Adolescent ; Adult ; Amnion ; transplantation ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous ; Eye Burns ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Injuries ; therapy ; Young Adult

Recently,study on cencer stem cells has been a focus of study.Cancer stem cell is a small population of cencer cells possessing the properties of stem cells:self-renewal,differentiation and proliferation.To date,the existence of cancer stem cells has been proven in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia,breast cancer,brain tumors,liver cancer and colon cancer,etc..In this article we reviews the current progress on cancer stem cells,including the defination,existing evidence,research methods, and challenges in clinical application.

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy, also called extracorporeal photopheresis, or ECP for short, is now an effective method to treat and prevent patients from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). It is generally accepted that the mechanism of ECP is to induce immune tolerance. Further researches show that ECP acts on several stages of GVHD by means of many complex mechanisms. Firstly, ECP induces apoptosis of T lymphocytes, inhibiting T cells from differentiating and proliferating, and promoting regulatory T cells. Besides, it also adjusts the number and proportion of helper T cells. Secondly, ECP affects antigen presenting cells. It induces apoptosis and inhibits maturation of antigen presenting cells. At the same time it affects the ability to process and present antigens of antigen presenting cells. Thirdly, ECP adjusts the cytokine secretion, in order to inhibit inflammatory response. This review discusses why ECP can treat and prevent patients from GVHD via the three aspects mentioned above.
Apoptosis ; Graft vs Host Disease ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Photopheresis ; methods

Objective To analyze the relevance between blood lactic acid level and acutephysiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ ) score in order to provide guideline for clinical treatment.Methods Retrospective analyses on 537 critically ill elderly patients who were hospitalized in the ICU with their blood lactic acid level tested and APACHE Ⅱ scores calculated.Results The overall death rate was 35.75％ (192/537) with the APACHE Ⅱ score as (22.6 ± 12.8),and blood lactic acid level as (6.84 ± 2.01 ) mmol/L.The blood lactic acid level among deaths was obviously higher than in the control group,with significant differences (P＜0.05).The level of blood lactic acid was positively related to APACHE Ⅱ score (r=0.572,P＜0.05) while the death rate was both positively related to APACHE Ⅱ score (r=0.475,P＜0.05) and the level of blood lactic acid (r=0.506,P＜0.05).Conclusion There seemed a positive correlation between blood lactic acid level and the APACHE Ⅱscore.Both of them showed good relevancc with thc prognosis of the disease.

Objective To explore the safety of the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells(PBSC)by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)in elderly donors.Methods 28 peripheral arteriosclerotic occlusive disease(PAOD)elderly patients(aged≥60 years),and 29 healthy sibling young/adult donors(aged＜60 years)for peripheral allogenic stem cell transplantation were included.Blood samples were collected immediately before starting G-CSF and prior to PBSC collection to analyze the following parameters:the WBC counts,fibrinogen(FIB),D-dimer (D-D),thrombin antithrombin complex(TAT),antithrombin(AT)and yon Willebrand factor antigen(vWF:Ag). Results It had a very significant increase in D-D and vWF:Ag and a very significant decrease of AT(P＜0.01),af- ter mobilization by G-CSF,and a increase in FIB and TAT were also observed(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)in elderly group.In the young/aduh group,the increase in FIB was significant(P＜0.05).The elevating extent of D-D and TAT after G-CSF administration was significantly higher in elderly group than that in young/adult group(P＜0.05).Compared to young/adult group,there was a significant increase in thrombotic events and cerebrovascular ac- cident(P＜0.05).Conclusion In PBCS donorsreceiving G-CSF it reveals activation of both coagulation and en- dothelial cells and inhibition of anticoagulant system that can favor the developing of thrombotic events,which is more remarkable in elderly donors.Therefore a careful monitoring for coagulation system should be considered in those elderly cases.

The Rh blood group system is one of the most complex of the known human blood group polymorphisms, including above 45 blood group antigens. Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular basis of Rh in the past 10 years. The bases of Rh inheritance, RH gene and its evolution, the structure and function of Rh complex, as well as nonerythroid Rh homolog, have been determined. Further improvements have been made in the technology of Rh genotyping. The review provides an update on the advance of Rh blood group to give information in the practice of forensic science.
Blood Group Antigens/genetics* ; Blood Proteins/immunology* ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method which processes RHCE genotyping with PCR. METHODS: Using PCR-SSP to detect RHCE genotype in 200 cases of Han population in north of China and Li population in south of China and detecting 5 samples of parentage testing at the same time. RESULTS: The results of RHCE genotyping in individuals of two populations are completely accorded with the results of serology typing. And the distribution of RH genotypic frequency in Han population in north China is: RHCCEE 1, RHCCEe 3, RHCCee 88, RHCcEE 4, RHCcEe 20, RHCcee 54, RHccEE 1, RHccEe 22, RHccee; The distribution of RH genotypic frequency in Li populatin in south China is RHCCEE 2, RHCCEe 2, RHCCee 106, RHCcEE 7, RHCcEe 62, RHCcee 10, RHccEE 3, RHccEe 8. The results of RHCE genotype detecting of parentage testing samples are accorded with the results of associated identification of 13 STR loci. CONCLUSION PCR-SSP technology can exactly detect RHCE genotype in individuals of Han population in north China and Li population in south China.
Alleles ; Asian People/genetics* ; China/ethnology* ; DNA/blood* ; DNA Primers ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/genetics*

