Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of technologies for arteriovenous malformation(AVM ) ,which are skull to boneless head CTA by surface shaded display technique (hereinafter referred to as the SSD‐CTA technology) .Methods Totally 27 patients of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were selected ,which were diagnosed with AVM by VCTDSA .The original data to our hospital CT workstation were imported ,SSD‐CTA technology to bone reconstruction were performed ,and the data of the two groups were compared .Another 5 patients in our hospital which were diagnosed with AVM by SSD‐CTA examination were selected ,and compared the results with DSA .Results The quality score of SSD‐CTA reconstructed image was less than that of VCTDSA ,but the diagnosis of the two technologies for AVM had no significant statistical difference (P>0 .05) .The number of AVM patients from our hospital wsa too less to do the statistical analysis .The detail resolution of SSD‐CTA was less than DSA ,but the diagnosis of SSD‐CTA was consistent with DSA .Conclusion SSD‐CTA has clinical practical val‐ue ,can be used as a check ,intracranial venous malformation diagnosis .

Objective　To observe the change of lipidemia and lipoprotein in wistar rats with fluorosis.Methods　14 wistar rats were fed normal food with hyper concentration of NaF water (100 mg/L) for six months,the TC,TG,HDL-c,LDL-c,APO AI APO B and AI,R-CHE were measured in serum.Results　The result show that there are an increace of T C,TG,HDL-c,LDL-c,APO AI，APO B and AI,R-CHD compared with normal rats (P <0.05).Conclusions　The result indicate that the fluorosis can increase the lipidemia and lipoprotein in rats with fluorosis and lead to athero selerosis.

Objective To investigate the pathogens,drug resistance and outcomes of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis in our peritoneal dialysis(PD) centers. Method Data including clinical manifestations,pathogens,treatment,outcome of 93 CAPD cases with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis in our peritoneal dialysis(PD) centers were retrospectively analyzed.Results Dialysate culture of 75cases was positive with a positive rate of 80.2％,including 45 cases of gram-positive cocci,21cases of gram-negative bacilli,2 cases of fungi and 5 cases of mixed infection.Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common gram-positive cocci.All the gram-positive cocci were sensitive to vancomycin,but the resistance rate to cefazolin was 60.0％ with an increasing tendence year by year.Resistance rate of gram-negative bacilli to ceftazidime was 46.1％.All the gram-negative bacilli were sensitive to imipenem.The withdraw rate of CAPD was 17.2％(16/93) because of peritonitis. Noobviousside-effectofperitonealadministrationofvancomycinwasfound.Conclusions Gram-positive cocci are major pathogens in CAPD-related peritonitis.Now cefasolin is not suitable for the empiric initial treatment.Peritoneal administration of vancomycin should be recommended for peritonitis caused by gram-positive cocci.

OBJECTIVETo study pharmacokinetic effect of Aikeqing Granule (AG) by different medication ways on zidovudine (AZT) in highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) of rats.

METHODSTotally 36 rats were administered with corresponding medications by gastrogavage, group I [HAART: AZT 31.5 mg/kg +3TC 31.5 mg/kg + Efavirenz (EFV) 63.0 mg/kg], group II (HAART+AG525 mg/kg), group III (HAART and AG 525 mg/kg after a 2-h interval). Drug concentrations of AZT were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS) before HAART, and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 h after HAART, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters [such as t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUCo-t, plasma clearance rate (CL)] were calculated by DAS2.0 Software.

RESULTSThe-equation of linear regression of AZT was good, with the precision, coefficient of recovery, and stability definitely confirmed. AUC in group II and III was larger than that of group I. There was no statistical difference in t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-12 h, or AUC0-∞ among groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAG combined HAART could enhance the Cmax of AZT.

Animals ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Benzoxazines ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Rats ; Zidovudine ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology

In this paper, a low-cost PC-based, high-quality and interactive 3D stereoscopic medical visualization system is presented, which can be clinically used for diagnosis and surgical planning. The algorithms of direct volume rendering have been improved for realization with the programmable graphics hardware under PC environment. Local illumination, classification and non-polygonal iso-surface rendering are also incorporated into the system in appropriate consideration of both high-quality rendering and real-time interaction. The medical visualization system has been applied to the neurosurgical and orthopedic planning and the effectiveness has been clinically proved.
Algorithms ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Planning Techniques ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; User-Computer Interface

Adult ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Fetal Blood ; Hematologic Diseases/therapy* ; Humans ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplantation Conditioning

Background/Aims: Achalasia is a rare disease, but the incidence is increasing recently. Peroral esophageal myotomy (POEM) is an effective treatment.Regurgitation is a common symptom before and after POEM. Our aim is to investigate the factors related to preoperative and postoperative reflux symptoms. Methods: Our study was retrospective. The achalasia patients diagnosed by high-resolution manometry and gastroscopy were divided into reflux group and non-reflux group before and after POEM, respectively. General information, symptoms, POEM information, and manometric results were compared. Results: (1) Ninety-six of 130 patients had reflux symptoms before POEM. The lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) in the reflux group was significantly higher than the non-reflux group (P = 0.023), while integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) was similar. The reflux group had longer esophagus than the non-reflux group (P = 0.006). Reflux symptoms were not related to subtypes of achalasia.(2) Twenty-five of 84 patients had reflux symptoms after POEM. Postoperative Eckardt scores, LESP, and 4-second IRP (4sIRP) were significantly lower than the preoperative values (P < 0.001). The preoperative values and POEM information were similar between the postoperative 2 groups and there was no significant difference in the presence of preoperative reflux symptoms between 2 groups.The postoperative LESP and 4sIRP were similar between the 2 groups, however, the postoperative UESP was significantly higher in the reflux group than the non-reflux group (P = 0.042). The non-reflux group had more declines in Eckardt scores and LESP than the reflux group. Conclusions The reflux symptoms of achalasia patients without treatment were mainly due to food retention. The postoperative reflux symptoms were not the sign of the excessive relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter.

Background/Aims: Achalasia is a rare disease, but the incidence is increasing recently. Peroral esophageal myotomy (POEM) is an effective treatment.Regurgitation is a common symptom before and after POEM. Our aim is to investigate the factors related to preoperative and postoperative reflux symptoms. Methods: Our study was retrospective. The achalasia patients diagnosed by high-resolution manometry and gastroscopy were divided into reflux group and non-reflux group before and after POEM, respectively. General information, symptoms, POEM information, and manometric results were compared. Results: (1) Ninety-six of 130 patients had reflux symptoms before POEM. The lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) in the reflux group was significantly higher than the non-reflux group (P = 0.023), while integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) was similar. The reflux group had longer esophagus than the non-reflux group (P = 0.006). Reflux symptoms were not related to subtypes of achalasia.(2) Twenty-five of 84 patients had reflux symptoms after POEM. Postoperative Eckardt scores, LESP, and 4-second IRP (4sIRP) were significantly lower than the preoperative values (P < 0.001). The preoperative values and POEM information were similar between the postoperative 2 groups and there was no significant difference in the presence of preoperative reflux symptoms between 2 groups.The postoperative LESP and 4sIRP were similar between the 2 groups, however, the postoperative UESP was significantly higher in the reflux group than the non-reflux group (P = 0.042). The non-reflux group had more declines in Eckardt scores and LESP than the reflux group. Conclusions The reflux symptoms of achalasia patients without treatment were mainly due to food retention. The postoperative reflux symptoms were not the sign of the excessive relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter.

OBJECTIVETo study the immediate and long-term effects of disasters caused by floods on residents health status.

METHODSStratified sampling by ranks of flood disaster occurred in 1996 and 1998, flood disaster areas and control areas were carried out. A retrospective study was also carried out to study all diseases involved during 1996 - 1999.

RESULTSThe incident rates of acute infectious disease in flooding areas in 1996 and 1998 were both higher than those of non-flooding areas (863.181/100 000 and 736.591/100 000, respectively). But there was no different between the incident rate of the first years in flooding areas and that of non-flooding areas. The prevalence rates of 8 kinds of chronic diseases related to circulatory system, nervous system, digestive system, injury and poisonous diseases in flooding areas were also higher than that in the non-flooding areas. The highest incidence rates of most diseases were in the mountainous flooding areas, followed by areas collapsed by flooding, and the lowest were seen in soakedareas by floods. The incidence rates of intestinal infectious diseases and respiratory infectious diseases were lower in areas where prevention and control measures were weak.

CONCLUSIONFlood could lead to the increase of incidence rates both on acute infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases. Interventions on non-infectious diseases should also be enforced to stop the epidemics when preventing and controlling acute infectious disease.

Acute Disease ; China ; epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; Communicable Diseases ; epidemiology ; Disasters ; Health Status ; Humans ; Residence Characteristics ; statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo study the expenses of hospitalization among the population in the flood disaster areas of Dongting Lake in Hunan province in 1998.

METHODSDescriptive epidemiologic study were conducted to analyze hospitalization expenses of the residents of 55 villages in flood disaster areas in 1998; single factors analysis and logarithmic linear regression analysis were carried out to explore influencing factors about hospitalization expenses of the residents.

RESULTSThe hospitalization rate was 4.59% with an average hospitalization expenses of 667.42 Yuan in the flood disaster areas' residents of Dongting Lake in 1998. Compared with populations without suffering from flood, hospitalization rate and the average hospitalization expenses of flood disaster Areas' residents of Dongting Lake in 1998 were higher and had significant difference. The average hospitalization expenses in 1998 was affected by flood types, family income, gender, age, literacy, occupation, outcome after leaving the hospital and hospital ranks.

CONCLUSIONThese results implied that the flood disease aggravated inhabitants' burden of disease in Dongting Lake areas; the factors influencing the average hospitalization expenses were multiple, and synthetic measures should be taken in the prevention and control of flood disaster.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Cost of Illness ; Disasters ; Female ; Hospital Charges ; statistics & numerical data ; Hospitalization ; economics ; Humans ; Infant ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Regression Analysis ; Rural Population