Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with high morbidity and mortality, as well as poor prognosis in China and worldwide. Despite the recent advances in surgery, irradiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, the curative effect of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in advanced cancer patients is unsatisfactory, and the five-year survival rate of patients remains low. Immunotherapeutic approaches, such as checkpoint inhibitors, active vaccination, and adoptive vaccination, have been given in-creasing attention for the treatment of patients with NSCLC. Results of phase I clinical trials show a higher remission rate, and the out-comes of phases II and III clinical trials are under exploration. This review provides an overview of the latest advances and challenges in immunotherapy for NSCLC.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of intestinal anastomosis in a rat model of intra-abdominal sepsis.Methods:Male Wistar rats were randomized into 2 groups.Control rats underwent intestinal anastomosis.Sepsis group underwent intestinal anastomosis after intestinal fistula operation.fibronectin(FN),?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA),vascular endorthelial growth factor(VEGF) and apoqtosis in anastomoses were measured.Results:FN,?-SMA,VEGF in control group were higher than sepsis group and apoptosis were lower than the other.Conclusion:It is indicated that the repair of tissue was out of balance after infection,and the organization repair was retarded.The collagenoblast and the epithelial cell migration were slowed down,and the blood capillary regeneration was slowly.Not only the granulation organization was reduced,but also apoptosis was prematurely appeared.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of combined growth hormone and fibrin glue on early healing of intestinal anastomosis in intra-abdominal sepsis rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats of abdominal sepsis were randomized into 3 groups.Control rats were given intestinal anastomosis after intestinal fistula operation.Glue group was given intestinal anastomosis and fibrin glue after intestinal fistula.GH group was given intestinal anastomosis and fibrin glue and growth hormone after intestinal fistula.FN,?-SMA,VEGF,and apoptosis in anastomoses were measured.Results: Expression of intestinal FN,?-SMA,and VEGF in GH group were higher than those in other groups and apoptosis were lower than others.Conclusion: It is indicated that combined growth hormone and fibrin glue ameliorates healing of intestinal anastomosis in intra-abdominal sepsis rats.

Objective To study CT and MRI findings of the eclamptic encephalopathy in plateau.Methods CT and MRI findings in 28 patients in plateau with eclamptic encephalopathy were retrospectively analyzed.Results CT and MRI appearances of eclamptism were as follow:normal in brain in 3 cases;cerebral edema in 18 cases,including slight encephaledema in 2 cases,focal encephaledema in 11 cases and diffuse encephaledema in 5 cases;cerebral hemorrhage in 6 cases and sinovenous thrombosis in 1 case.Conclusion CT and MRI scan are of significant value in diagnosis and treatment of eclamptic encephalopathy in plateau.

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of femoral-deep femoral crossover bypass in the treatment of long-segment unilateral iliac artery occlusive disease.Methods From July 1995 to December 2010,40 patients (28 males,12 females,aged from 66 to 90,with mean age of 73) with comprehensive unilateral iliac-superficial femoral arteriosclerosis obliterans were enrolled in this procedure.All patients suffered from unilateral common iliac,external iliac,common femoral,and superficial femoral arteriosclerosis obliterans.These patients were treated with femoral-deep femoral crossover bypass.Postoperative ankle-brachial index,blood flow velocity and patency rates in 5,7 and 10 years and limb salvage rates in 5,7 and 10 years were evaluated.Results There was no perioperative mortality nor extremity amputation.35 (87.5％ ) patients were followed-up from 1 to 13 years (mean 5.7 y).Anklebrachial index rose from preoperative 0.23 ± 0.10 to postoperative 0.55 ± 0.11 (t =15.91,P =0.000 ).Popliteal arterial velocity rose from preoperative ( 14 ±6) cm/s to postoperative (34 ± 10) cm/s (t =15.63,P =0.000) ; Tibial arterial velocity rose from ( 10 ±4) cm/s to (22 ±7) cm/s (t =15.71,P =0.000).The primary and secondary patency rates were 60.1％,44.3％,25.3％,and 93.5％,86.8％,57.9％ at 5,7 and 10 years,respectively.Limb salvage rates were 97.5％,95％,and 90％,at 5,7 and 10 years,respectively.Conclusions Femoral-deep femoral crossover bypass is safe and reliable in treating certain unilateral iliofemoral occlusive disease,especially for high-risk old patients or those who are not indicated for endovascular therapies or direct aortic approaches.

To establish an HPLC method for determination of dactylorhin A and militarine in Cremastrae Pseudobulbus/Pleiones Pseudobulbus. The analysis was achieved on an Alltech Prevail C18 column (4. 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) using a mobile phase of acetonitrile (A), water (B) gradient elution in a total run time of 35 min (0 min, 20:80; 30 min, 55:45; 35 min, 55:45) and a diode array detector was set at 224 nm. The flow rate was 0.8 mL x min(-1). The assay displayed good linearity over the concentration range of 0.257-9.95 microg (r = 0.999 8), and 0.128-10.27 microg (r = 0.999 9), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 9) were 94.70% and 102.8% for dactylorhin A and militarine, respectively. The method is accurate, quick, simple and reproducibility. It can be used for the quality control of Pleione bulbocodioides and Pleione yunnanensis.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Succinates ; analysis

To investigate the effect of Tanreqing injection on immune activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with lung cancer. The peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with lung cancer and healthy persons were separated by the density gradient centrifugation method for subsequent experiments, with those from healthy persons as the positive control. The effect of Tanreqing injection on stimulating the proliferation of lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was determined by MTT method. The effect of Tanreqing injection on the lymphocyte secretions of IFN-γ and TNF-α and the subset ratio of lymphocytes cultured separately or with Tanreqing injection of different concentrations were examined by ELISA and flow cytometry (FCM) respectively. In addition, the LDH release assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and natural killer cells (NK). According to the findings, all of immunological indexes of lymphocytes from patients with lung cancer were weaker than that of healthy persons, but with the obvious increases in proliferation activity and IFN-γ and TNF-α secretions of lymphocytes co-cultured with Tanreqing Injection (P < 0.05). Among lymphocyte subsets co-cultured with Tanreqing Injection, CD3+, CD3+ CD4+ and CD3- CD16 + 56+ cell ratios notably increased, whereas CD4+ CD25+ Treg cell ratio obviously decreased (P < 0.05). In the meantime, Tanreqing injection can markedly promote the cytotoxicities of CTL and NK (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Tanreqing injection shows a significant effect in promoting the immune activity of lymphocytes from patients with lung cancer and their anti-tumor immunity.
Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural ; drug effects ; immunology ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; physiopathology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; drug effects ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its influencing factors in patients with gastric remnant cancer (GRC).Methods A total of 130 patients received gastrectomy more than 10 years ago because of early gastric cancer.According to the gastric remnant canceration after the surgery,patients were divided into GRC group (80 cases) and gastric remnant group (50 cases).Both the patients of these two groups accepted questionnaires of cancer patients' quality of life questionnaire (QLQ) C30 and gastric cancer specific questionnaire QLQ-STO22,the HRQoL were evaluated.The comparison between two groups with normal distribution of data was aralyzed by t test.Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied for the comparison between two groups with non-normal distribution of data.Optimal scaling regression analysis was used for screening HRQoL related clinical influencing factors.Results All the research objectives finished the questionnaires survey.Compared with health control group,the scores of GRC group were lower,which included quality of life evaluation,physical function,role function,emotional function,cognitive function and social function,and the differences were statistically significant (t =-6.678,-7.111,-10.605,-5.748,-4.765 and-21.170,all P＜0.01).The scores of fatigue,pain,diarrhea,nausea and vomiting,loss of appetite,economic difficulties,dysphagia,abdominal pain,reflux symptoms,diet restricted,anxiety,physical appearance and hair loss were higher,and the differences were significant (t=6.925,4.218,4.728 and Z=-5.236,-7.890,-7.698,-10.058,-3.612,-6.914,-9.711,9.940,-7.987 and-4.966,all P＜0.01).Compared with gastric remnant group,the scores of GRC group were lower,which included quality of life evaluation,physical function,role function,emotional function,cognitive function and social function,and the differences were statistically significant (t=-5.861,-5.821,-7.077,-7.999,-2.808and-5.710,all P＜0.01).However the scores of fatigue,pain,diarrhea,nausea and vomiting,loss of appetite,economic difficulties,dysphagia,diet restricted,anxiety,physical appearance and hair loss were higher,and the differences were significant (t=9.363,6.842 and Z=-2.654,-6.256,-3.266,-4.132,-2.854,-7.996,-4.258 and-2.005,all P＜0.01).Compared with health control group,the score of social function of gastric remnant group was lower and the difference was significant (t =-9.820,P＜ 0.01); the scores of diarrhea,nausea and vomiting,economic difficulties,dysphagia,reflux symptoms,diet restricted,physical appearance and hair loss were higher,the differences were statistical significant (t=3.020 and Z=-1.981,-3.775,-6.505,-6.098,-8.032,-3.369 and-3.147,all P＜0.05) ; the symptom scores of fatigue and pain were lower,the differences were significant (t=-2.890 and-2.439,all P＜0.05).HRQoL of patients was positively correlated with education degree,marital status,family income and the disease course of gastric remnant.Conclusions HRQoL of GRC patients decreased to certain degree.Education degree,marital status,family income and the disease course of gastric remnant were the influential factors of HRQoL in GRC patients.

