trol group at the same time point(95.94?6.29)N,(91.63?9.43)N,(95.57?8.64)N,However,there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Accordingly,there was no significant difference in the energy absorption in femun midshaft between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The selective rhizotomies of part lumbar never dorsal roots might not cause the loss of the femur BMD and the change of bio- mechanics property significantly in short period.

Objective: To investigate whether grain-sized moxibustion at Xinshu (BL15) and Shenshu (BL23) can alleviate cognitive decline and other pathologic features in early-stage Alzheimer disease (AD) using transgenic mice with 5 familial AD mutations (5XFAD). Methods: The genotype of transgenic mice was detected by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 40 transgenic mice (1.5 months old) were randomly and equally allocated to an AD model group (5XFAD group) or a grain-sized moxibustion group (5XFAD + GM group), with 20 wild-type (WT) mice (C57BL/6J) serving as the normal control group (WT group). Mice in the 5XFAD + GM group were treated by grain-sized moxibustion at bilateral Xinshu (BL15) and Shenshu (BL23). Mice in the WT group and 5XFAD group received no treatment but were restrained to ensure exposure to a similar experimental condition. Cognitive function and memory were assessed with the Morris water maze and Y-maze tests. The amyloid β 40 (Aβ40) and amyloid β 42 (Aβ42) levels in the brain were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; amyloid plaque deposition in brain tissue sections was detected by thioflavin-S staining; the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: In the Morris water maze test, compared with the 5XFAD group, mice in the 5XFAD + GM group had a shorter escape latency and more target area crossings and spent more time in the target quadrant (P<0.05). In the Y-maze test, compared with the 5XFAD group, the number of training times of the 5XFAD + GM group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), together with more correct responses (P<0.05). Compared with the 5XFAD group, the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the brain tissue of the 5XFAD + GM group were significantly lower (P<0.05); in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, the total number of amyloid β plaque deposition were significantly lower (P<0.05); the expression levels of GFAP and CD11b were significantly reduced (P<0.05); and the expression levels of ChAT and BDNF were significantly increased (P<0.05).Conclusion: Grain-sized moxibustion at Xinshu (BL15) and Shenshu (BL23) greatly improves learning and memory functions, decreases the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42, inhibits amyloid β plaque deposition, decreases the expression of GFAP and CD11b, and increases the expression of ChAT and BDNF in AD mice to inhibit the progression of AD.