OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy difference of analgesia and detumescence on ankle sprain among acupuncture at Xiaojie point combined with tendon regulation manipulation, acupuncture at Xiaojie point and tendon regulation manipulation.

METHODSSixty cases of ankle sprain were randomized into a combined therapy group, a Xiaojie point group and a tendon-regulation manipulation group, 20 cases in each one. The combined therapy of acupuncture at Xiaojie point and tendon regulation manipulation, the acupuncture at Xiaojie point and the simple application of tendon-regulation manipulation were applied respectively in the three groups, once a day, 3 treatments were required. The symptom score such as pain, ecchymosis, swelling and motor dysfunction and the total score were observed before and after treatment in the three groups. The different values of pain and swelling scores were compared before and after treatment in the three groups. The efficacy was compared among the groups.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 100.0% (20/20) in each group. But the curative rate was 85.0% (17/20) in the combined group, 65.0% (13/20) in the Xiaojie point tion manipulation group. After treatment, the symptom scores of pain, ecchymosis, swelling and motor dysfunction and the total score were all improved as compared with those before treatment in the three groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The pain score in either the combined therapy group or Xiaojie point group was lower than that in the tendon-regulation manipulation group after treatment (0.20 -/+ 0.41, 0.15 +/- 0.37 vs 0.60 +/- 0.50, both P < 0.05). Swelling score in the Xiaojie point group was different significantly from that in the tendon-regulation manipulation 0.49 vs 06.4 vs. 20+0.41, P < 0.05). The different value of pain score in either the combined therapy group or Xiaojie point group was higher than that in the tendon-regulation manipulation group before group after treatment (0.65 bined therapy group or Xiaojie point group was higher than that in the tendon-regulation manipulation group before and after treatment (2.35 +/- 0.59, 2.45 +/- 0.51 vs 2.00 +/- 0.46, both P < 0.05). The different value of swelling score in the tendon-regulation manipulation group was higher than that in the Xiaojie point group before and after treatment (2.30 +/- 0.57 vs 1.60 +/- 0.60, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at Xiaojie point combined with tendon-regulation manipulation achieve an apparent effect of analgesia and detumescence on ankle sprain.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Injuries ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Tendons ; physiopathology ; Therapy, Soft Tissue ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of electro-acupuncture to improve the bladder function after acute spinal cord injury in rats and its possible mechanism.

METHODSSixty healthy adult male SD rats of SPF grade, with body weight of 220 to 250 g, one week after feeding adaptation, were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, electro-acupuncture group, electro-acupuncture control group with 15 rats in each group. Sham operation group underwent no stimulation, and the moderate damage model of spinal cord injury were made in other three groups according to modified Allens method. The model group were not treated, electro-acupuncture group were treated with electro-acupuncture on Zhibianxue and Shuidaoxue, and electro-acupuncture control group were treated with electro-acupuncture on 0.5 inch next to Zhibianxue and Shuidaoxue. The frequency of 2/100 Hz, current of 1 mA, stimulation time of 15 min, once a day, left and right alternately stimulate every time, for a total of 7 times. The changes of residual urine volume and urine output in rats at the 1st and the 7th days after operation were observed. And 7 d later, the rats were sacrificed and the injured spinal cord were taken out to observe the apoptosis, and to detect the changes of Bcl-2, Bax, Bad content.

RESULTSAfter modeling,the rats of three groups showed different bladder dysfunction. In electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group, the residual urine volume of the 7th day after operation was significant lower than the 1st day after operation (P < 0.001), and there was statistically significant difference on the 7th day after operation between two groups (P < 0.001). Compared with model group, the urine output of electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group was significantly increased on the 7th day after operation, and there was sig- nificant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.001). Electro-acupuncture can inhibit apoptosis of spinal cord neurons by TUNEL detection. Postoperative at 7 d, the rate of nerve cell apoptosis in electro -acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group was significant increased than model group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and there was significant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.005). Compared with model group, the positive expression rate of Bax, Bad decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and Bcl-2 increased (P < 0.01) in electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group,there was significant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONElectro-acupuncture can obviously promote the repair of acute spinal cord injury,its mechanism may be through increasing Bcl-2, inhibiting the expression of Bax, Bad, which inhibits the apoptosis of spinal cord neurons.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Electroacupuncture ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Neurons ; cytology ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the major obstacle for drug delivery into the central nervous system (CNS). However, there is no ideal model animal for the study of BBB permeability till now. Currently zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful model organism for the study of vertebrate biology. In this study, the feasibility of using zebrafish as model animal was investigated for BBB permeability by comparing the results of administration of BBB-penetrating peptide and protein to mouse and zebrafish. The results showed that the BBBs of mouse and zebrafish were similar in molecular permeability. Additionally, zebrafish has advantageous features as a model animal, such as small size, fertile and easy to breed. Therefore, it is suggested that zebrafish may be a favored model for the study of BBB permeability.
Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; Female ; Fluorescent Dyes ; pharmacokinetics ; Glycoproteins ; pharmacokinetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Peptide Fragments ; pharmacokinetics ; Permeability ; Rhodamines ; pharmacokinetics ; Tissue Distribution ; Viral Proteins ; pharmacokinetics ; Zebrafish ; metabolism

The chemical consituents from Ochrosia elliptica were separated and purified by column chromatographies on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and RP-HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis, as well as comparisons with the data in the literature. 18 compounds were isolated and elucidated as (+) -pinoresinol(1), (+) -medioresinol (2), (+) -lariciresinol (3), (+) -5'-methoxy lariciresinol(4), (+) -isolariciresinol (5), syringaresinol(6), episyringaresinol (7), ciwujiatone (8), zhebeiresinol (9), 7-hydroxycoumarin (10), 7-methoxycoumarin (11), scopoletin(12), isofraxidin(13), caffeic acid ethyl ester (14), ferulic acid (15), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (16), vanillin (17), and vanillic acid(18). All compounds were isolated from the genus Ochrosia for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Ochrosia ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic mechanism of point 8L54-through-point ST2S acupuncture with elongate needles in treating urinary retention after spinal cord injury.

METHODSThirty-five healthy Japanese rabbits (weight 2.5 +/- 0.25 kg, 3 months old, male or female), used as experimental subjects, were divided into 4 groups involving blank group, model group, acupuncture group, elongate needles group (5 rabbits in blank group, 10 rabbits in each of the other group 10). Modified Allen's method was used to cause spinal cord injury model for the model group, the acupuncture group and the elongate needles group, the blank group was only sham surgery. Immediately after spinal cord injury model,the elongated needle group was given the bilateral acupoints of the elongated needle penetration needling and electric stimulation, electrical stimulation 15 mm stimulation frequency of 20 to 40 times/mm, intensity 1.5 to 3 V the acupuncture group immediately was given ordinary electric needle acupuncture, given other disposals as the elongated needle group; model group was not given electric needle acupuncture, waiting 15 minutes, started to detect and record the observed indicator as the elongated needle group; the blank group was only sham surgery. The following indicators including the Tarlov score ,urinary bladder pressure point, the threshold urination, voided volume, were observed in the first day and the fifth day after surgery.

RESULTSThree groups of animals which modeled were urinary retention after operation. Compared to 1 d, Tarlov score of model group, acupuncture group and elongate needles group significantly improved at postoperative 5 d (P < 0.05). Compared with acupuncture group, the Tarlov score of elongate needles group had no significant difference at postoperative 5 d (P > 0.05). Compared with model group, values of urinary bladder pressure point decreased with varying degrees in the acupuncture group and elongate needles group at postoperative 5 d (P < 0.05); relative to the acupuncture group, the point of the bladder voiding pressure in the elongate needles group decreased more significantly at postoperative 5 d (P < 0.05); compared with model group, micturition threshold of acupuncture group and elongate needles group had been significantly improved at the fifth day after surgery (P < 0.05); relative to the acupuncture group, the improvement is more obvious in the elongate needles group. Compared with model group, voided volume of acupuncture group and elongate needles group had increased significantly at the fifth day after surgery (P < 0.05); relative to the acupuncture group, the increment is more evident in the elongate needles group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTo treat urinary retention after spinal cord injury, the method, which was point-through-point acupuncture with elongate needles in the "Zhibian" and "Shuidao", was better than general acupuncture method. The therapeutic mechanism may be related to stimulate peripheral nerve of bladder, and to rectify the dysfunction between detrusor and sphincter.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Male ; Rabbits ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; Urinary Retention ; etiology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo establish the rat model of acute spinal cord injury, followed by aprimary study on this model with ¹H NMR based on metabonomics and to explore the metabonomics and biomarkers of spinal cord injury rat.

METHODSTwenty eight-week-old adult male SD rats of clean grade, with body weight of (200±10) g, were divided into sham operation group and model group in accordance with the law of random numbers, and every group had 10 rats. The rats of sham operation group were operated without damaging the spinal cord, and rats of model group were made an animal model of spinal cord incomplete injury according to the modified Allen's method. According to BBB score to observate the motor function of rats on the 1th, 5th, and 7th days after surgery. Postoperative spinal cord tissue was collected in order to pathologic observation at the 7th day, and the metabolic profilings of serum and spinal cord from spinal cord injury rats were studied by ¹H NMR spectroscopy.

RESULTSThe hindlimb motion of rats did not obviously change in sham operation group, there was no significant difference at each time point;and rats of model group occurred flaccid paralysis of both lower extremities, there was a significant difference at each time; there was significant differences between two groups at each time. Pathological results showed the spinal cord structure was normal with uniform innervation in shame group, while in model group, the spinal cord structure was mussy, and the neurons were decreased, with inflammatory cells and necrotic tissue. Analysis of metabonomics showed that concentration of very low density fat protein (VLDL), low density fat protein (LDL), glutamine, citric acid, dimethylglycine (DMG) in the serum and glutathione, 3-OH-butyrate, N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NAA), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), glutamic acid, and ascorbate in spinal cord had significant changes(<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere are significant differences in metabolic profile from serum and spinal cord sample between model group and sham operation group, it conduces to explain the changes of small molecular substances in serum and spinal cord tissue after spinal cord injury, this provides the research basis for targeted research on the role of metabolic markers in patients with acute spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVETo establish a protocol of automated synthesis of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-[(11)C]methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline carboxamide ((11)C-PK11195) as the positron-emitter-labeled ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) using a commercial synthesizer and explore the quality control methods for the resulting product.

METHODS(11)C-methyl iodide ((11)C-CH(3)I) was synthesized via liquid-phase distillation approach using a (11)C-iodomethane synthesizer. (11)C-PK11195 was prepared by (11)C-methylation of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline carboxamide (N-demethyl-PK 11195) as the precursor with (11)C-CH(3)I and purified by semi-preparative reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The radiochemical purity, chemical purity and stability of the product were evaluated by HPLC, and the toxicity was assessed in normal mice. The factors that affected (11)C-PK11195 synthesis were also studied.

RESULTS(11)C-PK11195 was successfully synthesized using the TracerLab FX(F-N) synthesizer. The synthesis time was about 35 min from the end of (11)C-carbon dioxide production by cyclotron to the end of (11)C-PK11195 synthesis (EOS), with a (11)C-methylation reaction time of 3-4 min. The uncorrected radiochemical yield for (11)C-methylation was (33-/+5)%. Analysis with radio-analytical HPLC showed a radiochemical purity and chemical purity of the product both exceeding 99%, with a specific radioactivity of 30-65 GBq/micromol at EOS (from the end of radionuclide production). The (11)C-PK11195 synthesized was radiochemically stable at room temperature and showed low toxicity in normal mice.

CONCLUSIONThe (11)C-PK11195 injection can be conveniently prepared using an automated synthesizer for clinical use in positron emission tomography.

Animals ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Contrast Media ; chemical synthesis ; Isoquinolines ; adverse effects ; chemical synthesis ; Mice ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radioligand Assay ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; adverse effects ; chemical synthesis ; Receptors, GABA-A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of titanium cable assisted fixation combined with lengthened Gamma nail in the treatment of subtrochanteric fracture of femur. METHODS: From January 2010 to January 2018, 45 patients with long subtrochanteric fractures were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into two groups according to the operation plan. There were 24 cases of titanium cable assisted fixation combined with lengthened Gamma nail (observation group), including 14 males and 10 females, with an age of (54.2±12.8) years; 21 patients (control group) were treated with simple lengthened Gamma nail (control group), including 12 males and 9 females, with an age of (51.4±15.9) years. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, hemoglobin decrease and fracture healing time were observed and recorded in the two groups. Harris hip function score was used to evaluate the postoperative curative effect, and the occurrence of complications was observed. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 14 to 36 months. There was significant difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay between two groups( CONCLUSION Lengthened Gamma nail fixation is reliable in the treatment of subtrochanteric fracture. Limited incision titanium cable assisted fixation can improve the reduction rate and fixation strength of long segment fracture, which is conducive to early functional exercise.
Bone Nails ; Female ; Femur ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Hip Fractures/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Titanium ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.

METHODSSalt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.

RESULTSAfter 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7 +/- 12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8 +/- 5.2 mmHg, P < 0.01; 12.2% +/- 12.0% vs. 2.5% +/- 4.4%, P < 0.001, respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 +/- 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 +/- 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% +/- 10.6% vs. 6.8% +/- 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSSalt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.

Adolescent ; Aging ; physiology ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Blood Volume ; Female ; Furosemide ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Sodium Chloride ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Systole

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of hypoalbuminemia in patients with severe sepsis.

METHODSI(125)-labeled albumin was administered intravenously to 10 health volunteers and 10 patients with severe sepsis. Blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 22, 25 days for the measurement of the dose of gamma-radiation and the curve of concentration and time. Then the half-life time (t(1/2)), apparent volume of distribution (V(d)) and transportation rate (K(12)) from center compartment to side compartment of albumin were calculated.

RESULTSThe half-life time in septic group was obviously shorter than that in control group (8.2 +/- 1.4 vs. 12.5 +/- 1.7, P < 0.01). The transportation rate in the septic group was higher than that in the control group [(4.4 +/- 1.9) x 10(-2)/h vs. (2.4 +/- 0.6) x 10(-2)/h, P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in apparent volume of distribution between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSIn patients with severe sepsis, the distribution rate of albumin from vessel to tissue was obviously increased and the decomposition rate of albumin was markedly improved.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sepsis ; metabolism ; Serum Albumin ; metabolism