OBJECTIVETo investigate how network education can improve college students' knowledge on sexual and reproductive health in Ningbo city.

METHODSFrom December 2012 to June 2013, we conducted a questionnaire investigation among college students in Ningbo city about the effects of network education on their knowledge about sexual psychology, sexual physiology, sexual ethics, and reproductive health.

RESULTSA total of 7 362 college students accomplished the investigation, of whom 2 483 (42.1% males and 57.9% females) received network education, while the other 4 879 (24.1% males and 75.9% females) did not. Approximately 47.1% of the male and 28.0% of the female students acquired sexual and reproductive knowledge via network education. Reproductive health-related network education significantly enriched the students' knowledge about the reproductive system and sex, pubertal development, sexual physiology, conception and embryonic development, methods of contraception, sexual psychology, sexually transmitted diseases and their prevention, pregnancy care and eugenics, and environment- and occupation-related reproductive health (P < 0.01). It also remarkably improved their cognitive attitude towards reproductive health knowledge (P < 0.01). Those who received reproductive health-related network education showed a significantly higher rate of masturbation (P < 0.01) but markedly later time of the first masturbation (P < 0.01) than those who did not.

CONCLUSIONNetwork education can enhance the effect of reproductive health education among college students and improve their sexual experience and health.

China ; Contraception ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Masturbation ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior ; physiology ; psychology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities

OBJECTIVETo select optimal media and conditions for the tissue culture of Dendrobium lituiforum.

METHODThe basic media, light illumination condition, phytohormone, and natural aqueous extracts. were tested and compared. The chlorophyll contents and soluble protein contents were measured.

RESULTN6 medium was suitable for embryo germination and growth. 1/2 MS + NAA 0.5 mg x L(-1) cordd be used as the optimal protocorm multiplying media. Culture 20 days in darkness in advance, and then in light is useful to embryo germinate. 1/2 MS+ NAA 0-0.5 mg x L(-1) is beneficial to protocorm multiplication largely. N6 + 6-BA 2.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.5 mg x L(-1) + 10% potato juice is useful to protocorm differentiation. Phytohormone and potato juice added to the media promoted chlorophyll content and souble protein content. N6 + NAA 0.5 mg x L(-1) + 10% banana juice is the best medium for plantlet rootage and strengthening.

CONCLUSIONConcentration of inorganic salt, nitrogen source and illumination condition are important to embryo germination and growth. The nitrogen source type has effect on the protocorm multiplication. The chlorophyll contents and souble protein contents may be index to indicate the growth condition of plantlets, which can help to select the optimal media.

Chlorophyll ; analysis ; Culture Media ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Light ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Proteins ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Tissue Culture Techniques

OBJECTIVE[corrected] To study the cyclic peptides from Psammosilene tunicoides.

METHODThe constituents were separated and purified with chromatographic methods, identified by NMR, MS, UV and IR.

RESULTThree cyclic dipeptides: cyclo(-Pro-Val-) (1), cyclo(-Pro-Ala-) (2) and cyclo(-Pro-Pro-) (3), were isolated and identified.

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 and 2 are new natural products, compound 3 was isolated for the first time from Psammosilene tunicoides.

Caryophyllaceae ; chemistry ; Dipeptides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Peptides, Cyclic ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible role of valproic acid therapy in the development of the weight gain and hyperinsulinemia of epileptic patients.

METHODSThe weight and fasting insulin levels were measured in 43 epileptic patients treated with valproic acid (VPA) alone and 39 patients with carbamazepine (CBZ) alone for at last 2 years. The body mass index (BMI) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index were studied in the two groups.

RESULTBMI was higher in the VPA-treated group (23.47+/-1.45) than that in the CBZ-treated group (22.27+/-2.10, P<0.05). Fasting insulin level and HOMA index in the VPA group were also higher [(6.64+/-0.79)mU/L and 1.33+/-0.21] than those in the CBZ group [(5.52+/- 0.52)mU/L, P<0.01; 1.15+/-0.12, P<0.01]. While BMI in the VPA group showed no significant correlation with plasma concentration and dose of valproate.

