Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Lymphatic Vessels ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging

The operation performance of membrane nitrification bioreactor to treat ammonia-containing wastewater as well as the capabilities of separation and filtration of polypropylene membrane modules were tested. The removal efficiency of ammonia was kept higher than 95% when the hydraulic retention time was set at 1 day, the influent concentration was increased up to 80 mmol (NH4+ -N) x L(-1) and the volume loading rate was increased up to 1.12 kg (NH4+ -N) x m(-3) x d(-1). The biomass in the reactor was accumulated from 5 g x L(-1) to 10 g x L(-1) within 50 days, which indicated that polypropylene membrane modules were efficient in retaining biomass. The biomass attached to the membrane also contributed to the conversion of ammonia and nitrite. When the hydraulic pressure was lower than 80cm, the increase of hydraulic pressure improved the permeation of membrane. However, when the hydraulic pressure was beyond 80cm, the increase of hydraulic pressure did not significantly improve the permeation of membrane. The permeate flux was the highest 2.51 (L x m (-2) x h(-1)) but the resistance was the lowest (2.63 x 10(-5)) m(-1) when the hydraulic pressure was about 20 cm. The results showed that the membrane nitrification bioreactor could be run normally without extra energy input.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Bioreactors ; microbiology ; Membranes, Artificial ; Nitrobacter ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Polypropylenes ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; metabolism ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; metabolism

Objective To study the effect of bromocriptine(BRC) on the activation of T lymphocyte stimulated by phytohemagglutinin(PHA).Methods After CD4+ T cell line Jurkat E6-1 cells were stimulated by PHA,prolactin(PRL) and BRC,respectively,the expression of linker for activation of T cells(LAT) and zeta-chain T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70 000(ZAP-70) mRNA of T lymphocytes were checked by RT-PCR.The expression of PRL mRNA of T lymphocytes was detected by Real time PCR.The expression of CD25(cluster of differentiation) as a marker of early activation on the surface of T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry,and the activation of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) was detected by luciferase reporter system.Results 1.BRC inhibited the expression of ZAP-70 as the common signal molecules both in the T lymphocyte activation pathway and PRL-prolactin-prolactin receptor(PRLR) signal transduction pathway,and decreased the expression of PRL mRNA produced by activation T lymphocytes.2.BRC enhanced the expression of LAT mRNA as another important signal molecular on the T lymphocytes and CD25 on the surface of the T lymphocytes.3.The activation of NF-?B of T lymphocytes was decreased.Conclusions BRC might inhibit the activation of T lymphocytes by inhibiting the expression of ZAP-70,the common signal molecules between T lymphocytes activation and PRL-PRL pathway,and PRL mRNA,the like-T lymphocyte growth factor.

The performance of internal-loop air-lift nitrifying bioreactor was good with strong tolerance to influent ammonia concentration (78.49 mmol/L), high volume converting rate (163.18 mmol/L.d) and obvious working stability (ammonia removal > 94.42%). During operation of internal-loop air-lift bioreactor, the nitrifying activated sludge was granulated. The nitrifying granular activated sludge began to appear on day 45. Its average diameter was 0.83 mm, settling velocity was 55.53 m/h and specific ammonia removal rate was 0.95 mmol (NH4(+)-N)/g (VS).d. The nitrifying granular activated sludge had the activity for anaerobic ammonia oxidation with ammonia oxidation rate of 0.23 mmol (NH4(+)-N)/g(VS).d and nitrite reduction rate of 0.24 mmol (NO2(-)-N)/g(VS).d.
Ammonia ; metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Bioreactors ; Nitrites ; metabolism ; Nitrogen ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sewage ; analysis

To explore effect of autoantibody on identification of ABO and RhD blood group, the blood samples of 38 patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) were identified by routine typing and typing after chloroquine elution test as well as PCR. The results showed that out of 38 patients with AIHA, 11 cases (31.6%) of ABO blood group were difficulty typed, indirect antiglobulin test were positive, and contradiction between cells typing and sera typing were observed. 1 case of RhD(-) was mistyped as RhD(+) and anti-D was found in its serum. The blood group of these cases were typed correctly by chloroquine elution test. It is concluded that blood group identification of patients with AIHA can be interfered by autoantibody, and the correct typing for blood group of these patients may be determined by using combination of several methods to ensure safe transfusion.
ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; blood ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of C reactive protein (CRP) on endothelial progenitor cell (EPCs) function.