OBJECTIVEThis overview seeked to bring together the microRNA (miRNA) researches on biogenesis and bio-function in these areas of clinical diagnosis and therapy for malignant glioma.

DATA SOURCESUsing the keyword terms "glioma" and "miRNA," we performed the literature search in PubMed, Ovid, and web.metstr.com databases from their inception to October 2014.

STUDY SELECTIONIn screening out the quality of the articles, factors such as clinical setting of the study, the size of clinical samples were taken into consideration. Animal studied for verification and reviews article were also included in our data collection.

RESULTSDespite many advance in miRNA for malignant glioma, further studies were still required to focus on the following aspects: (i) Improving the understanding about biogenesis of miRNA and up-down regulation; (ii) utilizing high-throughput miRNA expression analysis to screen out the core miRNA for glioma; (iii) Focusing related miRNAs on the signal transduction pathways that regulate the proliferation and growth of glioma.

CONCLUSIONSWe discussed the most promising miRNA, correlative signaling pathway and their relation with gliomas in the way of prompting miRNA target into being a clinical therapeutic strategy.

Brain Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glioma ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics

Objective To study the effect of the Satir model on self-esteem and family relationships of cerebral apoplexy patients.Methods Sixty stroke patients were randomly divided into experiment group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases).The patients and their family in the experimental group underwent the intervention of the Satir model and the conventional rehabilitation.The patients in control group were given conventional rehabilitation only.Both two groups were followed-up for 8 weeks.Both groups were scored with self-esteem scale (SES) and Family Environment Scale (FES-CV) before the intervention and on the 1st day and in the third month after the intervention,the scores were compared between the two groups.Results Scores of the self-esteem,all factor of family environment in two group before intervention were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).After the intervention,the scores of the self-esteem in family environments ( 18.2 ±1.82),intimacy (4.00 ± 1.05),and contradiction ( 1.80 ±0.99) for intervention group,those scores in control group were ( 14.2 ± 3.32 ),( 3.20 ± 0.92 ),( 3.80 ± 1.06 ),respectively,and the difference was significant (t =5.774,3.131,7.516;P ＜0.01 ).In the intervention group,after intervention,the score of the intimacy,emotion expressiveness,amusement,moral and self-esteem in family environments were higher than those before intervention ; the score of contradictory and independence were lower than those before intervention (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The Satir model can not only improve family relationships of cerebral apoplexy patients obviously,but also raise patient's self-respect level,which is helped to the rehabilitation of the stroke patients.