Background Intravitreal injection with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) may cause complications,including increase of intraoculapressure (IOP),cataracand endophthalmitis.Ketorolatromethamine (Ketorolac) inew,lesadverse reactionof non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.The action mechanism of Ketorolaisimilato TA.Therefore,Ketorolamay be completely opartly replace Tin the treatmenof retinal edema.Objective The purpose of thistudy wato investigate the effectof Tand Ketorolaon the expressionof aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and vasculaendothelial growth facto(VEGF) in hypoxiretinal Müllecellin vitro and to explore the mechanism of treating retinal edemwith Tand Ketorolac.MethodThe propose of research and use of the animalwere approved by Animal ExperimenResearch Review Committee of Hubei University of Medicine.Twenty eyeof New Zealand albino rabbitwere extracted and the retinal tissue waisolated.The Müllecellwere cultured and passaged using the enzymatidigestion method and Müllecellwere identified using glial fibrillary acidiprotein (GFAP),vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by immunofluorescence staining.The hypoxicell modelwere established by culturing the cellin DMEM with 500 μmol/L CoCl2 fo0,6,12,24 hours.The cellof hypoxifo24 hourwere divided into normal control group,hypoxicontrol group,hypoxia+50,100,200 mg/L To50,100,200 mg/L Ketorolagroups.Corresponding drugwere added into the medium in the differengroups.The expressionof AQP4 mRNand VEGF mRNin Müllecellwere detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PC(RT-PCR).ResultThe cellgrew well and reached 80％ confluence with the irregulashape and ovoid nuclei 14-15 dayaftecultured.More than 95％ primary cellshowed positive reaction to GFAP,vimentin and α-SMA.The expressing levelof AQP4 mRNand VEGF mRNin Müllecell(values) were significantly differenin varioutime point(AQP4 mRNA:F=18.70,P＜0.01 ; VEGF mRNA:F =53.20,P＜0.01),and those of 6,12 and 24 houraftecultured with CoCl2were increased than those withouCoCl2 (P＜0.05).The expressing levelof AQP4 mRNand VEGF mRNin Müllecell(values) were significandifferenamong the normal control group,hypoxicontrol group,hypoxia+50,100,200 mg/L ToKetorolagroup(AQP4 mRNA:F =27.98,P ＜ 0.01 ; VEGF mRNA:F =10.03,P ＜0.01).Compared with the hypoxicontrol group,the expressing levelof AQP4 mRNand VEGF mRNin the Müllecellwere declined in the hypoxia+ 100,200 mg/L Tgroup and the hypoxia+100,200 mg/L Ketorolagroup (P＜0.05).The expressing levelof AQP4 mRNand VEGF mRNwere found statistically insignificandifference between hypoxia+ 100 mg/L Tgroup and hypoxia+ 100 mg/L Ketorolagroup,obetween hypoxia+ 200 mg/L Tgroup and hypoxi+200 mg/L Ketorolagroup (P＞ 0.05).ConclusionTand Ketorolacan downregulate the expressionof AQP4 and VEGF in Müllecellundehypoxiconditions,inferring thathey have similamechanism in the impacon AQP4 function in retinal edematoueye.

OBJECTIVEIn order to understand the production mechanism of interferon and provide a scientific basis for preventionand clinical therapy, the expression changes of Toll-like receptor (TLR3) mRNA and the role of TLR3 in human lung epithelial cells (A549 cells) infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were investigated in this study.

METHODSRSV infected A549 cells were treated with or without specific antibodies of TLR3 and collected at the selected timepoints after RSV infection (4, 8, 12, 16 and 24h). The expressions of TLR3, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and RSV F mRNA were evaluated by RT-PCR.

RESULTIt was found that RSV infection could markedly up-regulate the mRNA expression of TLR3, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and RSV F protein in a time-dependent manner as the 24h mRNA expressions of them were 4 times, 3 times, 3 times and 0.7 times more than the basic expression, respectively. Treatment of TLR3 specific antibodies, whereas, significantly down-regulated the activation of TLR3. The mRNA expression of IFN-alpha and IFN-1beta also decreased accordingly and that of IFN-beta reduced more obviously than IFN-alpha, but that of RSV F protein rose significantly.