METHODSMononuclear cells (MNCs), isolated from bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent cell filtration, were plated on fibronectin coated culture dishes. After 7 days, adherent cells were cultured with different concentrations of CRP (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 microg/ml) for 48 hours. EPCs proliferation and migration ability were observed and adhesion assay was performed. The eNOS mRNA expression of EPCs were measured by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe number of EPCs in CRP groups (10, 15, 20microg/ml) was obviously lower than that in control group (54 +/- 3, 47 +/- 3, 39 +/- 5 vs.60 +/- 3, P < 0.01). EPCs proliferation capacity was inhibited in CRP groups (10, 15, 20 microg/ml) compared with that in control group (0.297 +/- 0.036, 0.273 +/- 0.013, 0.259 +/- 0.035 vs. 0.345 +/- 0.014, P < 0.01). EPCs migration capacity was inhibited significantly in CRP groups (5, 10, 15, 20 microg/ml) than that in control group (28 +/- 2, 22 +/- 3, 19 +/- 3, 16 +/- 2 vs. 30 +/- 2, P < 0.05). EPCs adhensive number was lower in CRP groups than that in control group (11 +/- 2, 9 +/- 2, 6 +/- 2, 5 +/- 1 vs. 12 +/- 2, P < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of eNOS in CRP groups were significantly lower in control group. And compared with control group, NOS activity decreased significantly in CRP groups (10, 15, 20 microg/ml) (57.44 +/- 3.25, 48.37 +/- 3.86, 36.82 +/- 4.89 vs. 68.56 +/- 2.82, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCRP could both reduce EPCs number and inhibit EPCs functions.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; C-Reactive Protein ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects

Objective To investigate the effects of different Leptospira strains on phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs,and explore the role of innate immune in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. Methods Peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were infected in vitro by three different Leptospira strains,the virulent Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai type strain Lai,the avirulent L.interrogans serovar Lai type strain IPAV,and the nonpathogenic L.biflexa serovar Patoc type strain PatocⅠ,respectively,and heat inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis was added 0.5,1.5,3 and 6 h after infection and incubated for 30 min.The effect of Leptospira on the phagocytosis of macrophage was evaluated by the inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis phagocytosis rate and phagocytosis index.Phagocytosis and ultrastructure of peritoneal macrophages were observed by transmission electron microscopy 3 h after infection,and changes of cytoskeleton of the macrophages were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results The phagocytic rates and phagocytic indexes of strain Lai,strain IPAV and strain PatocⅠinfection groups were significantly lower than those of control group 3 h and 6 h after infection(P

OBJECTIVETo study an intervention model of "schools without infected students with schistosoma japonica", to control and prevent students from schistosoma infection.

METHODSTwelve primary schools of four heavy endemic counties (districts) with schistosomiasis in the Poyang Lake areas were selected as the study fields, of which, ten schools were the experimental groups, and the other two schools were the control groups by cluster random sampling. All enrolment students were the target population. The baseline survey was carried out in 2005, and an intervention model, "information dissemination + behavior participation + behavior encouragement", was applied in the experiment groups in 2006 - 2008, then the effect of intervention was assessed.

RESULTSBefore intervention (2005), the anti-schistosomiasis knowledge awareness rate of experimental and control groups were 14.75% (324/2196) and 16.58% (91/549), and the different was not significant (χ(2) = 1.14, P > 0.05); the rate of accurate attitude of anti-schistosomiasis were 14.71% (323/2196) and 11.84% (65/549) in experimental and control groups, and the difference was not significant (χ(2) = 2.98, P > 0.05); the rate of contacting infected water were 15.44% (18 988/122 976) and 15.03% (4622/30 744) in experimental and control group and the difference was not significant (χ(2) = 3.13, P > 0.05); and the infection rate of schistosomiasis of experiment control groups were 9.65% (212/2196) and 10.56% (58/549), the difference was not significant (χ(2) = 0.41, P > 0.05). After one year intervention (2006), the anti-schistosomiasis knowledge awareness rate of experimental and control groups were 97.79% (2032/2078) and 18.11% (98/541), and the different was significant (χ(2) = 1794.31, P < 0.01); the rate of accurate attitude of anti-schistosomiasis were 99.09% (2059/2078) and 13.49% (73/541) in experimental and control group, and the difference was significant (χ(2) = 2077.45, P < 0.01). After 1 - 3 years intervention (2006 - 2008), there were no any contactors with infected water and infectors with schistosome in students of the experiment group in successive 3 years. While in the control group of the same period, the rate contacting infected water were 16.12% (4884/30 296), 11.11% (3079/27 720) and 12.25% (3451/28 168); the infection rate of schistosomiasis were 8.87% (48/541), 7.47% (37/495) and 7.95% (40/503), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe intervention model of health promotion, "information dissemination + behavior participation + behavior encouragement", can effectively control and prevent students from infecting schistosoma japonica in heavy endemic areas with schistosomiasis.