Objective:To develop a novel regulable sutureless aortic arch prosthesis and to apply it in an animal experimental study.Methods:The arch skeleton of the prosthesis was made of tandem Z-shape NiTiNOL wire;the branch skeleton was made of laser-cut NiTiNOL tube;and the whole skeleton was coated with thin ePTFE film.The blood vessel was anastomosed by di- rect ligature,needing no manual suturing.The prosthesis was applied in swine aortic arch operations under the bypass condi- tion.The practicality for surgery and the feasibility of anastomosis of the prosthesis were assessed.Results:Aortic arch opera- tions were successfully performed in 6 of the 8 experimental animals.The prostheses were easy to use,and the mean bypass time was only 10 min.The blood loss of the anastomoses was less than 100 ml within 8 h postoperatively in 5 animals;one had more blood loss due to prosthesis mismatch.Conclusion:The novel regulable sutureless aortic arch prosthesis has satisfactory practicality for surgery and reliable anastomosis,making it promising in future clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the resectable rate of advanced gastric cancer characterized by abdominal lymph node metastases with the arteriovenous neoadjuvant FLEOX chemotherapy plus appropriate nutritional support.

METHODSArteriovenous neoadjuvant FLEOX chemotherapy was administered to 50 patients of gastric cancer with advanced abdominal lymph node metastases. Of the 50 patients, 42 had never received any previous therapy and preoperative CT scanning revealed unresectable tumors because of advanced lymph node (station No.3, 7, 9, 12) or distant lymph node (No.14,16) metastases. The other 8 were characterized with relapse of severe lymph node metastases or with unresectable lymph node metastases demonstrated by exploratory laparotomy. Arteriovenous neoadjuvant FLEOX chemotherapy was conducted as follows: from day 1 to day 5, 5-FU 370 mg/m(2) and leukovorin 30 mg/kg intravenously, at day 6 and day 20, CDDP 70 mg/m(2) and epotoside 70 mg/m(2) intraarterially. This FLEOX regimen was repeated every five weeks for two or three courses. Out of the 50 patients,12 malnutritional cases received parenteral and/or enteral nutritional support according to the nutritional condition. Arteriovenous neoadjuvant FLEOX chemotherapy was then administered after the improvement of nutritional state. Their nutritional support methods were adapted to their chemotherapy as well.

RESULTSAll the patients' general conditions and symptoms were improved significantly. For the 50 cases, the imageological and histological response rate (CR+PR) was 84.0%, and curative resection rate was 78.0%. Thus, 39 patients underwent subtotal or total gastrectomy, even combined organ resection, with D(2)+alpha or D(3) lymphadenectomy. Despite neoadjuvant chemotherapy, all malnutritional cases had significant weight gain after nutritional support, and other nutritional indexes,such as serum albumin, also resumed to normal.

CONCLUSIONArteriovenous neoadjuvant FLEOX chemotherapy proves favorable therapeutic effect for gastric cancer with advanced abdominal lymph node metastases, and downstages inoperable metastatic lymph nodes for radical operation. This combined modality regimen and nutritional support may play an important role in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; methods ; Nutritional Support ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and safety of fast-track surgery(FTS) in patients with colorectal cancer.

METHODSOne hundred and sixteen patients with colorectal cancer underwent colorectal operation between June 2006 and May 2008. FTS procedures were used in these patients during the study period. Data were retrospectively analyzed pertaining to post-operative hospital stay and operative complications.

RESULTSThe median postoperative hospital stay was (5.6+/-5.4)(range 1-54) d. Fourteen patients(12.1%) had postoperative complications, in which the rate of anastomotic leakage and wound infection was 1.7% and 2.6% respectively. 30-day readmission rate was 1.7%, and the 30-day mortality was 0.9%.

CONCLUSIONFast-track surgery is feasible in an unselected patient population undergoing elective colorectal cancer resection without compromising surgical outcomes.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Care ; methods ; Retrospective Studies