BACKGROUND:Spinal cord injuries induced by sacral segment and lumbar lesions can damage the primary sacral micturition center or its surrounding nerves (parasympathetic and somatic nerve) to cause detrusor areflexia, thereby leading to urinary retention and further pathological changes in bladder tissue morphology.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at the Ciliao (BL32), Zhongji (RN3), Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints on bladder capacity and bladder tissue morphology of rats with urinary retention after sacral spinal cord injury.
METHODS:Ten of 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected as blank group, and other 30 rats were randomly divided into model group, acupoint group and non-acupoint group. In the model group, the rats received no electroacupuncture. In the non-acupoint group, acupuncture and electroacupuncture at non-acupoint points were performed, respectively, for 20 minutes. In the acupoint group, acupuncture and electroacupuncture were performed at the Ciliao, Zhongji, and Sanyinjiao acupoints. Bladder capacity was measured at days 14 and 22 after treatment. After treatment, bladder tissues were extracted for morphological observation with hematoxylin-eosin staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The maximum bladder capacity in the acupoint group was obviously reduced after treatment (P<0.01);the curative effect in the acupoint group was more obvious than the non-acupoint group (P<0.05);the difference between preoperative and postoperative bladder capacity (d value) was more significant in the acupoint group than the non-acupoint group (P<0.05). (2) Compared with the model and non-acupoint groups, morphological changes in the bladder tissue were improved more significantly in the acupoint group. These findings indicate that electroacupuncture at the Ciliao, Zhongji, and Sanyinjiao acupoints can effectively reduce the maximum bladder capacity and repair the damaged bladder tissue after sacral spinal cord injury.

Objective To explore the method of clinical application and the final result of the com- pound flap of distally based of saphenous nerve-great saphenous vein nutritional vessels.Methods Basing on the anatomic basis that the nutrient vessels of saphenous nerve-great saphenous vein have the same deriva- tion as the branches of the muscle,bone and skin.Eight cases of the tissue defects of ankles and feet were re- paired by the flap.Results Seven cases were survived completely except the distal partly necrosis in one case.The calcaneal defects of one case were repaired by the iliac graft after two weeks of the operation.Follow up from 3 monthes to one year,the texture,appearance and function of the multiflap were good.Conclusion The compound flap of distally based of saphenous nerve-great saphenous vein nutritional vessels has the ad- vantages as follow:the reliable blood supply,avoidance of sacrificing the major arteries,reconstruction of sen- sation and simply procedure.Besides,the defects of soft tissue and bone can be repaired on one operation.

Objective To explore the effects of electrical acupuncture at Ciliao (BL32), Zhongji (RN03), Sanyinjiao (SP06) acupoints on the expression of caspase-3 in bladder tissue and the urodynamics of rats with neurogenic bladder (detrusor areflexia type) after sacral spinal cord injury. Methods 10 rats were randomly selected as blank control group from 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats. The other 30 rats were randomly divided into model group, acupoint group and control group after modeling, with 10 rats in each group. The urodynamics was measured on the 14th and 22nd day after modeling. The control group and acupoint group received electrical acupuncture 7 times at the acupoints and other points nearby, respectively, from the 15th day. The expression of caspase- 3 in bladder tissue was detected with enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results Compared with the model group, the maximum bladder capacity, bladder compliance and expression of caspase-3 in bladder tissue significantly decreased after treatment (P<0.01), the filling bladder pressure significantly increased (P<0.05) in the acupoint group. And the acupuncture group was better than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Electrical acupuncture at Ciliao, Zhongji and Sanyinjiao can reduce the maximum bladder capacity in neurogenic bladder rats and inhabit the expression of caspase-3 in bladder tissue.

Objective To evaluate whether the serum uric acid (SUA) levels are related to development of prediabetes. Methods This was a 6-year cohort study, subjects were recruited from Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Health Management Center. A prospective assessment (n=30 910) was performed. Subjects without a history of prediabetes were followed up for 6 years (with a median follow-up of 2.7 person-years). All relevant variables including SUA concentrations, and fasting plasma glucose were assessed at baseline and yearly during the follow-up. Prediabetes was defined in accordance with the American Diabetes Association criteria of 2014. Multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to assess relationships between the quintiles of baseline SUA and the incidence of prediabetes. Results The incidence of prediabetes was 55 per 1 000 person-years. In comparison with subjects in the lowest quintile, the odds ratios and hazard ratio (95%confidence interval) of higher quintile of SUA were 1.04 (0.93, 1.15), 1.07 (0.95, 1.19), 1.13 (1.01, 1.28) and 1.15 (1.02, 1.30) (P for trend=0.01), respectively, after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion SUA levels predicted an increased risk of prediabetes in adults.

As a kind of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng has a high reputation at home and abroad. The research of ginseng has been expanded to medicine, pharmacy, biology, food science and other fields, with great achievements in recent years. Ginseng contains ginsenosides, volatile oil, carbohydrates, amino acids, polypeptides, inorganic elements and othser chemical constituents. Each component has extensive physiological activity, and is the base of ginseng's effect. After processing, the complicated changes are taken place in the constituents of ginseng, and some new substances produced. This paper aims to review the studies on chemical constituents and their mechanisms during ginseng processing, and the ideas, methods and the direction of the development of traditional Chinese medicine processing in the future.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective:To investigate the clinical features of direct and indirect carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs).Methods:Patients with CCF treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2010 to August 2020 were enrolled retrospectively. Relevant clinical data were collected, including the main clinical manifestations, neuroimaging features, and treatment methods. The clinical features of direct and indirect CCFs were compared.Results:A total of 31 patients were enrolled in the study, 29 (93.5%) had ocular symptoms, of which conjunctival hyperemia and edema ( n=24, 77.4%), exophthalmos ( n=19, 61.3%) and orbital murmur ( n=18, 58.1%) were most common. There were 23 patients (74.2%) in direct CCF group and 8 (25.8%) in indirect CCF group. The former had more history of head trauma (78.2% vs. 12.5%; P=0.002), more flow volume (high-flow CCFs: 100% vs. 37.5%; P<0.001) and more likely to cause orbital murmur (69.6% vs. 25.0%; P=0.043). Endovascular embolization was safe and effective. The common methods of endovascular embolization were EVAL glue combined with coil embolization ( n=18, 66.7%) and detachable balloon embolization alone ( n=6, 22.2%). Conclusion:Ocular manifestations are most prominent in patients with CCFs. Direct CCF is more common, usually with a history of head trauma, and the clinical and imaging features are more typical. Interventional embolization is the preferred treatment option for patients with CCF.

A diving decompression procedure is a specific rule that divers should follow when they ascend and get out of water. It comes from the decompression theory and algorithm and is designed for the prevention of decompression sickness. With the ， ， development of diving technology and diving medicine the decompression procedures are constantly innovated and the new ， decompression procedure can be used in diving practice after safety verification. In principle the safety verification of ， decompression procedures should be conducted on animal experiments before human experiments and the risks of ， decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity should be systematically assessed. However the assessment methods used in ， ， ， different studies differ greatly thus it is urgent to establish a standard and universal verification system. Traditionally the risk ， ， assessment of decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity is mainly carried out by observing the incidence detecting bubbles ， theoretical calculation and lung functional test. Furthermore biochemical indicators are increasingly becoming important ， ， supplements. Due to the special underwater environment the diving operation is prone to accidents. Therefore in addition to ， verifying the safety of the new decompression procedure exploring its safety decompression limit is of great significance for the formulation of emergency decompression procedures in emergency situations. The specific approach is to shorten the decompression time and assess the safety until the critical time for detecting bubbles without the occurrence of decompression ， ， sickness is found. Future studies should continue to optimize safety assessment methods explore sensitive biochemical markers ， clarify species associations and improve verification efficiency and reliability of results.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus point application in managing pain after thoracoscopic radical lung cancer surgery(TRLCS). Methods:A total of 120 patients undergoing TRLCS were randomized into a treatment group and a control group,with 60 cases in each group.Both groups received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)to relieve postoperative wound pain.The control group did not receive any other interventions.The treatment group started acupuncture treatments 4 h after the surgery with point application between two acupuncture sessions;the acupuncture treatment was conducted 4,24,48,and 72 h after the surgery.At the above 4 time points,the visual analog scale(VAS)score and additional PCIA drug consumption were recorded.The 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)content in the peripheral blood was determined 4 h and 72 h after the surgery. Results:The treatment group was superior to the control group in comparing the total effective rate(P<0.05).After the intervention,the VAS score decreased in both groups(P<0.05);the VAS score presented different decreasing patterns at each time point in the two groups,and the score dropped more significantly in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.05).The total PICA drug consumption varied in the two groups after the surgery;the additional analgesic consumption was notably smaller in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.05).The decrease in the 5-HT content in the peripheral blood also varied in the two groups;the peripheral blood 5-HT content was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture plus point application can significantly relieve wound pain after TRLCS.

The contents of schisandrol A, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, schisandrin A , schisandrin B, schisandrin C in Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (SCF) were determined simultaneously by HPLC. Collect 100-seed weight, color, pulp content, longitude and latitude of SCF of different batches were collected. SIMCA-P and SPSS were applied to make PLS-DA analysis of 24 batches of SCF and correlation analysis of relevant parameters. According to the 13 parameters, SCF from three different places of origin could be distinguished effectively. It was found that the content of chemical component of SCF increased with latitude and longitude first, and then decrease. The results provide some theoretical basis for study of SCF genuineness and traditional method of identifying just from experience.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; classification

Metabonomics is a new method to study on the metabolic network and the relationship between body and environment, which conforms to the way of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research. In the study process of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, effectively conjunction with metabonomics method will facilitate the integration of TCM with modern biological science and technology, and promote the modernization of TCM. This paper introduce the application of metabonomics in the research of toxicity mechanism of TCM, compatibility mechanism of TCM formula, pharmacology effect of TCM and processing mechanism of TCM. This paper summarize the problems in the TCM metabonomics research and prospect its bright future.
Animals ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; analysis ; metabolism ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Metabolomics ; methods ; trends