CONCLUSIONAbove data indicate that RSV infection could induce an apparent increase of antiviral genes of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta by activating TLR3 in human lung epithelial cells and the activated cells mediated Type I interferon is antiviral, which suggesting that TLR3 might play an important role in antiviral activity of RSV-infected human lung epithelial cells.

Epithelial Cells ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; genetics ; Interferon-beta ; genetics ; Lung ; immunology ; virology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; immunology ; Time Factors ; Toll-Like Receptor 3 ; genetics ; physiology ; Viral Fusion Proteins ; genetics

In order to improve the quality of acupuncture clinical trials, in view of the shortage of design and application of acupuncture clinical trials at present, the authors paper put forward concrete control measures from aspects of subjective factors, objective factors and quality monitoring of acupuncture clinical trials, which are helpful to guarantee the quality of trials and could be reference for other researchers. The results indicate that strict quality control measures are the guarantee of high-quality acupuncture clinical trials.
Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; standards ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Humans ; Quality Control

AC133 Antigen ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Thy-1 Antigens ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the feasibility of 18G trocar for central venous catheterization in adults.Methods Retrospective analyzed the clinical data of 60 patients with central venous catheterization under local anesthesia.These patients were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group.Selected the internal jugular vein as the site of the puncture catheter.The control group was punc-tured by conventional puncture needle while the observation group was punctured by the 18G trocar.Results There was no statistical differ-ence between the two groups in the success rate of final puncture and catheterization(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the suc-cess rate of guidewire insert was higher,the puncture operation time was shorter,the pain score during puncture operation was lower,and post-operative patient satisfaction was higher in the observation group.The differences of the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion 18G trocar can perform central venous catheterization successfully.This method has great advantages for awake patients,and it also worked in some cases with difficult wire insertion.

Objective To develop a supporting pole for medical detachable camouflage net at field conditions to enhance the timeliness of battlefield camouflage of deployable units such as medical tent.Methods The pole had a dumbbell-shaped,hollow and columnar structure,which was composed of a base,a pole body and a terminal disc.The pole body consisted of internal and external parts.The external part had a vertical opening at its top and screw thread at its side wall,which was equipped with a binding bolt.The terminal disc had a circular structure and a 20 cm outer diameter,which was fixed 10 cm under the top of the internal pole to support the net.The base had a center hole and a sleeve to hold the lower part of the external pole to immobilize the supporting pole.Results The supporting pole decreased the deployment time of the camouflage net from 5 min to 2 min and the withdrawal time from 4 min to 1.5 min,and enhanced the timeliness of all-element deployment of mobile medical unit during field practical training.Conclusion The supporting pole meets the tactical requirements for deployment,storage,transport and robustness,and thus is worthy promoting in medical unit.

Objective To investigate the methods ofmicrosurgical treatment of Arnold-Chiari Ⅰ malformation combined with syringomyelia and their curative effects.Methods The clinical data of 185 patients with Arnold-Chiari Ⅰ malformation combined with syringomyelia,admitted to our hospital from January 1997 to June 2010 and received different surgical treatments,were summarized.The relationship between curative effects and operative methods were analyzed.Results When these 185 patients were discharged from our hospital,the clinical signs and symptoms eliminated in 156 (84.3％)and not changed in 29; no symptomatic deterioration and death were noted.One hundred and forty-seven patients were followed up for 3 months-12 years; symptoms disappeared or alleviated in 110 (74.8％),not changed in 26 and deteriorated in 11.The MR findings in 95 patients demonstrated that the cisternals reconstructed and expanded in 82 and the cavities in spinal cords reduced in 79.Conclusion Both posterior fossa decompression + duraplasty and removal of cerebella tonsils + plastic operation of cistern magna are effective and advisable methods in the treatment of Arnold-Chiari Ⅰ malformation combined with syringomyelia.

