This study investigated the effect of puerarin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) injured with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). HUVEC were divided into three groups: a control group, a model group (H₂O₂ 400 μmol·L^-1) and a puerarin-treated group (3, 10, 30 and 100 μmol·L^-1). HUVEC were cultured with varied concentration of puerarin for 2 h and treated with H₂O₂ for another 24 h. Cell proliferation was detected by a CCK-8 assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by a JC-1 fluorescent probe. A transwell chamber assay was adopted to observe cell migration ability. Mitochondrial respiratory function was measured in a two-chamber titration injection respirometer (Oxygraph-2k). The expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of pyroptosis-mediated proteins, including cleaved-cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1), N-gasdermin D (N-GSDMD), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) was detected by Western blot. The results show that 400 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ treatment for 24 h causes obvious damage to HUVEC. Compared with the model group, puerarin protected against cellular injury in a dose-dependent manner, with the greatest effect at a dose of 30 and 100 μmol·L^-1. Puerarin significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and improved mitochondrial function. Puerarin inhibited cell migration induced by H₂O₂, suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α, and down-regulated the pyroptosis-mediated protein. These changes are statistically significant (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that puerarin has a protective effect against H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage of HUVEC by inhibiting the migration of HUVEC cells. The mechanism may be related to improved mitochondrial respiratory function and inhibition of pyroptosis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of abdominal cocoon.

METHODSClinical data of 203 cases with abdominal cocoon including 7 cases in our hospital and 196 cases reported in Chinese literature from January 1995 to June 2005 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe male to female ratio was approximately 1.2:1. The mean age at diagnosis was 33 years. The main clinical manifestations included recurrent acute or chronic intestinal obstruction in 147 cases (72.4%), abdominal mass in 53 cases (26.1%). Of the 203 cases, abdominal plain X-ray were performed in 163, B-ultrasound in 85, CT in 68 and barium meal in 32 cases, however, only 6 cases (3.0%) were diagnosed as abdominal cocoon preoperatively. All the cases received operations included partial or total excision of the membrane and enterolysis in 172 cases (84.7%), together with bowel resection in 34 cases (16.7%) and appendectomy in 51 cases (25.1%). Postoperative complications included recurrent obstruction in 55, and death in 11 cases (5.4%).

CONCLUSIONSThe preoperative diagnosis of abdominal cocoon is difficult. Operations should be performed on the cases with intestine obstruction. Recurrent adhesive intestinal obstruction is the main postoperative complication.

Abdominal Cavity ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Ultramicroelectrode was usually used in scanning electrochemical microscope(SECM) as a probe. The redox reaction on the probe is a diffusion process. But the fast moving of probe in SECM will affect the diffusion process, resulting in unclear obtained images. A new SECM image-processing technique was proposed in this paper involving combination of LoG algorithm and New edge-directed interpolation (NEDI) interpolation algorithm. LoG algorithm is helpful for the clarity of SECM images, but leading to some loss of edge information. Fortunately, NEDI algorithm based on edge directed interpolation can solve this problem well. Two substrates with gold interdigitated electrode and gold electrode array were prepared by ion sputtering method. The SECM images were obtained of the gold interdigitated electrode, gold electrode array and ITO substrate printed with fingerprints. The corresponding images treated by LoG filter and these for NEDI interpolation were compared and analyzed. The image-processing technique combining the LoG algorithm with the NEDI interpolation algorithm can significantly improve the clarity and resolution of SECM image.

Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) is a key enzyme in the regulation of triterpenes biosynthesis and plays an important role in ginsenoside biosynthesis. In this study, two IDI genes, PvfIDI1 (GenBank No. MZ736417) and PvfIDI2 (GenBank No. MZ736418) were cloned from Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus. The open reading frame of both PvfIDI1 and PvfIDI2 was 924 bp encoding 307 amino acids. The molecular weights of PvfIDI1 and PvfIDI2 were 34.84 kDa and 34.66 kDa, respectively, with theoretical pIs of 6.01 and 5.66. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that PvfIDI1 and PvfIDI2 contained two conserved sequences: TNTCCSHPL and WGEHELDY. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PvfIDI1 and PvfIDI2 were closely related to Panax notoginseng IDI. Expression analysis showed that both PvfIDI1 and PvfIDI2 genes are expressed in root, rhizome, stem and leaf of P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus. However, PvfIDI1 is highly expressed in the rhizome and PvfIDI2 is highly expressed in the stem. PvfIDI1 and PvfIDI2 recombinant proteins were expressed in E. coli; a functional coloration experiment showed that PvfIDI1 and PvfIDI2 could promote the accumulation of lycopene, indicating that both PvfIDI1 and PvfIDI2 encode functional IDI enzymes. The cloning and functional studies on PvfIDI1 and PvfIDI2 provide a foundation for the further study of IDI and the regulation of ginsenoside biosynthesis in P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus.

This study aimed to evaluate the vasorelaxant effect and mechanisms of compound reserpine and triamterene tablets (CRTTs) and its component triamterene on isolated rat thoracic aorta rings. Isolated rat thoracic aorta rings pre-contracted by high potassium or norepinephrine (NE) were used to evaluate the vasodilatory effect of CRTTs and its component triamterene. The mechanisms concerning endothelium, potassium channels and calcium channels were studied through the interventions of several tool drugs. Animal welfare and experimental procedures followed the requirements of the Laboratory Animal Management and Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. The results showed that both CRTTs and triamterene had potent relaxant effect on KCl and NE pre-contracted vessels. Triamterene showed partial endothelium dependency, and N-nitro-L-argininemethyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) could influence the relaxant effect, which may be related to the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels. Meanwhile, CRTTs could inhibit intracellular Ca²⁺ release and extracellular Ca²⁺ influx. Overall, CRTTs and its component triamterene have vasorelaxant effects on vessels in vitro, and the vasorelaxant effect of CRTTs may be related to intracellular Ca²⁺ release and extracellular Ca²⁺ influx, while this effect of triamterene may depend on vascular endothelial function and may also be related to the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of MUM-1/IRF4 and its significance in follicular lymphoma.

METHODSNinety-eight cases of follicular lymphoma were enrolled into the study. They were graded according to the 2008 WHO criteria. The expression of MUM-1/IRF4 protein and other markers (CD10, bcl-6, bcl-2 and Ki-67) was studied using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSAmongst the 98 cases studied, there were 24 grade 1 cases, 30 grade 2 cases, 26 grade 3A cases and 18 were grade 3B cases. The rates of expression of MUM-1/IRF4, CD10, bcl-6, bcl-2 and Ki-67 (≥ 25%) were 39.8% (39/98), 62.2% (61/98), 80.6% (79/98), 87.8% (86/98) and 50.0% (49/98), respectively. MUM-1/IRF4 predominantly expressed in high-grade follicular lymphoma and showed a significantly positive correlation with lymphoma grade (r = 0.628, P = 0.000) and Ki-67 index (r = 0.473, P = 0.000). MUM-1/IRF4 expression had a significantly negative correlation with CD10 expression (r = -0.597, P = 0.000), but no correlation with bcl-6 and bcl-2 expression.

CONCLUSIONSMUM-1/IRF4 expression is significantly higher in high-grade follicular lymphoma, indicating that these cases have a high proliferative activity, more aggressive behavior and poorer prognosis. MUM-1/IRF4, when strongly expressed, is another helpful marker for the diagnosis of high-grade follicular lymphoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6

Priapism is rare on clinical condition with complicated pathogenesis which is very difficult to cure. The paper reported a case of a long-time priapism, complicated local skin necrosis, which was caused by circumcision. After the failure of routine therapy, we treated the patient with traditional Chinese therapy, such as TCM herbs combined with bone scraping and depletion therapy, and achieved the satisfactory effect.
Adult ; Circumcision, Male ; adverse effects ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Necrosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the FDG uptake characteristics, the factors affecting 18F-FDG uptake and the extra CT diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT scan in the malignant tumor with false negative 18F-FDG PET image.

METHODSThe data of PET/CT image in 17 patients with various kinds of cancers were reviewed and analyzed by visual observation and semi-quantity analysis ( SUV). The results were compared with the CT and histopathological diagnosis, respectively.

RESULTSOf 6 well-differentiated HCC patients confirmed by histopathological diagnosis, one had two lesions in the right lobe of the liver. One of these two lesions showed low FDG uptake on 18F-FDG PET scan and low density on CT scan. The other one was not shown on either 18F-FDG PET or plain CT scan. But on enhanced CT scan, these two lesions were found to be inhomogeneous with high density at arterial phase. The false negative 18F-FDG PET images of one gastric signet ring cell carcinoma in the gastric fundus with right adnexa metastasis, 3 renal cell carcinoma, one greater omentum and peritoneal metastatic adenocarcinoma and one well-differentiated prostate cancer were caused by normal physical uptake in the digestive tract or FDG retention in the urinary system due to normal excretion. The size of three metastases was smaller than or equal to 1 cm in diameter, however, two primary lesions of these metastases showed high FDG uptake and only one was negative on either 18F-FDG PET or CT scan. In this series, 68.8% of the primary tumors and 66.7% of metastases were found to show abnormal density on CT scan, and 31. 2% of the primary tumors and 33. 3% of metastases were not detectable on either PET or CT images.

CONCLUSIONFalse negative 18F-FDG PET in malignant tumor may be correlated with the pathologic type, differentiation degree and the lesion size. Combining CT information with PET or paying attention to the scan methods during 8 F-FDG PET examination may reduce the rate of false negative 18F-FDG PET diagnosis in various kinds of malignant tumors.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; False Negative Reactions ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Omentum ; diagnostic imaging ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) plays an important role in the development of hormone-dependent cancers, but its roles in lung cancer remain elusive. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of ERRα on the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer A549 cells. The mRNA and protein levels of ERRα were detected in lung cancer A549 and MCF-7 cells and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. ERRα plasmid transfection and XCT-790 (an inverse agonist of ERRα) were used to up-regulate or down-regulate ERRα expression in A549 cells, respectively. The viability of A549 cells was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and the motility of A549 cells by wound healing assay and Transwell migration/invasion assay. The epithelial markers E-cadherin (E-Cad) and zona occludin-1 (ZO-1), the mesenchymal markers fibronectin (FN) and vimentin (Vim) and the transcription factors (Snail, Zeb1 Twist and Slug) were further detected at mRNA and protein levels by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The results showed that ERRα promoted the growth of lung cancer A549 cells in vitro. XCT-790 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 cells. Over-expression of ERRα promoted the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of A549 cells, down-regulated the epithelial makers E-Cad and ZO-1, and up-regulated the mesenchymal makers FN and Vim. Silencing of Slug, but not other transcription factors, significantly abolished the ERRα-induced EMT of A549 cells. It was suggested that ERRα promoted the migration and invasion of A549 cells by inducing EMT, and Slug was involved in the process. Targeting ERRα might be an efficient approach for lung cancer treatment.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, Estrogen ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo assess the clinical efficacy and safety of cellulose on functional constipation.

METHODSA prospective, self-controlled, multicenter clinical trial of cellulose was conducted for 2 weeks in 240 patients with functional constipation according to the Rome III( criteria. Symptoms and characters of feces before and after the treatment were observed and evaluated according to a score scheme.

RESULTSIn the 240 patients, the frequencies of defecation increased and the characters of feces was improved significantly after 2-week treatment. There were no adverse reactions observed throughout the clinical trial. The total efficacy was 82.1% at day 7 and 90.7% at day 14. The satisfactory rate of doctors was 83.8% and of patients was 83.8%.

CONCLUSIONCellulose is effective and safe in the treatment of chronic functional constipation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cellulose ; therapeutic use ; Constipation ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult