The spine is the most common site of metastatic tumors. The highest incidence of metastatic tumors on the spine is in the lumbar region, followed by the thoracic and cervical levels. Most associated spinal cord lesions, however, are located in the thoracic spine. The goals of surgery is decompression of the neural tissues, prevention of neural injury by stabilization of the unstable spinal column,or pain control. When there is a need to decompress the neurologic tissues,the most direct approach is anterior because the most common site of metastatic tumors is in the vertebral body. Laminectomy alone is not effective in improving neurologic function. Nevertheless,the posterior approach is more accessible, less hazardous, and effective in the correction of deformity if combined with instrumentation. If complete vertebrectomy is feasible in anterior bone strut combined with anterior and posterior stabilization is necessary following the vertebrectomy.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Spinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Locking plate technology offers improved fixation stability in osteopenic bone and for comminuted and periarticular fractures. The additional stability per screw compared with that of conventional nonlocking fixation enhances the application of minimally invasive fracture techniques. The application of locking plates is somewhat more difficult than the placement of conventional plates. Fracture reductions are often done indirectly, the locking screw must be carefully aligned along the axis of the receiving hole to ensure proper tightness, and the length of the plate must be selected carefully. The use of locking plates will likely increase, particularly with the increasing prevalence of osteopenic fractures on our aging population and the increase in high-energy fractures in younger patients severe trauma.
Bone Plates ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Internal Fixators

Objective To analyze the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) in peripheral blood and the therapeutic effect and prognosis of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors.Methods Retrospective analysis was utilized to measure the clinical pathological characteristics and follow-up data of 40 cases with advanced lung adenocarcinoma definitely diagnosed by pathology.Correlation analysis was performed by Spearman test,and comparison of the sample rate was measured by the chi square test.Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method,Log-rank test was used to compare patients survival difference among different groups.COX regression model was utilized to analyze the prognostic factors of patients with lung cancer.Results Through the ROC curve,the optimal cut-off points of NLR and PLR were calculated to be 3.74 and 205.1 respectively.In NLR<3.74 group,objective response rate(ORR),the median progression-free survival(PFS) and the median overall survival(OS) were 86.9%(20/23),9.02 months and 12.37 months respectively.In NLR ≥3.74 group,ORR,the median PFS and the median OS was ORR were 35.2%(6/17),3.15 months and 5.12 months respectively.Compared with NLR ≥ 3.74 group,NLR<3.74 group had a higher ORR(P=0.036),PFS(P=0.011) and OS(P=0.021),the difference was statistically significant.In PLR<205.1 group,ORR,the median PFS and the median OS was ORR were 85.7%(18/21),9.67 months and 14.35 months respectively.In PLR ≥ 205.1 group,ORR,the median PFS and the median OS was ORR were 42.1%(8/19),3.21 months and 9.25 months respectively.Compared with group PLR ≥ 205.1,PLR<205.1 group had a higher ORR(P=0.045) and PFS(P=0.018),the difference was statistically significant.COX multivariate analysis showed that NLR was an independent prognostic factor for PFS(RR=1.091,95%CI:1.004-1.185,P=0.039) and OS(RR=0.986,95%CI:0.932-1.148,P=0.021).PLR was an independent prognostic indicator of PFS(RR=1.100,95%CI:0.996-1.005,P=0.024).Conclusion NLR and PLR may be independent prognostic factors in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in rational drug use through the pharmacy care of an elderly pneumonia patient with Chlamydia psittaci infection and drug-induced liver injury. Methods The clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of one patient with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia and drug-induced liver injury. Based on the results of second-generation gene sequencing, the characteristics of the pathogen were learned by literature search. The clinical pharmacists monitored the patient’s liver and kidney function, provided a new medication treatment plan to Doctors, and performed patient education during the treatment. Results The initial empirical anti-infective treatment with teicoplanin and imipenem-cilastatin was not effective. After the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci and Candida albicans infection, the combination of doxycycline with azithromycin and fluconazole was administered. Drug-induced liver injury was found with this treatment. The clinical pharmacist proposed to switch to doxycycline and clarithromycin with co-administration of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate and polyene phosphatidylcholine to protect the liver. With this new regime, patient's liver function was improved and the infection was under control. Conclusion Individualized pharmaceutical cares provided by clinical pharmacists helped the safe, rational and effective use of medications.