Objective To investigate the curative effects of different surgical techniques on intradural extramedullary tumors in the foramen magnum.Methods Thirty five patients with intradural extramedullary tumors in the foramen magnum (21 males and 14 females),admitted to and underwent surgeries in our hospital from January 2007 to June 2012,were chosen in our study.Tumors were removed with microsurgeries (27 via suboccipital midline approach and 8 via suboccipital far lateral approach).Their clinical data and curative effects were summarized.Results Total excision was achieved in 32 patients,sub-total excision in 3 patients,and no patient in this study died.Pathological diagnosis showed 15 having schwannoma,3 having neurofibroma,14 having meningioma and 3 having hemangioblastoma.After operation,symptoms of pain in the neck and limb muscle weakness were relieved.All the patients were followed up for 3-48 months showing no cervical spine instability.Conclusion The correct choice of surgical approach and microsurgical skills are keys to remove the intradural extramedullary tumors in the foramen magnum effectively and safely.

OBJECTIVETo explore the mitochondrial toxicities induced by zidovudine (AZT) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) antiviral drugs using a rat model system.

METHODSTwelve healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three equal groups and treated by oral gavage with zidovudine (125 mg/kg/day), adefovir (40 mg/kg/day), or saline (equal volume) for 28 days. The rats' body weights were measured once a week, and blood was collected every two weeks for blood and biochemical tests. All animals were sacrificed at the end of treatment, and liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle were collected by necropsy. Mitochondria were isolated from the respective tissue samples, and the activities of respiratory chain complexes were measured. DNA was purified from each sample and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content was monitored by quantitative real time PCR. Mitochondrial morphology was analyzed under electron microscope.

RESULTSNo significant adverse effects, including body weight loss, abnormal blood or biochemistry, were observed in rats treated with AZT or ADV. The activities of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase in liver and cardiac muscle were slightly decreased in rats treated with AZT (liver: 9.44+/-3.09 vs. 17.8+/-12.38, P?=?0.21; cardiac muscle: 32.74+/-5.52 vs. 24.74+/-20.59, P?=?0.28; kidney: 4.42+/-1.53 vs. 14.45+/-13.75, P?=?0.18; skeletal muscle: 33.75+/-8.74 vs. 40.04+/-2.49, P?=?0.45). The mtDNA content was significantly decreased in cardiac muscle of AZT-treated rats (cardiac muscle: 0.15+/-0.13 vs. 0.32+/-0.42, P?=?0.85). The morphology of mitochondria in liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle was significantly altered in the AZT-treated rats and included disappearance of the outer membrane, severely damaged structure, and swollen or completely absent cristae. No obvious effects were noted in the ADV- or saline-treated rats.

CONCLUSIONSignificant adverse effects related to mitochondrial toxicity were observed in rats treated with AZT. The slightly decreased mtDNA content in ADV-treated rats may suggest that this antiviral drug can also cause mitochondrial toxic effects.

Adenine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Electron Transport Complex IV ; metabolism ; Female ; Kidney ; enzymology ; Liver ; enzymology ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mitochondria, Heart ; drug effects ; Mitochondria, Liver ; drug effects ; Mitochondria, Muscle ; drug effects ; Muscle, Skeletal ; enzymology ; Myocardium ; enzymology ; Organophosphonates ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Zidovudine ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the age variations of head-face morphological traits of Hakka in Guangdong Province.

METHODSThirty-eight physical indices of head and face of 671 Hakka adults (151 urban males, 181 urban females, 162 rural males and 177 rural females) from Meizhou city of Guangdong were investigated. Twelve physical indices of head and face were calculated and counted its indices distributions. The age changes of morphological traits of head and face were analyzed.

RESULTSWith the age growing, the rate of eyefold of the upper eyelid was increased, and the Mongoloid fold decreased, the direction of eyeslits tended to level, nasal root height dropped, the zygomatic projection was more projected, the eye color turned to lighter, the upper red lips became thinner; medium-sized facial height, nasal height, upper lip skin height, physiognomic ear length, physiognomic ear breadth and breadth of alae nasi were decreased. The index of mouth breadth, morphological facial skin fold were positively correlated with the age. The index of minimum frontal breadth, face breadth, bigonial diameter, interocular breadth, external biocular breadth, lip height, thickness of lips and horizontal head circumference were negatively correlated with the age. With the age growing, morphological facial index and vertical cephalo-facial index was ascending. Moreover, length-height index of head, transverse frontoparietal index, zygomatico-frontal index and lip index were declining.

CONCLUSIONWith the age growing, the head and face measurements, physical indices and the proportion of observed indices have changed in Hakka in Guangdong province.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cephalometry ; China ; Face ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Head ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sampling Studies ; Young Adult