Corydalis Rhizoma, the dried tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo (Papaveraceae) distributed traditionally mainly in south-eastern and now cultivated in northwestern and other district in China, is one of the commonly used and well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It has been widely used to treat spastic pain, abdominal pain, pain due to injury, and promote blood circulation. Its main chemical constituents were alkaloids, which were divided into the two types of protoberberines and aporphines. Among them, some alkaloids were found to elicit profound effects on the dopaminergic system in the central nervous system, which plays an important role in regulating nociception. In this article, the chemical composition and structure-types, new methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis as well as characteristics of biotransformation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, pharmacokinetic, and drug-drug interaction for the alkaloids were revealed. These results would greatly contribute to the establishment of bioactive material base of Corydalis Rhizoma.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Animals ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Humans ; Eosinophilia/diagnosis* ; Thrombosis/etiology* ; Heart Diseases/complications*

AIM: To discuss the protective effects and possible mechanisms of quercetin in oxidative damage of human retina pigment epithelium ( RPE) cells induced by H2 O2 .METHODS: RPE cells were subculture, and they were divided into negative control group: cultured with normal culture medium;oxidative injury group:100 μmol/L H2 O2 treated for 12h; quercetin low dose group: 100 μmol/L quercetin incubated for 24h then treated with 100 μmol/L H2 O2 for 12h; and quercetin high dose group:100 μmol/L quercetin incubated for 24h then treated with 100 μmol/L H2 O2 for 12h. Cell viability were tested by MTT colorimetric detection, apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry, apoptotic cell morphology was observed by Hochest33258 staining, expression of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px) were tested by colorimetric detection.
RESULTS: Quercetin inhibited H2 O2 - induced cell viability decreased in RPE cells, after treated with different concentrations of quercetin, RPE cells activity increased to (79. 67±4. 98)% and (83. 00±3. 60)%, which had statistical significance difference compared with oxidative damage group (48. 93±3. 39)% (P<0. 05). After treated with different concentrations of quercetin, the apoptosis rate of RPE cells decreased to (23. 23±3. 29)% and (16. 23±1. 94)%, respectively, which had statistical significance difference compared with oxidative damage group (38. 03±4. 76)%(P < 0. 05 ). In addition, quercetin also increased the expression of CAT、SOD、GSH-Px in RPE cells, which had statistical significance difference compared with oxidative damage group.
CONCLUSION:Quercetin effectively inhibited H2 O2 -induced RPE cells damage by improving cell antioxidant enzyme activity, which provide reliable experimental basis for the treatment of injuries in RPE cells.

AIM: To comparatively analyze the application of laser confocal microscopy and corneal smear in the diagnosis of fungal keratitis.METHODS: Totally 77 patients (77 eyes) diagnosed as fungal keratitis were selected.Laser confocal microscopy and corneal smear examination were performed to observe the characteristics of the images, and the detection rate of fungus were compared between the two methods.RESULTS: Of the 77 patients, 66 eyes (86%) were positive and 11 eyes were negative detected by laser confocal microscopy;51 eyes (66%) were positive and 26 eyes were negative detected by corneal smear examination, the difference was statistically significant compared between two group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Laser corneal confocal microscopy is relatively safe and sensitive.If combined the application of laser corneal confocal microscopy and corneal smear examination in clinical, the diagnosis rate of fungal keratitis may be improved.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between smoking and p53 gene mutation in the lung cancer patients with Meta-analysis.Methods PubMed,Web of Science,ProQest and Medline were used to search all the relevant studies about the association between smoking and p53 gene mutation in the patients with lung cancer. Based on reviewing full text,the studies were selected and evaluated and the data was extracted.Statistical analysis was performed with Stata 1 2.0 software including the heterogeneity inspection, publication bias assessment, sensitivity analysis,effect consolidating and cumulative Meta-analysis.Results Totally 15 articles with 1 770 lung cancer patients were identified. 69.6% of the patients were smokers,30.4% were non-smokers.Overall,the smokers with lung cancer had a 2.70-fold higher risk for p53 gene mutation than the non-smokers with lung cancer (OR=2.70,95%CI=2.04-3.59).Conclusion p53 gene mutation is associated with smoking in the patients with lung cancer.The smokers with lung cancer have higher risk for p53 mutation than non-smokers.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the factors influencing the pregnancy outcomes of artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID), improve the pregnancy rate, and evaluate the safety of the offspring.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 7,761 cycles of AID for 5,109 infertile couples performed between July 1, 2005 and June 30, 2013 in the Center of Reproductive Medicine of Shenyang No 204 Hospital, the outcomes of pregnancy, and the incidence of birth defects.