Animals ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Schistosomiasis ; prevention & control ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; School Health Services ; Schools ; Students

Objective To explore the prevalence and analyze the related risk factors for post-stroke depression among middle-aged and elderly stroke patients of Mongolia and Han nationality in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods A stratified multistage random cluster sampling method was used to investigate the prevalence of stroke in the population aged ≥45 years in different areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.A total of 11 088 people were investigated and 498 were stroke patients among them.A set of scale assessment and the general situation were used to investigate stroke patients and 443 patients completed the whole survey.Results The total prevalence of post-stroke depression (PSD) was 41.08％ in 443 stroke patients,among which the prevalence rate was 40.57％ for Mongolian population and 41.85％ for Han population,and no significant difference was found between Mongolian and Han nationality(x2=1.372,P=0.504).There were significant differences in the types of stroke between the Mongolian and Han nationality (x2 =7.347,P=0.025).The age (t=4.321,P=0.000),educational level (x2 =27.036,P=0.001) and economic burden (x2=27.877,P=0.000) were statistically significant between Mongolian and Han nationality.The differences of frequency of stroke (x2 =6.545,P=0.011),economic burden (x2 =16.148,P=0.001),cognitive dysfunction (x2 =9.065,P=0.003),daily living ability (x2 =34.466,P =0.000),alcohol consumption history(x2=4.516,P=0.034)were statistically significant.Logistic regression analysis showed that alcohol consumption history,economic burden,the frequency of stroke,and cognitive dysfunction were the influencing factors of PSD.Conclusion PSD is one of the important factors affecting the post-stroke psychological burden in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.There is no national difference in the prevalence of PSD among Mongolian and Han people,which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment and intervention of PSD.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of treatment option on the response and outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM) patients suitable for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT).

METHODSA total of 71 newly-diagnosed MM patients less than 65 years admitted to RuiJin Hospital from June 2005 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 21 received auto-HSCT (HSCT group) with standard conditioning of melphalan 200 mg/m(2), 30 received conventional chemotherapy (conventional group) and 20 received Bortezomib-based therapy (Bortezomib group). The responses and outcomes of different treatments were analyzed.

RESULTSThe median follow-up duration for all patients was 18 (1 - 58) months with estimated 3-year overall survival (3-yr OS) of (79.8 ± 6.3)% and progression-free survival (3-yr PFS) of (54.8 ± 9.0)%. Thirty-four patients achieved complete remission (CR) or very good partial remission (VGPR) on induction therapy, which were 80% for the Bortezomib group, 33.3% for the conventional group and 38.3% for the HSCT group. After auto-HSCT the CR + VGPR rate was increased to 76.1% for the HSCT group. Overall, the 3-yr PFS was (26.3 ± 13.8)% (median 21 months), (40.5 ± 20.1)% (median 25 months) and (93.8 ± 6.1)%(median not reached, P = 0.025) for conventional, Bortezomib and HSCT groups respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated that CR/VGPR after induction (P = 0.020), best response of CR/VGPR (P < 0.01), autoHSCT (P = 0.002) and maintenance therapy after CR/VGPR (P = 0.0005) were associated with improved PFS and that CR/VGPR after induction (P = 0.009), best response with CR/VGPR (P < 0.01), maintenance therapy for any patients (P = 0.035) and maintenance therapy for patients with CR/VGPR (P = 0.031) were associated with OS. In multivariate analysis, only auto-HSCT (P = 0.039) and best response of CR/VGPR (P = 0.009) were independent prognostic factors for PFS and the best response of CR/VGPR was the only independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.005). The estimated 3-yr OS was (62.4 ± 13.7)%, (94.1 ± 5.7)% and (87.9 ± 8.3)% respectively for 3 groups.

CONCLUSIONSFor newly-diagnosed MM younger than 65 are suitable for auto-HSCT, the best response of CR/VGPR was associated with OS and PFS. Auto-HSCT is also important prognostic factor for PFS. Induction therapy with Bortezomib can achieve rapid CR/VGPR while auto-HSCT as a crucial consolidation therapy and maintenance therapy maybe also important for improvement of long-term outcome.

Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Boronic Acids ; therapeutic use ; Bortezomib ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Pyrazines ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult