Objective To research the mechanism of impairment that cholestatic jaundice is treated as- sistly by MMDB. Methods Obstructive jaundice models with SD rats, which were divided into three time points randomly, namely 7,14,21 days,were established. In each time point, there were three groups(each six rats) : sham operation(SO + NS) ; BDL + MMDB; (BDL + NS). The rats were sacrificed at different time point, in order that liver tissue and inferior vena cava blood were taken out. The concentration of serum glutamate transaminase(AST), albumin(ALB), and total bilirubin (TB) were measured with biochemistry; the expression of TLR4mRNA was measured by reverse transcription PCR. Results On the 7th day after BDL, serum TB,AST level in BDL + MMDB and BDL + NS group were upgrade compared with SO group, in which BDL + NS group were more obviously upgrade than BDL + MMDB group(P<0.01). There was differ- ent to compare between BDL + MMDB group and SO group(P <0.01). On the 14th, 21st day after BDL, serum TB, AST coNTents were to last upgrade in BDL + MMDB and BDL + NS group. It was opposite to the SO group(P <0. 01). Conclusion The level of TLR4 could be weaken by MMDB. It may relieve the im- pairment of liver in cholestatic jaundice by LPS.

Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Amputation ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Radiography ; Tibia ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery

As a kind of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng has a high reputation at home and abroad. The research of ginseng has been expanded to medicine, pharmacy, biology, food science and other fields, with great achievements in recent years. Ginseng contains ginsenosides, volatile oil, carbohydrates, amino acids, polypeptides, inorganic elements and othser chemical constituents. Each component has extensive physiological activity, and is the base of ginseng's effect. After processing, the complicated changes are taken place in the constituents of ginseng, and some new substances produced. This paper aims to review the studies on chemical constituents and their mechanisms during ginseng processing, and the ideas, methods and the direction of the development of traditional Chinese medicine processing in the future.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To explore the protective effects and its mecha-nism of stachydrine on focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice . Methods The focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model in mice was established by thread method.KM mice were randomly divided into 6 groups(n＝16):sham operation group , model group, control group, ex-perimental-L, experimental -M, experimental -H groups, mice in each group were given related drugs via intragastric administration before the operation, once a day, lasting for 7 d.Reperime 22 h, the levels of Caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B-lymphoma-2 gene-related X protein (Bax) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) enzyme activity in each group was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay .Results The relative expression of Bax in model group,control group, experimental -L, experimental -M, experimental -H groups were (4.00 ±0.51 ), (2.84 ±0.48),(2.87 ±0.41),(2.92 ±0.46),(3.12 ±0.59)ng· mL-1,respectively; the relative expression of Caspase-3 in the 5 groups were(13.43 ±0.87),(9.95 ±1.57),(10.02 ±1.55),(10.58 ±1.48),(10.79 ±1.69) pmol· L-1,respectively; the relative expression of Bcl -2 in the 5 groups were (11.94 ±1.40 ),(16.14 ±1.33 ), (15.89 ±1.45),(15.31 ±1.20),(14.78 ±1.17)ng· mL-1,respectively;compared with the model group, the rela-tive expressions of Bax and Caspase -3 in control group, three doses experimental groups markedly reduced while the relative expression of Bcl-2 in the 4 groups markedly increased significantly (all P<0.01).The Na +-K+-ATP en-zyme activity in the model group ,control group, experimental -L, experimental -M, experimental -H groups were (2.82 ±0.56),(4.84 ±1.61),(4.81 ±1.48),(4.50 ±1.22),(4.13 ±1.17)μmolPi· mg -1· h -1,respectively;and Mg2+-ATP enzyme activity in the 5 groups were (2.55 ±0.56), ( 5.25 ±1.86 ), ( 5.15 ±2.37 ), (4.62 ±1.89 ) ,(4.13 ±1.54 ) μmolPi· mg-1· h-1, respectively; comparison between 4 drugs groups and model group,the differences of the factors were significant ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ) .Conclusion Stachydrine can markedly reduce the lesion of focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in mice , and its mechanism may be related to improve energy metabolism disorder , inhibit neuronal apoptosis and improve the microcirculation of the brain .

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for determining the content of 2,4-toluenediamine, a urinary metabolite of toluene diisocyanate, by gas chromatography.

METHODSUrine samples were collected, and acidification, extraction, derivatization, separation with a capillary column, and detection with an electron capture detector were performed. The target compound was qualified by retention time and quantified by peak area.

RESULTSThe concentration of 2, 4-toluenediamine showed a linear relationship with peak area within 0.0∼40 ng/ml, with a correlation coefficient 0.9995; the limit of detection was 0.44 ng/ml, the lower limit of quantification was 1.47 ng/ml, the relative standard deviation was 1.85%∼4.05%; the recovery rate was 97.98%∼99.28%.

CONCLUSIONThe method has the advantages of high sensitivity and high accuracy and can be used for determination of 2, 4-toluenediamine in urine.

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Phenylenediamines ; urine

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents and volatile oil of Xiaochengqi decoction.

METHODThe constituents in decoction were separated by means of column chromatography and their structures were identified by spectral data and compared with literature data. As well as the volatile oil of Xiaochengqi Fang were analyzed and identified by GC-MS.

RESULTEleven compounds were isolated and identified as chrysophanol (1), physcion (2), magnolol (3), beta-sitosterol (4), sitosterol trans-cinnamic acid (5), emodin (6), aloe emodin (7), rhein (8), gallic acid (9), chrysophanol-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10), aurantiamarin (11). The volatile oils extracted with steam distillation from Xiaochengqi were identified 67 components, and the main components are including.

CONCLUSIONAll of the eleven compounds were isolated from Xiaochengqi decoction for the first time and the study on their activities in Chinese prescription is being carried out. D-limonene (42.61%), p-cymene (16.43%), and 8-terpinene (14.46%).

Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; Biphenyl Compounds ; chemistry ; Cinnamates ; chemistry ; Cyclohexenes ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emodin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Gallic Acid ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Monoterpenes ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; Terpenes ; chemistry

This study was aimed to investigate the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and its clinical significance. Expression of VEGF was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the level of COX-2 was detected by Western blot. The results showed that the serum VEGF level of multiple myeloma patients (365.34 +/- 65.63 pg/ml) was higher than that in the normal persons (122.52 +/- 39.29 pg/ml) (p < 0.05); the serum VEGF level of patients at advanced stage (395.07 +/- 54.90) pg/ml was higher than those at stable stage (300.33 +/- 44.22) pg/ml (p < 0.05). The serum Cox-2 positive rate in the patients (31%) was higher than that in normal persons (0%) (p < 0.01); the serum Cox-2 positive rate in the patients at advanced stage (50%) was higher than those at stable stage (21%) (p < 0.01). It is concluded that VEGF and COX-2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of multiple myeloma, they can be used to evaluate the status of patients with MM.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; blood ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; blood ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood

AIMTo investigate how vasonatrin peptide (VNP) can attenuate the growth-promoting effect of hypoxia in cardiac fibroblasts cultured from neonatal rats.

METHODSThe cultured cardiac fibroblasts were divided randomly into four groups: control group, hypoxia group, hypoxia + VNP group and hypoxia + 8-Bromo-cGMP group. The growth of cardiac myocytes was measured by the means of MTT method. The effect of VNP on the intracellular level of cGMP and PCNA were measured by the means of radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry stain respectively.

RESULTSHypoxia (24 h) significantly increased the MTT A490nm value of cardiac fibroblasts (P < 0.05 vs control group). Both VNP (10(-7) mol/L) and 8-Bromo-cGMP (10(-3) mol/L) decreased MTT A490 nm value in cardiac fibroblast (P < 0.05 vs hypoxia group). VNP (10(-7) mol/L) increased the intracellular level of cGMP (P < 0.05 vs control and hypoxia group). Hypoxia (24 h) significantly increased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in cardiac myocytes (P < 0.05, vs control group), but VNP (10(-7) mol/L) decreased it.

CONCLUSIONVNP can attenuate hypoxia-induced growth-promoting effect in cardiac fibroblasts which is associated with the changes of cGMP and PCNA.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; pharmacology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic GMP ; metabolism ; Myoblasts, Cardiac ; cytology ; drug effects ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Decoction pieces are the main body of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical medication. With the modernization of TCM medication, TCM formula granules have gradually developed and begun to take shape. Although there are processing forms of TCM injection and oral liquid, they only account for a small part of TCM market and are mainly taken orally. However, when oral administration of lipid soluble ingredients is conducted, the dissolution is limited and the absorption is relatively small. In addition, it has side effects of stimulating gastrointestinal tract, resulting in low tolerance of patients. Although there are topical preparations made by water extraction and alcohol extraction, most of them are crude preparations with random dosage, which results in the waste of lipid soluble components to a certain extent. Most of the lipid soluble components of TCM have good biological activities, such as schisandrin b, tanshinone, methyl chlorogenic acid, etc., but there is no suitable medicinal form. To make the best use of "medicine", it is necessary to systematically study the lipid soluble components of TCM. On the basis of fairly mature extraction, separation and collection processes, a medicinal form with definite pharmacological effect and beneficial to its absorption is developed based on lipid soluble components. TCM essential oil has anti-aging, anti-dementia, anti-oxidation and other activities, which has been widely used in clinical, cosmeceuticals, health products and other fields. However, the effect of single essential oil is limited. Compatibility can not only enhance the efficacy and reduce toxicity, but also expand the application range of essential oil. Therefore, formula essential oil can be used as a new form of TCM, and mainly for external use, supplemented by internal use, to make up for the disadvantages of crude preparations and random dosing for external use of TCM, as well as the disadvantages of orally absorbed less and stimulated gastrointestinal tract, to meet the needs of clinical medication, faster, more accurate, better and stronger play the effect of lipid soluble components.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of excessive fluoride on the gene expression of rat osteoblasts.

METHODSRat osteoblasts were treated with 2.0 mmol/L of sodium fluoride (NaF) for two weeks in vitro, and difference in the gene expression between the NaF-treated and normal osteoblasts was compared with mRNA differential display (DD-PCR) technique.

RESULTSAmong the six differentially expressed gene fragments which had been cloned, expression of the ribosomal protein L5 gene, ATPase Na(+)K(+) transporting beta polypeptide 3 gene, karyopherin alpha 2 gene and cis-Golgi body p28 gene was lower and expression of ubiquitous-conjugating enzyme E2D 3 gene and a newly-discovered gene fragment in this study showed up-regulated in the NaF-treated osteoblasts of the rats.

CONCLUSIONSExpression of genes changed in the osteoblasts after treatment with fluoride for two weeks and most of them associated with synthesis, transportation and processing of protein. It suggested that excessive fluoride could affect the protein synthesis in osteoblasts by changing the expression of the related genes. A novel gene related to excessive fluoride exposure was also found.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Fetus ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Skull ; pathology ; Sodium Fluoride ; toxicity