Based on the records of ancient medical books, this article analyzed the etiology and pathogenesis of primary bile reflux gastritis. Combined with the clinical diagnosis and treatment experience and thinking, this article explained from various aspects of the principle, method, formula, and medicine, and divided the treatment into three steps, with a purpose to provide references for clinical treatment.

Objective To improve the orotracheal intubation verifying technique and reduce the complication of backflow in rat experiment.Methods A new position evaluation of anti-backflow device was designed and made of safety IV catheter and closed IV catheter system.60 adult male Sprague Dawley rats 216±20 g were randomly assigned to two groups: group A (n=40) for verifying placement, group B (n=20) for anti-backflow test.Group A was further divided into group A1 using self-designed positioning device, group A2 using aerosol, group A3 taking cotton fiber for positioning judgment.The group B was divided into two subgroups, B1 and B2, counting escaped bubbles as a means of positioning observation, the difference is that group B1 using frustum of a cone shape anti-backflow device, while the group B2 using common airway tube.Routine endotracheal intubation was performed to observe and record the time of positioning, the location of exhalation phase, and the length of inspiratory phase countercurrent water column.The group A1 further performed tracheotomy under direct vision clearly to confirm the anatomic positioning status.Results During the exhalation cycle,three or more bubbles were observed to escape continuously, indicating that the intubation tube was properly placed and open in the airway.Positioning time: It took 1.75±1.02 respiratory cycles in group A1,3.30±0.95 respiratory cycles in group A2 and 4.10±0.99 respiratory cycles in group A3 to complete the assessment the positioning status.There was no statistically significant difference between groups A2 and A3 (P> 0.05).The time needed for group A1 was significantly shorter than that of groups A2 and A3 (P < 0.01).The longest countercurrent water column length in group B1 was 3.23±0.53 cm, and 8.48±1.01 cm in the group B2.Conclusions The new designed anti-backflow positioning evaluation device is a simple and convenient appliance to evaluate the location of orotracheal intubation in rat experiment.It can effectively improve the positioning efficiency and has practical application value.

OBJECTIVETo study the spatial distribution of free Ca2+ in osteoclast-like cells cultured on glass.

METHODSTo detect the free Ca2+ in osteoclast-like cells, the images were analyzed with image software, using the laser scanning confocal microscope and fluorescent probe.

RESULTSAt 37 degrees C the free Ca2+ in osteoclast-like cells could be labelled effectively with 10 micromol/L Fluo-3/AM, the intensity of Ca2+ fluorescent signal in the central part was greater than that in the peripheral part and in the same section the signal was not distributed evenly.

CONCLUSIONThe intensity of Ca2+ fluorescent signal is different among various organellae in osteoclast-like cell, which suggests the osteoclast-like cell modulate its own function through the spatial difference of free Ca2+ concentration.

Aniline Compounds ; Calcium ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Osteoclasts ; Xanthenes

Objective To investigate the effect of single dose intraosseous injection of simvastatin on tumor vascular structure and function in murine breast cancer. Methods BALB/c mice and 4T1 murine breast cancer cells were used to establish a subcutaneous xenograft model. The mouse model of orthotopic breast cancer received intraosseous injection of a single dose of simvastatin (50 μg) or vehicle only. Frozen tumor tissue sections were prepared for co-immunostained with CD31 andα-SMA. Evans blue dye was injected into the tail vein to observe the vascular permeability. The expression level of HIF-1αwas detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Immunofluorescence dual staining showed that intraosseous injection of simvastatin increased the number of perivascular pericytes in the tumor vessel(P < 0. 05), Evans blue dye content showed that in vivo vessel permeability in the tumor tissue was significantly decreased(P < 0. 05), and the immunohistochemistry results showed that local hypoxic area was significantly improved. Conclusions Single dose intraosseous injection of simvastatin can promote the normalization of tumor vasculature by improving the coverage of pericytes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ankle Joint ; surgery ; Bone Nails ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rtPA)in patients with isolated penetrating artery territory infarct (IPAI).Methods Data of retrospectively collected clinical,laboratory,and radiological from 75 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous rtPA therapy from June 2009 to April 2011.Etiological classification was carried out according to the Chinese Ischemic Stroke Classification of Subgroups(CISS).The rates of hemorrhagic transformation(HT)and clinical outcomes of patients were compared between IPAI group and non-IPAI group.Results All 75 patients with mean age of 67.4years and 25(33.3％)fenale,were treated with intravenous rtPA.Before treatment,their average score of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)was 12.3 ± 6.4,and mean length of time from onset to treatment was 239.6 ±97.5 minutes.After thrombolytic therapy,the radiological HT was found in 24 patients(32％).Symptomatic intracraneal hemorrhage(ICH)occurred in 4 patients(5.3％).Of 22 (29.3％)patients with IPAI,only one experienced HT.Logistic regression analysis suggested that IPAI wasan individualized predictor used alone for determining the low risk of HT.In the patients with IPAI,82％ of them had an individual clinical outcome(mRS ＜ 2)one month after onset,and the neurological outcomes were better in patients with IPAI than those in patients with non-IPAI(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The risk of hemorrhagic complication was low and the clinical outcome was good in patients with isolated penetrating artery territory infarct after intravenous thrombolytic therapy with rtPA.Imaging diagnosis of IPAI might facilitate the treatment with rtPA in this cohort of patients.

Holmium ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lithotripsy, Laser ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; Ureteroscopy

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rabies ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the central mechanism of moxibustion on analgesic effect.

METHODSMale Wistar rats were screened by pain threshold value before making model, and 48 rats whose pain threshold was (250 +/- 25) g were selected. Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly selected as a normal group. For the rest rats the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model was duplicated by raising in a windy, cold and wet environment combined with injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), and then they were randomly divided into a model group, a moxibustion group and a moxa volatile oil group, 12 rats in each group. The moxibustion and the moxa volatile oil igroup were treated with moxibustion and moxa volatile oil at "Shenshu"(BL 23) and "Zusanli"(ST 36), respectively, for 15 days. No interventions were added on the model group and the normal group. The pain threshold in Iinjured foot and the expression of hypothalamic POMC mRNA and PDYN mRNA in rats were observed.

RESULTSCompared with the normal group, the pain threshold and the expression of hypothalamic POMC mRNA and PDYN mRNA in the model group were increased (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the pain threshold and the expression of hypothalamic POMC mRNA and PDYN mRNA in the moxibustion group were increased significantly (all P < 0.01), but no statistically significance in the moxa volatile oil group (P > 0.05). Compared with the moxa volatile oil group, the above-mentioned observative indices in moxibustion group were all increased significantly (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMoxibustion has obvious analgesic effect and its mechanism may be related to the increasing expression of hypothalamic POMC and PDYN mRNA through the warming effect of moxibustion.

Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Enkephalins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Precursors ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar