Objective To explore surgical options and clinical outcome of preperitoneal hernia repair (TAPP) and totally ext raperitoneal hernia repair (TEP) in inguinal hernia repair.Methods The clinical data of 302 patients underwent laparoscopic herniorrhaphy were retrospectively analyzed.Results None of patient s was changed to open operation.The TAPP and TEP outcome measures:the unilateral hernia surgery time from (31.2 ± 8.3) min and (55.3 ± 15.2) min,bilateral hernia surgery time was (46.2 ± 11.2)min and (80.2 ± 23.2) min; blood loss was (6.4 ± 2.0) ml and (7.2 ± 1.6) ml,bed activity for the first was (16.0 ± 1.8) h and (16.0 ± 1.5) h,hospital stay was (3.0 ±0.6) d and (3.1 ±0.8) d.Conclusions Laparoscope herniorrhaphy is safe due to lower recurrence and complications.It also has the advantages of slight pain and rapid recovery.

From January 2005 to January 2008, 23 cases of fractures and dislocations of cervical spine treated with anterior decompression, reconstruction of bone graft with titanium mesh, and titanium locking plates fixation in Department of Orthopaedics, the 309 Hospital of Chinese PLA were retrospectively analyzed, including 16 males and 7 females, aged 41.9 years (ranging 25 ?65 years). The clinical effect and application value of this treatment was evaluated; the conditions at preoperative, immediate postoperative and follow-up were evaluated by JOA grade, and these radiographs were taken. Lordosis (kyphosis) of the fusion segment with Cobb's angle, and lordosis (kyphosis) of cervical spine with D value were measured to evaluate effect of reconstruction and cervical spine physiological curve. All cases were followed-up for 20.5 months (ranging 1-3 years). Clinical stability was reached in all cases during the follow-up. There were significant differences between preoperative and immediate postoperative, between preoperative and follow-up groups in terms of JOA grade, Cobb's angle and D value (P < 0.05). The JOA grade of immediate postoperative was improved compared with that during follow-up (P < 0.05). The mean improvement rate was 63% at 1 year of follow up. A good curative effect was obtained by using anterior locking plate with titanium mesh systems in treatment of cervical fractures and dislocations and a good effect of restoring and maintaining the lordosis of cervical spine can be also obtained.

Deer antlers are the unique mammalian organs that can be periodically regenerated,i.e.,they hold interest for researchers on stem cells and regenerative medicine,and have the potential to become an excellent biomedical research model.Deer antler regeneration may use stem cells.Antler growth appears to involve specific stimulation of the necessary stem cells present in the locality,and involves similar mechanisms to those used in limb development,unlike the regenerative process in the newt.Development regulation of antler and growth mechanism of antler stem cells have significance in limb regenerated medicine and stem cell research.Many scientists have carried out thorough research on the deer antlers development,thus,have drawn many concepts.This article reviews the field of deer antlers development such as antler regeneration and stem cells,and introduces research technique of antler development and relevant theories.

ObjectiveTo investigate the corelation between fibrinogen in pleural effusion and pleural adhesion in tuberculosis exudative pleurisy.Methods234 cases of primary tuberculosis pleurisy were divided into 3 groups (A、B、C) according to their level of fibrinogen in pleural effusion from low to high. The incidence rates of pleural adhesion were assessed during the course of treatment and after treatment.ResultsThe incidence rate of pleural adhesion in the course of treatment were as those: group A 10.5%, group B 32.3%, group C 54.5%. After treatment, it was as those: group A 10.5%, group B 16.9%, group C 42.4%. Whenever, there was significant difference between group C and group A or B (P<0.05).ConclusionThe level of fibrinogen in pleural effusion may be associated with pleural adhesion, which hinder the recovery of patients.