CONCLUSIONVPA therapy is associated with significantly greater weight gain and hyperinsulinemia, suggesting development of insulin resistance.

Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Valproic Acid ; adverse effects ; Weight Gain ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of levels and clinic significance of serum soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble FasL (sFasL) in coal workers' pneumonoconiosis.

METHODSSerum levels of sFas and sFasL were determined in 52 patients with silicosis, 57 coal workers' pneumonoconiosis, 46 healthy underground coal workers' (the underground control group) and 40 healthy volunteers working on the ground (the ground control group) with a sandwich ELISA.

RESULTSCompared to the underground control and the ground control group, the serum levels of sFas and sFasL in the patients with silicosis and the coal workers' pneumonoconiosis were significantly higher (P < 0.01). Serum levels of sFas and sFasL in the underground control group were significantly higher than those in the ground control group (P < 0.01); Serum sFas levels in coal workers' pneumonoconiosis was significantly higher than those in the patients with silicosis (P < 0.01). Although the serum sFasL levels was also increased, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). In the patients with silicosis and the coal workers' pneumonoconiosis patients, the serum sFas levels in Phase I patients combined with emphysema and simple Phase II + III patients were significantly higher than those in simple Phase I patients (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the serum sFasL levels among various groups with different parameters of pneumonoconiosis. In the patients with silicosis and the coal workers' pneumonoconiosis, serum levels of sFas and sFasL were not significantly altered among different duration of exposure to dusts. There was no correlation between serum levels of sFas and sFasL in the patients with silicosis while there was a slightly positive correlation between sFas and sFasL levels in the coal workers' pneumonoconiosis (r = 0.479, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn the patients with silicosis and the coal workers' pneumonoconiosis, the serum levels of sFas and sFasL are abnormal and associated with the development of the pneumonoconiosis. The changes of serum sFas levels may indicate the development and progression of the pneumonoconiosis. The detection of the serum sFas level may be used in the differential diagnosis for the silicosis and the coal worker's pneumonoconiosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Coal Mining ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fas Ligand Protein ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; blood ; Silicosis ; blood ; fas Receptor ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate Bcl-2/Bax gene expression in different types of carotid plaque, and examine the relationship between gene expression and atherosclerotic plaque instability and the main cause of brain ischemic events.

METHODSTotally 42 human carotid plaque specimens obtained during carotid endarterectomy were divided into stable group (n=19) and unstable group (n=23) based on histopathological studies (HE staining). Eight aortic arteries and their branches from hepatic transplantation donors were taken as control group. Bcl-2/Bax was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining (n=42) and in situ hybridization (ISH) (n=25, stable 13/unstable 12).

RESULTSBcl-2 gene expression, which was expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMC), endothelial cells (EC), macrophages (MP) and foam cells, was detected in 20 and 9 cases in unstable plaque while 11 and 4 cases in stable plaque by IHC and ISH, respectively (P < 0.05). Bax, which was expressed in SMC and MP, was detected in 18 and 11 cases in unstable plaque, while 8 and 5 cases in stable plaque by IHC and ISH, respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression rate of Bcl-2/Bax in unstable plaques was higher than in stable plaques. Bcl-2 was one of the elements that maintain plaque stability whereas Bax was one element that facilitates plaque instability. Therefore, Bcl-2/Bax expression in different stage of atherosclerosis may be one of the molecule regulation mechanisms in carotid atherosclerosis.

Apoptosis ; genetics ; Carotid Arteries ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; metabolism ; Carotid Stenosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; Humans ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Up-Regulation ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein

The triterpenoids of Dichrocephala benthamii were investigated by means of silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. Nine triterpenoids were isolated from D. benthamii. By analysis of the EI-MS, NMR spectra and comparison to the data reported in literatures, the structures of these compounds were determined as β-amyrin formiate (1), β-amyrin acetate (2), β-amyrenol (3), β-amyrone (4), 3β-hydroxy-olean-11, 13 (18)-diene (5) , Δ12-oleanene (6) , friedelin (7), dammaradienyl acetate (8), epi-friedeband (9), respectively. Compounds 1-8 were isolated for the first time form this genus, compound 9 was isolated for the first time from this plant, whereas β-amyrin formiate (1) was a new natural product.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo explore cell death and apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons at different time points after ischemia, hypoxia and reperfusion injury and to elucidate time window characteristics in ischemia neuronal injury.

METHODSHippocampal neurons were obtained from rat embryo and were cultured in vitro. The ischemia and reperfusion of cultured rat hippocampal neurons were simulated by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and recovery. OGD at different time points (0.25 h to 3.0 h) and then the same recovery (24 h) were prepared. Annexin V-PI staining and flow cytometry examined neuron death and apoptosis at different time after injury.

RESULTSAfter OGD and recovery, both necrosis and apoptosis were observed. At different times after OGD, there were statistically significant differences in neuron necrosis rate (P < 0.05), but not in apoptosis rate (P > 0.05). At recovery, survival rate of hippocampal neurons further decreased while apoptosis rate increased. Furthermore, apoptosis rates of different time differed greatly (P < 0.05). Apoptosis rate gradually increased with significant difference among those of different time points (P < 0.05). However, 2 h after ischemia, apoptosis rate decreased markedly.

CONCLUSIONSApoptosis is an important pathway of delayed neuron death. The therapeutic time window should be within 2 h after cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Brain Ischemia ; pathology ; Cell Death ; physiology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetus ; cytology ; Flow Cytometry ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; Neurons ; pathology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal ; Probability ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; pathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the bone-implant interfaces of two kinds of implants with different surfaces in different time in vivo.

METHODSCDIC and ITI-TPS solid-screw cylinder pure titanium implants were selected and implanted in the regions of posterior molars of rhesus monkeys. 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 1 year after surgery, the bone-implant interfaces were evaluated respectively through oral examination, X-ray inspection, light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation.

RESULTSNone of the implants was loose. Soft tissue around implants appeared no inflammation. There were no apparent transparent shadow around the implants interfaces in X-ray photos except little angle-shaped absorption was showed in neck region of CDIC implants of one-month. New bone was observed around implants of one-month through light microscope and SEM. More bone growing around ITI implants were seen than that around CDIC implants except the interfaces of one-year.

CONCLUSIONThe osseointegration of ITI implants are better than that of CDIC implants during three months after implanting without loading. The bone formation at the interfaces of ITI and CDIC implants has no significant difference after one year without loading.

Animals ; Dental Implants ; Macaca mulatta ; Molar ; Osseointegration ; Titanium

OBJECTIVETo study the expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) in peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) and to explore the underlying molecular characteristics.

METHODSTwenty-one cases of PTCL-NOS were enrolled into the study. The tumor presented either as nodal (15/21) or extranodal (6/21) disease. TaqMan low density array was used to assess the expression level of 754 miRNAs in six cases of PTCL-NOS and three control cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Prediction of target genes for significant and differential expression of miRNAs was carried out using Targetscan and miRanda software. Bioinformatics tools were employed for GO-Analysis and Pathway-Analysis of target genes. The expression patterns of the three miRNAs were further analyzed in the remaining 15 cases of PTCL-NOS and 10 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, using single tube Taqman miRNA assays.

RESULTSEight miRNAs showed statistically significant difference in expression between PTCL-NOS and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. miR-886-3p, miR-511, miR-1291, miR-572, miR-27a-3p, miR-25-3p and miR-886-5p were significantly overexpressed in PTCL-NOS while miR-182-5p was significantly underexpressed (P < 0.05). Target gene prediction showed that 1646 candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of PTCL-NOS. Further GO and Pathway-Analyses found that these genes significantly focused on 63 GO terms and 61 pathways. The results of three miRNA qRT-PCR confirmed that miR-572 and miR-1291 expression in PTCL-NOS had statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONSEight miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in PTCL-NOS, which may be involved in molecular regulation during the development of PTCL-NOS. The underlying mechanism is also related to a number of target genes and signaling pathways.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Pseudolymphoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult