Objective To explore the curative effect of endourological treatment of pediatric urethral hemangioma with holmium laser.Methods Two children with urethral hemangioma were enrolled in this study. One urethral hemangioma in the bulbous urethra,another in the posterior urethra. Modalities of diagnosis before operation included B ultrasound,intravenous urogram(IVU) and endoscopy. Two children with urethral hemangioma underwent holmium laser therapy.Results After endourological trearment with holmium laser, two children had been cured.Six months to 4 years follow-up did not find recurrent urethral hemangioma.Conclusions The diagnosis of pediatric urethral hemangioma mainly rely on endoscopy. Endourological treatment with holmium laser is a minimally invasive,safe and effective methods for pediatric urethral hemangiomas.

Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferons ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Nucleosides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Pyrimidinones ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Retreatment ; Thymidine ; analogs & derivatives ; Treatment Outcome ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

The effects of capsaicin microinjection into area postrema (AP) on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were investigated in 36 anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. The results obtained are as follows. (1) Following microinjection of capsaicin (10 μmol/L, 50 nl) into the AP, MAP, HR and RSNA were significantly increased from 12.34±0.53 kPa, 328.52±7.54 bpm and 100±0% to 15.17±0.25 kPa (P<0.001), 354.81±8.54 bpm (P<0.001) and 156.95±7.57% (P<0.001), respectively. (2) Ruthenium red (RR, 100 mmol/L, 0.2 ml, iv), a capsaicin receptor antagonist, significantly inhibited these effects of capsaicin. (3) Pretreatment with a NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (500 μg/kg, 0.2 ml, iv) also reduced these effects of capsaicin. The above results indicate that microinjection of capsaicin into AP induces excitatory effects on MAP, HR and RSNA, which are mediated by capsaicin receptors with glutamate involvement.

The present study was undertaken to define whether intracarotid injection of capsaicin induces Fos expression associated with the activation of NOS-containing neurons in brainstem nuclei by combining the immunocytochemical method for Fos with NADPH-d histochemical technique for NOS. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Intracarotid injection of capsaicin caused a significant increase of Fos-like immunoreactive neurons in area postrema (AP), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGL) and locus coeruleus (LC), without influence upon the neurons of raphe nuclei (RN) and periaqueductal gray (PAG). (2) NO-containing neurons in PGL and NTS and the double-labeled neurons in PGL were also increased significantly following intracarotid injection of capsaicin. Small numbers of NO-containing neurons were found in LC, but there was no change in the number of NO-containing neurons in RN and PAG. No NADPH-d histochemical activity could be found in AP. (3) The above responses to capsaicin were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with either a capsaicin receptor antagonist ruthenium red or a NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. The above results indicate that intracarotid injection of capsaicin may activate the neurons in brainstem nuclei involved in cardiovascular regulation, and that NO only plays an indirect role in the modulation of the responses of brainstem nuclei to capsaicin. These effects of capsaicin are mediated by capsaicin receptors with involvement of glutamate.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the characteristics of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.

METHODSWe summarized the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytological findings in 4 cases of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.

RESULTSAll the patients presented with signs of elevated intracranial pressure such as headache. Enlarged cerebral ventricles and dural enhancement were found by MRI, with also the presence of malignant cells in cytological slides.

CONCLUSIONCSF cytological examination is important for diagnosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.

Aged ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningeal Carcinomatosis ; cerebrospinal fluid ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Middle Aged

Accidents, Occupational ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Arsenic Poisoning ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Water Pollution, Chemical

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of PC-1 gene knockdown on the biological action of prostate cancer cell line C4-2.

METHODSRecombinant plasmids of expressing short hairpin RNA targeting PC-1 mRNA were constructed using DNA recombinant technology and transfected into C4-2 cells via liposome. The positive cell clones were selected by G418. The expression of PC-1 gene was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting technology. MTT and soft agar cloning formation were applied to observe the changes of the growth rate and independent anchor ability of C4-2 cells.

RESULTSPC-1 RNA interference severely affected the expression of PC-1 gene and reduced the growth and colony formation ability of C4-2 cells.

CONCLUSIONRNA interference-mediated PC-1 gene knockdown can decrease the growth and cloning formation ability of C4-2 cells.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pyrophosphatases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Transfection

AIMTo identify the serum biomarkers of prostate cancer (PCa) by protein chip and bioinformatics.

METHODSSerum samples from 83 PCa patients and 95 healthy men were taken from a mass screening in Changchun, China. Protein profiling was carried out using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). The data of spectra were analyzed using two bioinformatics tools.

RESULTSEighteen serum differential proteins were identified in the PCa group compared with the control group (P < 0.01). There were four proteins at the higher serum level and 14 proteins at the lower serum level in the PCa group. A decision tree classification algorithm that used an eight-protein mass pattern was developed to correctly classify the samples. A sensitivity of 92.0% and a specificity of 96.7% for the study group were obtained by comparing the PCa and control groups.

CONCLUSIONWe identified new serum biomarkers of PCa. SELDI-TOF MS coupled with a decision tree classification algorithm will provide a highly accurate and innovative approach for the early diagnosis of PCa.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Decision Trees ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Informatics ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Proteome ; analysis ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 in tumor cells of synovial sarcoma and its clinical significance.

METHODSExpression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in tumor cells of 72 cases of synovial sarcoma was studied by immunohistochemistry. The profile was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters, microvessel density (MVD) (analyzed by CD31 immunostaining) and survival rate.

RESULTS(1) There was a statistically significant negative correlation between expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 (r = -0.290 and P = 0.013). (2) The proportion of high MMP-2 expression to low TIMP-2 expression in patients with tumor metastasis was significantly higher than that in patients without metastasis (P = 0.010 and 0.002 respectively). (3) MVD of patients with high MMP-2 expression was higher than that in the low MMP-2 expression group (P = 0.005). MVD of patients with high TIMP-2 expression was lower than that in the low TIMP-2 expression group (P = 0.048). (4) Low TIMP-2 expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis of patients with synovial sarcoma, by univariate and multivariate survival analysis (P = 0.002 and 0.016 respectively).

CONCLUSIONSExpression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 correlates with metastatic potential and tumor angiogenesis in synovial sarcoma. Low TIMP-2 expression often indicates poor prognosis and unfavorable clinical outcomes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; statistics & numerical data ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Microcirculation ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; enzymology ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; blood supply ; enzymology ; pathology ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the outcome of radical debridement, reconstruction with bone autograft or allograft and plate internal fixation via the anterior approach for the treatment of cervicothoracic tuberculosis.

METHODSFrom Jun. 2000 to Dec. 2010, 20 patients with cervicothoracic tuberculosis were treated by debridement and bone grafting with internal fixation via the anterior approach. They included 17 males and 3 females who ranged in age from 25 to 46 years (mean 38 years). The course of disease ranged from 3 months to 2 years (mean 12 months). The onset of the disease was chronic in all patients, with main complaints of persistent pain, and cervical stiffness and deformity accompanied with low fever,night sweating and pathologic leanness. Preoperative X-ray, CT or MRI showed that the pathologic change occurred in C7-T1 segment in 10 cases, T1 segment in 6 cases, T1-T3 segment in 3 cases,and T2-T3 segment in 1 case. The Cobb angle ranged from 25 degrees to 60 degrees (mean 35 degrees) before surgery. The Frankel classification was as follows: 2 cases at grade A, 4 cases at grade B, 7 cases at grade C, 2 cases at grade D, and 5 cases at grade E. All the patients underwent a standard cervical approach by combined partial median steotomy and transverse steotomy through the synostosis between the manubrium and body of the sternum to expose the lesion adequately. Radical debridement was performed, and then a tricortical iliac crest bone autograft or allograft was placed and secured by internal fixation to reconstruct the spinal column. The change in Cobb angle and fusion of bone grafting were reexamined by X-ray regularly. The clinical symptoms and neurological function were evaluated according to NDI (neck disability index) score and Frankel classification.

RESULTSThere was no injury to blood vessels, spinal cord or recurrent nerve during surgery. All patients were followed-up from 16 to 39 (mean 25) months. The tuberculosis symptoms disappeared after surgery and there was no tuberculosis recurrence,incision infection, sinus formation and internal fixation failure in any of these patients. ESR re-examination recovered normally. Bony fusion was obtained in all patients and internal fixation position was normal at 3 to 6 month postoperatively. The Cobb angle ranged from 10 degrees to 16 degrees (mean 12 degrees) and NDI was reduced from (48.2 +/- 2.9) to (22.5 +/- 3.1) at the final followed-up. Except for 2 patients at grade A showing no recovery preoperatively, the Frankel classification of the other patients raised 1.5 grade on average at the final followed-up, and the nerve function of the spinal cord recovered at different degrees: 2 at grade A, 1 at grade B, 1 at grade C, 3 at grade D, and 13 at grade E.

CONCLUSIONThe anterior approach can provide direct and safe access to the lesion. The decompression effect of the vertebral canal is significant. The structural iliac crest autograft or allograft and anterior instrumentation could work effectively to stabilize the cervicothoracic junction.

Adult ; Bone Transplantation ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Debridement ; methods ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; surgery