OBJECTIVETo observe the impacts of acupoint catgut embedding therapy and acupuncture-moxibustion therapy on the long-term efficacy and patient's life quality in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

METHODSSixty-nine patients were randomized into the combined acupuncture-moxibustion and acupoint catgut embedding therapy group (combined therapy group, 36 cases) and an acupuncture-moxibustion group (33 cases). In the acupuncture-moxibustion group, acupuncture was applied at Yingxiang (LI 20), Shangyingxiang (EX-HN 8), Yintang (GV 29), Shangxing (GV 23), Tongtian (BL 7) and Zusanli (ST 36). Moxibustion was applied at Zusanli (ST 36), Feishu (BL 13), Dazhui (GV 14) and Fengmen (BL 12). In the combined therapy group, on the basis of the treatment as acupuncture-moxibustion group, the catgut embedding therapy was applied at Feishu (BL 13), Fengmen (BL 12), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Qihai (CV 6). The treatment duration was 4 weeks in the two groups. The clinical efficacy of allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) score were observed before and after treatment as well as in the 4-weeks follow-up after the end of treatment respectively.

RESULTSThe markedly effective rate was 72.7% (24/33) in the combined therapy group and 48.4% (15/31) in the acupuncture-moxibustion group after treatment. The efficacy was similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). It was 57.6% (19/33) in the combined therapy group and was 22. 6% (7/31) in the 4-week follow-up after treatment, indicating the long-term efficacy in the combined therapy group was superior to that in the acupuncture-moxibustion group (P<0. 05). Scores of RQLO after treatment and in 4-week follow-up after treatment in both groups were improved as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.05). In 4-week follow-up, the improvements in sleep and affection in the combined therapy group were superior to the acupuncture-moxibustion group (3.27 +/- 3.23 vs 4.61 +/- 3.56, 3.48 +/- 3.67 vs 5.81 +/- 4.15, both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe acupoint catgut embedding therapy combined with acupuncture-moxibustion therapy are safe and effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and display the more roles in the long-term efficacy.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Catgut ; utilization ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

In the face of escalating problems with pathogen control, the development of proper formulations of existing antibiotics is as important as the development of novel antibiotics. Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Currently, only injectable solution of daptomycin has been approved for clinical use. In the present study, the formulation of PEGylated liposomal daptomycin (PLD) was prepared and optimized, and its efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA252) strains was investigated. The obtained PLD had a mean vesicle diameter of (111.5 +/- 15.4) nm and a mean percent drug loading of (5.81 +/- 0.19) % with high storage stability. Potent activity of PLD against MRSA was demonstrated in vitro with a more sustained effect than that of conventional liposomal daptomycin and daptomycin solution. In addition, intravenous administration of a single dose (equal to human use) of PLD significantly increased the survival of mice in a MRSA252 systemic infection model compared with other formulations. Drug distribution in the lung was significantly enhanced following administration of PLD, and no measurable tissue lesions or pathological changes were detected during PLD treatment. Taken together, PEGylated liposomes loaded with daptomycin may represent a promising approach to reduce MRSA252 infections, especially those involving bloodstream dissemination, such as hematogenous pulmonary infection.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Daptomycin ; pharmacology ; Liposomes ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Mice ; Staphylococcal Infections ; drug therapy

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics ,diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of phaeohyphomycosis. Methods Clinical data were collected, including history, physical examination, cranial and spinal imaging. Brain biopsy was performed. Data of the pathology and incubation of brain tissue were analyzed. Responsiveness to treatment was followed up. Results A previously healthy three and half years old boy was presented to our unit, with a three- month history of recurrent headache, vomiting, progressive paraplegia accompanied by urinary continence and constipation. A computed tomogram scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed multiple lesions located in the region of the parietal - occipital lobes, periventricular area and frontal lobe, with prominent surrounding edema and irregular peripheral enhancement of the mass after the administration of contrast materials. A cerebral biopsy was performed and the pathological report was cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. The culture of the tissue and cerebrospinal fluid grew a same fungus identified as exo-phiala dermatitidis. The patient's response to therapy was poor, the parents of the boy gave up therapy, and the boy died 1 month later. Conclusions Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala dermatitidis is rare, but the most serious form of fungus infection. Pathology and incubation of the tissue are essential for diagnosis. There is no curative therapy and the prognosis is poor.

OBJECTIVE Through researching the ABR threshold, the cochlear morphology and miR-96 expression in the cochlear of BALB/c mice at different month's age, to find out if the miR-96 can regulate the age related hearing loss of BALB/c mice.METHODS ABR testing, AO/PI staining and scanning electron microscope were used to observe the ABR threshold and cochlear morphology of the BALB/c mice at the ages of 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-96 in the cochlea of BALB/c mice at the ages of 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months.RESULTS The ABR thresholds of BALB/c mice were (18.5±8.3), (45.8±7.8), and (85.6±15.6) dB SPL separately at the age of 3, 6 and 12 months. At the age of 18 months, no response was observed in the ABR testing with 120 dB SPL acoustic stimulation. In the AO/PI staining, we found that the outer hair cells was apparently lost since the age of 6 months and the loss of hair cells aggravated as the month's age increased. At the age of 12 months, no outer hair cells was left, inner hair cells was lost apparently too. With the scanning electron microscope, we found the changes of deficiency, lodging, fusion, shortening and inversion in the hair cell cilia. And these changes were aggravated as the month's ages increased. At the age of 3 months, the relative expression of miR-96 (2-△CT) was 0.0225±0.0073. The relative expression of miR-96 (2-△CT) in the cochlea were 0.0162±0.0048, 0.0116±0.0048, and 0.0050±0.0014 at the age of 6 months, 12 months and 18 months separately, comparing with the relative expression of miR-96 at the age of 3 months, the differences were significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The hearing loss, hair cells loss, and cilia damage aggravated as the month's age increased, but the miR-96 expression in the cochlea decreased. Which suggest that miR-96 might play an important role in the age related hearing loss.

OBJECTIVETo explore the difference in the efficacy and effect mechanism of subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) complicated with depression between acupuncture and medication.

METHODSSixty patients were randomized-into an acupuncture group and a medication group, 30 cases in each one. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to Baihui (GV 20), Shuigou (GV 26), Fengfu (GV 16), Fengchi (GB 20) and the others, once a day, 6 times a week. The treatment of 4 weeks made one session and totally 2 sessions were required. In the medication group, nimodipine 30 mg, three times a day and fluoxetine 20 mg, once a day were prescribed for oral administration, for 8 weeks totally. Before treatment, at the end of the 4th week and at the end of the 8th week of treatment, cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and solubility CD40 ligand (sCD40L) were determined respectively. The scores in Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and Hamilton' s depression scale (HAMD) were evaluated in the two groups. The efficacies on cognitive function and depression symptoms were compared in the patients between the two groups. Results Compared with the outcome before treatment, mean blood flow velocity (Vm) of middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was increased significantly at the end of the 4th week of treatment in the two groups (all P<0.05). At the end of the 8th week, Vm was increased much significantly (all P<0.01). The differences were not significant in comparison between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the expression before treatment, sCD40L was reduced significantly after treatment in the patients of the two groups (all P<0.01), but the differ- ence was not significant between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with that before treatment, MoCA score was increased significantly after treatment in the two groups (all P<0.01), HAMD score was reduced sig- nificantly (all P<0.01), the differences were not significant in comparison between the two groups (all P>0.05). The total effective rate of cognitive improvement was 86.7% (26/30) in the acupuncture group and was 80.0% (24/30) in the medication group, the differences were not significant in comparison of the two groups (P>0.05). The total effective rate of the improvement in depression was 93.3% (21/30) in the acupuncture group and was 86.7% (26/30) in the medication group, the differences were not significant in comparison of the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture could significantly increases CBFV and reduces serum sCD40L expressions in the patients of SIVD complicated with depression, and significantly improves cognitive function and relieves depression symptoms. The efficacy of it is similar to that of western medication. The increase of serum sCD40L expression is possibly involved in the occurrence and development of SIVD. Reducing sCD40L expression contributes to the alleviation of damage induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Cerebral Infarction ; complications ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Depression ; drug therapy ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Fluoxetine ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nimodipine ; administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate changes of regional cerebral metabolism by proton MR spectroscopy (~1H-MRS) in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) and to correlate these changes with the neuropsychological test. Methods Fifty-four patients with cirrhosis including nine patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE),23 patients with MHE,22 patients without HE and 13 controls underwent neuropsychological tests and ~1H-MRS scanning. The volumes of interest included occipital gray matter and left parietal white matter regions. Ratio of spectral peak areas of N-acetylaspartate (NAA),choline (Cho),myo-inositol (mI),and glutamine/glutamate (Glx) relative to creatine (Cr) were acquired. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent t test and one-way analysis of variance. The results of different groups were compared by using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. Correlations among the ~1H-MRS ratios, the grade of HE, neuropsychological test and ammonia data were calculated with Spearman correlation test. Results The ratios of NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,mI/Cr,Glx/Cr of the occipital gray matter and left parietal white matter regions in patients with cirrhosis are 1.55±0.12,0.48±0.10,0.42±0.14,2.52±0.48 and 1.73±0.17,0.75±0.16,0.42±0.16,2.75±0.59respectively,and they are 1.53±0.10,0.48±0.09,0.51±0.11,2.20±0.39 and 1.69±0.15,0.82±0.14,0.53±0.12,2.40±0.40 in patients without HE,1.58±0.13,0.48±0.08,0.38±0.13,2.62±0.39 and 1.78±0.18,0.74±0.14,0.38±0.15,2.84±0.58 in patients with MHE,1.54±0.12,0.50±0.13,0.29±0.07,3.04±0.31 and 1.70±0.19,0.62±0.16,0.29±0.07,3.37±0.38 inpatients with HE.Compared with controls, decreased mI/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios and elevated Glx/Cr ratios were found in patients with cirrhosis (t=3.196,9.394,-6.527,P＜0.01,occipital gray matter. t=5.592,9.717,-6.681,P＜0.01,left parietal white matter＝ and in subgroup of patients without HE, with MHE and HE (F=5.097,25.896,20.204,P＜0.01,occipital gray matter.F=16.435,28.660,21.283,P＜0.01,left parietal white matter).Significant difference in these metabolic alterations was also found among the different groups of cirrhosis especially the ratios of Glx/Cr in occipital gray matter and left parietal white matter (P＜0.0084).The ratios of mI/Cr also significantly altered between patients without HE and with MHE (P＜0.0084).There was a significant negative correlation between the ratios of Cho/Cr,mI/Cr and the grade of HE (P＜0.01＝ and a significant positive correlation between the ratios of Glx/Cr and the grade of HE (r=0.709,P＜0.01,occipital gray matter; r=0.720,P＜0.01,left parietal white matter＝.NCT-A and DST of controls is (49±8) s and 39±6.They are (134±37),(83±26),(64±22) second and 15±2,25±9,35±8 in patients with HE,MHE and without HE respectively.The metabolic alterations of Cho/Cr,mI/Cr,Glx/Cr correlated significantly with neurepsychological tests in all subjects (P＜0.01＝.There was a significant positive and a negative correlation between the ratios of Glx/Cr and the data of NCT-A and DST respectively (r=0.570,-0.642,occipital gray matter; r=0.541,-0.632,left parietal white matter).The metabolic alterations of Glx/Cr had no correlation with ammonia data as well as other metabolic alterations.Conclusions ~1H-MRS study shows cerebral metabolic alterations of gray and white matter in patients with cirrhosis,especially the reduction in mI/Cr ratio and increase in Glx/Cr ratio. These changes correlate well with the neuropsychological tests and may be useful in predicting the presence of MHE.