RESULTSTotally, 2 252 clinical pregnancies were achieved by AID, in which the pregnancy rate per cycle was 29. 02% and the cumulative pregnancy rate was 44. 08%. The clinical pregnancy rate was remarkably higher in the females of ≤ 35 years than in those of > 35 years old (30.31% vs 20.18%, P < 0.01), in the women with < 5-year infertility than in those with > 5-year infertility (30.83% vs 28.16%, P < 0.01), and in the patients of the ovarian stimulation group than in those of the natural cycle group (33.22% vs 28.68%, P < 0.01) The clinical pregnancy rate was the highest in the first treatment cycle (29.87%), with statistically significant difference from the fourth cycle (23.61%) (P < 0.05), but not between the other cycles (P > 0.05). There were 28 cases of birth defects in the offspring (1.40%), including 6 cases (21.43%) involving the cardiovascular system, 4 (14.29%) involving the musculoskeletal system, 3 (10.71%) involving the urogenital system, 3 (10.71%) involving the central nervous system, 2 cases (7.14%) of cleft lip and palate, 2 (7.14%) involving the respiratory system, 2 (7.14%) involving the gastrointestinal digestive system, and other anomalies.

CONCLUSIONFemale age, infertility duration, and ovarian stimulation treatment are important factors influencing the clinical pregnancy rate of AID. Artificial insemination with cryopreserved donor sperm does not increase the incidence of birth defects, which is considered as a relatively safe technique of assisted reproduction.

Adult ; Cryopreservation ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous ; methods ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Semen Preservation ; methods ; Spermatozoa ; Time Factors

Background The surgery for femtosecond laser created laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)flaps has made great progression recent year,but the postoperative corneal wound healing and regeneration of nerve fibers after surgery are closely concerned.Objective This study was to compare and analyze the clinical outcomes between FEMTO LDV femtosecond laser flap and mechanical microkeratome Hansatome flap in LASIK.Methods A prospective case-controlled study was designed.The serial 38 myopic eyes of 38 patients were included from March through July,2010 in Henan Armed Police Force General Hospital.The patients were randomized into FEMTO LDV femtosecond laser assisted flap group(20 patients/20 eyes)and mechanical microkeratome Hansatome assisted flap group(18 patients/18 eyes)with the matched age,gender and refraction of spherical equivalent.HRT Ⅲ examinations were performed before surgery,1 week,1 month and 3 months after surgery to compare the morphological changes atthe center and margin of the flaps,and evaluate the similarities and differences of cellular morphology after surgery between the two approaches.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to this medical trial.Results The best corrected visual acuity was ≥ 1.0 and the refract diopter was similar in both groups(+0.21 D±0.48 D and-0.04 D±0.54 D)1 month after LASIK.The corneal thickness was insignificant increased in the first week after LASIK,and the density of shallow stromal cells was decreased in 1 week,1 month and 3 months compared with pre-operation in the femtosecond laser assisted flap group(t =-27.99,-25.49,-28.87,P ＜ 0.01).In the Hansatome assisted flap group,significantly thickened corneal epithelium was seen in the first week after LASIK compared before LASIK(56.73 μm±2.47 μm versus 51.16 μm±1.11 μm)(t=9.29,P＜0.05),and the density of shallow stromal cells was decreased in 1 week,1 month and 3 months compared with pre-operation in the Hansatome assisted flap group(t =-17.57,-14.13,-19.63,P =0.00).The density of high reflective interface particles in cornea was lower in 1 week,1 month and 3 months after LASIK in the femtosecond laser assisted flap group than that in the Hansatome assisted flap group,showing significant differences between them(t =-13.505,-11.900,-14.084,P＜0.01).The active stromal cells were seen beneath the interface in both groups in the first week and gradually decreased after that time.Intact corneal nerve fibers were found in the femtosecond laser assisted flap group,but those in the Hansatome assisted flap group were shorter and smaller 3 months after LASIK.At 3 months after surgery,the flap margin showed stromal higher reflection and irregular secondary fibrosis in the femtosecond laser assisted flap group,and in contrast,the flap margin had the appearance of a unclearly identified fibrotic scar in the Hansatome assisted flap group.Conclusions Compared with the LASIK and Hansatome assisted flap,the LASIK with FEMTO LDV flap shows earlier nerve fiber regeneration and greater fibrotic scarring,which imply a good wound healing process in the LASIK with FEMTO LDV flap.

Objective:To investigate the damaging traits of cognitive function in late-onset depression.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,30 elderly out-and in-patients whose first onset of major depression occurred at 60 years of age and older were included as the case group,and 30 age-and gender-matched normal elderly people were included as the controls.The diagnoses of moderate to severe depressive episode or recurrent depression were made according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic criteria.The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST),Stroop Test and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) were used to assess attentional set shifting,attentional inhibition and working memory.The severity of depression was evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Scale-17(HAMD-17).Results:The performance scores of errors,perseverative responses,perseverative errors,percent of perseverative errors in the WCST were significantly higher in the patient group then in the control group[(61 ± 23) vs.(41 ± 25),(44 ± 27) vs.(27± 19),(36 ± 20) vs.(23 ± 16),(28 ± 15) vs.(19 ± 11),P ＜ 0.01].The scores of conceptual level responses [(36±24) vs.(54 ±26)],the correct scores of consistent group in Stroop test[(19 ±3) vs.(20 ±2)] and the scores of VFT in WCST[(10 ±2) vs.(11 ±2)] were lower in the patient group than in the control group (Ps ＜0.01).The scores of perseverative responses in the WCST were positively correlated with retardation factor scores(r =0.38,P ＜ 0.05).The correct scores of consistent group in the Stroop test were negatively correlated with retardation factor scores(r =-0.41,P ＜ 0.05).The scores of VFT were negatively correlated with retardation factor scores(r =-0.52,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion:There may be impairment of cognitive function in late-onset depression,especially severe executive dysfunction.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s have attracted widespread attention for the capabilities of self-renewal and muti-differentiation, which have been used in treatment of various diseases.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of three-dimensional spheroid culture system on the stemness and senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s.
METHODS:Mesechyaml stem cel s were isolated from the bone marrow of C57/B6 mice, 3 weeks old, and cultured onto the culture plates coated with or without chitosan. After 5 days of culture, the cel phenotype and expression of stemness related markers CD44 and Sca-1 were analyzed by flow cytometry. PI and Annexin-V staining were used to detect cel apoptosis. Also,β-Gal staining was applied for identification of aging.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The mouse mesenchymal stem cel s began to form spheroids on day 3. The stemness-related markers, including CD44 and Sca-1, expressed higher in spheroid mesenchymal stem cel s than the cel s under normal culturing. Compared with the normal culture group, the apoptosis and senescence of cel s from spheroid culture were lower. The results indicate that the formation of spheroids on chitosan films can increase the stemness, decrease the apoptosis and slow the senescence of mesenchymal stem cel s.

To demonstrate the possibility of radiotherapy for echinococcosis of rats and to explore its mechanism of action, the effects of different doses of 6 MV X-ray radiotherapy on the activity of Echinococcus granulosus in rats were investigated. After being irradiated by 10, 20, 30 and 40Gy of 6 MV X-ray, a lot of examinations were carried out, such as examination of the ultrastructure of the Echinococcus granulosus cysts in rat with electron microscope, the total amount of proteins and Ca2+ ion in hydatid cyst fluid(HCF) .The potassium-pyroantimonate(PPA) cytochemical method was used to demonstrate whether the blocked calcium channels would be one reason for radiotherapy on Echinococcus granulosus cysts in rat. It was found that the ultrastructures of E.granulosus cysts showed different extents of alterations or damages with abnormal changes and destruction in tissues or cells of cysts. The total protein amount in HCF was increased, while Ca2+ ions in HCF were reduced obviously in the treated groups of rats , especially in high dose groups. With PPA, some electron-dense precipitates were observed on the mitochondria and endocytoplasmic reticulum in the treated groups. It is evident that the structure of cysts of Echinococcus granulosus in rat can be damaged by radiotherapy with certain extent of the quantity-efficiency relationship.