Humans ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Transplantation

The Chinese investigators separated bullet wounds into three zones in the beginning of 1980s: a primary wound tract, a contusion zone adjacent to prinary wound tract, and a concussion zone neighboring the contusion zone. Basing on the research results by MRI scan and pathological observation, the author and his coworkers recently proposed that the gunshot wounds should be divided into four consecutive zones: a primary wound tract, a zone of coagulative necrosis, a zone of muscle disruption, and a zone of muscle distortion. A zone of coagulative necrosis plus a zone of muscle disruption equals to a contusion zone, they are separately named because the former is irreversibly devitalized and the latter still has the ability to recover. The sectionalized method shows the range of debridement and provide reference for the conservative treatment or thoroughly debridement. However, the mechanism of each zone need to be further studied.
Debridement ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Wounds, Gunshot ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo compare the ability of osthole (OST) and genistein (GEN) in enhancing bone peak bone mass of rats to prevent osteoporosis.

METHODSThirty-six female one-month-old SD rats of (125 +/- 3) g body weight were randomly divided into three groups, 12 rats in each group, one group was orally administered osthole at 9 mg x kg(-1) d(-1), one group was given genistein at 10 mg x kg(-1) d(-1) and another was given equal quantity of distilled water as the control. The body weight was monitored weekly and the bone mineral density (BMD) of total body was measured every month. All rats were sacrificed after three months, the femoral bone mineral density, the serum levels of osteocalcin (OC) and anti-tartaric acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) were measured by Elisa. The bone microarchitectures were analyzed with micro-CT and the bone biomechanics properties were tested with universal material machine.

RESULTSNo significant differences were observed between O-treated or GEN group and the control for the food-intake and body weight during three months. However, the rats treated with OST had significant higher BMD for both total body and femur than the control and GEN group. The O-treated rats also had higher level of serum OC and lower level of TRACP 5b. Besides, they owned bigger bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number but smaller trabecular spacing. In the three point bending tests of femurs,they were found to have larger maximum load, the young's modulus and structural model index (SMI).

CONCLUSIONOrally administered osthole could efficiently increase the peak bone mass of rats,which provide new ideas for preventing osteoporosis.

Acid Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Coumarins ; pharmacology ; Female ; Femur ; diagnostic imaging ; drug effects ; pathology ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Isoenzymes ; blood ; Osteocalcin ; blood ; Radiography ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP), among various other options,has become a mainstay in the management of osteoporotic compression vertebral fractures. The purpose of this article is to review complications arising from the procedure and describes methods to minimize them. Complications can be classified as mild,which may include a temporary increase in pain; transient hypotension and cement leakage in the intervertebral disc space or into paravertebral soft tissues, moderate, including infection; extravasation of cement into the foraminal or epidural space and severe such as cement leakage in the paravertebral veins, leading to pulmonary embolism, cardiac perforation, cerebral embolism or even death.
Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Vertebroplasty ; adverse effects

Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Spinal Stenosis ; complications ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo establish osteoblast model, primary cilla model was removed by chloral hyrate, observe effects of osteoblast primary cilla moved on enhancing ALP staining and calcified nodules staining in electromagnetic field.

METHODSThree 3-day-old male SD rats weighed between 6 and 9 g were killed, cranial osteoblast was drawed and adherencing cultured respectively. Cells were subcultured and randomly divided into 4 groups until reach to fusion states. The four groups included chloral hydrate non-involved group (control group), 2 mM, 4 mM and 8 mM chloral hydrate group, and cultured in 37 °C, 5% CO2 incubator for 72 h. Morphology of primary cilla was observed by laser confocal scanning microscope, and incidence of osteoblast primary cilia was analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Cells in the correct concentration group which can removed cillia most effectively were selected and divided into 3 groups, including control group (C), Electromagnetic fields group (EMFs), and EMFs with 4 mM chloral hydrate group. DMEM nutrient solution contained 10%FBS were added into three groups and cultured for 9 days and formation of ALP were observed by histochemical staining of alkaline phosphatase. After 12 days' cultivation, formation of mineralization nodes was observed by alizarin red staining.

RESULTSCompared with control group and 2mM chloral hydrate group,4 mM chloral hydrate group could effectively remove osteoblast primary cilla (P<0.01). Removal of osteoblast primary cilla could weaken the formation of ALP and mineralization nodes in osteoblast in EMFS. Compared with EMFs group, the area of ALP and mineralization nodes in EMFs with 4 mM chloral hydrate group were decreased obviously (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION4mM chloral hydrate could effectively remove osteoblast primary cilia. Primary cilla participate in EMFs promoting formation of ALP and mineralization nodes in osteoblast and provide new ideas for exploring mechanism of EMFs promoting osteoblast maturation and mineralization.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloral Hydrate ; pharmacology ; Cilia ; drug effects ; enzymology ; physiology ; Male ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley