OBJECTIVE:To compare the curative effect of domestic cefoperazone/sulbactam and imported one for lower respiratory infection. METHODS:The curative effects of domestice vs. imported cefoperazone/sulbactam in 201 vs. 198 patients with lower respiratory infection in recent two years in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:The effective rate was 61.6% for imported product and 51.7% for domestic product. Significant difference was noted between 2 groups statistically(P

OBJECTIVE To analyze trimethylation of genome-wide histone H3 lysine 4(H3K4met3) induced by silicon dioxide(SiO2)through chromatin immunoprecipitation linked to microarrays(ChIP-chip)in lung fibroblast(LF)of rats. METHODS A primary co-culture model of rat alveolar macrophages (AM)and LF in vitro. AM were exposed to 100 mg · L-1 free SiO2 for 24 h,before LF were collected and the phenotype of LF was determined after transdifferentiation by immunohistochemistry. ChIP-chip was used to profile the variations of trimethylation in H3K4 of lung fibroblasts in CpG island regions. ChIP-qPCR was used to validate the microarray results. The mRNA expression of nfib and kpna3 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Totally 1815 (518 increased and 1297 decreased) genes of H3K4met3 displayed significant differences in SiO2 100 mg·L-1 group compared with control group(Cy3/Cy5 value>2.0 or <0.5,NimbleScan V2.5 software). The results of ChIP-qPCR were quite consistent with those of microarray. CONCLUSION There are significant differences in methylation of genome-wide H3K4 between SiO2 100 mg·L-1 group and control group. These novel candidate genes may become potential biomarkers or new interfered targets.

To study the chemical constituents of the inflorescences of Coreopsis tinctoria from Xinjiang, isolation and purification of constituents were carried out by column chromatography on macroporous resin (D101) , MCI gel, MDS gel, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicchemical properties and spectral data analysis. Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as coretinterpenoid A (1), coretinphenol (2), quercetin (3), quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (4), luteolin (5), taxifolin (6), 7, 3', 5'-trihydroxyflavanone (7), isookanin (8), isookanin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 5, 7, 3', 5'-tetrahydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), butein (11), okanin (12), sulfuretin (13), and linocinnamarin (14). Compound 1 was a new isabolane-type sesquiterpenoid and compounds 4, 10 and 13 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Coreopsis ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective The three-dimensional finite element model of the normal ankle joint was established to simulate the changes of stress and displacement under stress from different directions and of different magnitudes so as to provide a theoretical basis for the biomechanical mechanism of the ankle joint injury.Methods Spiral CT scan was performed on the left ankle of a 30 year old healthy male volunteer to obtain the original CT image data.The three-dimensional digital model of ankle joint generated by Mimics and Geomagic softwares was imported into the software Ansys.The three-dimensional finite element model of ankle joint with complete anatomical structure was obtained after the main steps of meshing,central node,element linking and module loading using finite element method.Stress from different directions and of different magnitudes were loaded unto the model.The stress changes were measured by foot stress distribution measurement system.The stress changes,displacement change distribution,the stress peak value of heel are,metatarsal stress,and plantar contact stress area as well as the maximum,minimum,and contact are of the tibial articular surface contact stress were compared between the finite element model and the volunteer himself to verify the consistency.Results For the finite element model of normal ankle joint,the plantar peak stress was [(0.33 ± 0.10) MPa],the metatarsal stress was [(0.13 ± 0.21)MPa],the foot contact stress area was [(78.60 ±0.32)mm2],the tibial articular surface maximum contact stress was [(2.72 ± 0.10) MPa],the minimum contact stress was [(1.35 ±0.12)MPa],and the contact stress area was [(79.1 ± 0.14)mm2].For the volunteer,double foot plantar peak stress was [(0.35 ± 0.12)MPa],the metatarsal stress [(0.13 ±0.16)MPa],the foot contact stress area was [(77.3 ± 0.42)mm2],the tibial articular surface maximum contact stress was [(2.79 ± 0.23) MPa],the minimum contact stress was [(1.37 ± 0.20) MPa],and the contact stress area was [(79.10 ±0.14)mm2] (P ＜0.05).Therefore,the three finite element model of ankle joint was basically consistent with the real human ankle joint because of the similiar distribution,trend,and values.Conclusion The three-dimensional finite element model of normal ankle joint can objectively reflect the anatomical structure and biomechanical characteristics of the joint,which is of great value to understand the changes of the internal mechanics and ankle joint injury.

OBJECTIVEFebrile seizure (FS) is a pediatric emergency. The reiterative attacks of FS may result in brain damage to various extents. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate, serving as a cellular energy substance, has been applied to clinical practice for many years and has shown its importance in adjuvant treatment of diseases with myocardial damage. This study aimed to explore the potentiality of protecting rats' brain damage caused by febrile seizure with fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP).

METHODSThirty 21-day-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into febrile seizure group (FS), sodium chloride solution (NS) control group and FDP intervention group (FD). Febrile seizure was induced by hyperthermal bath at 45 degrees C in the present study. No intervention treatment was given to rats in FS group before febrile seizure. Thirty minutes before febrile seizures, rats in FD group were given peritoneal injection of FDP at a dose of 25 mg per 100 g of body weight, whereas the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution was injected into peritoneum of rats in NS group. Manifestations of seizure and differences in seizure latency, duration of seizure and seizure severity were observed in all the 3 groups. Samples of rat brain were prepared for electron microscopy in order to understand the characteristics of the ultrastructural changes in mitochondria, interspace of neuronal synapses and neurons of hippocampal region CA(1).

RESULTSData collected from this study indicated that peritoneal injection of FDP at 25 mg per 100 grams of body weight 30 minutes before febrile seizures could result in improvement of the clinical manifestation of the rats caused by febrile seizures. Specifically speaking, the seizure latency was prolonged, the duration of seizures was shortened and severity of seizure was reduced. Analysis of variance and q-test on the data collected from the 3 groups revealed that there were significant differences between FD group and the other two groups (P < 0.05), yet no significant difference was found between FS group and NS group (P > 0.05). Electron microscopic observations on brain specimens revealed that FDP could relieve mitochondrial degeneration and edema. FDP could also reduce neuronal degeneration and necrosis in hippocampal region CA(1) (the percentages of neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the 3 groups were respectively 13% for FD group, 28% for FS group and 30% for NS group). There was a significant difference between FD group and the other two groups (P < 0.05), FDP treatment could prevent interspace of neuronal synapses from enlarging (the mean interspace was 6.47 +/- 0.37 micro m for FD group, 7.60 +/- 0.36 micro m for FS group and 7.53 +/- 0.40 micro m for NS group. The difference between FD group and the other two groups was significant (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONFDP could lead to prolonged seizure latency, shorter duration of seizures and mitigation of seizures severity. FDP could also reduce neuronal degeneration and necrosis and prevent the interspace of neuronal synapses from enlarging in hippocampal region CA(1). The present study suggests that FDP can protect brain of rat from damages caused by febrile seizures.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fructosediphosphates ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seizures, Febrile ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Abstract: Objective　To predict the potential distribution of talaromycosis marneffei (TSM) and analyze its driving factors, so as to provide evidence for the surveillance and prevention of this disease. Methods　The data of all laboratory-confirmed, non-duplicating TSM published in the English and Chinese literature from the first case in January 1964 to December 2018 was collected. A Maxent ecology model using environmental variables, Rhizomys distribution and HIV/AIDS epidemic was developed to forecast ecological niche of TSM worldwide, as well as identify the driving factors. Results　A total of 705 articles (477 in Chinese and 228 in English) were obtained during the study period. After excluding imported cases, a total of 100 foci information were included in the model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of the model was 0.997 for the training set and 0.991 for the test set. Maxent model revealed that Rhizomys distribution, mean temperature of warmest quarter, precipitation of wettest month, HIV/AIDS epidemic and mean temperature of driest quarter were the top 5 important variables affecting TSM distribution. In addition to identifying traditional TSM endemic areas (South of the Yangtze River in China, Southeast Asian, North and Northeast India), other potential endemic areas were also identified, including parts of the North of the Yangtze River, Central America, West Coast of Africa, East Coast of South America, the Korean Peninsula and Japan. Conclusion　Our finding has discovered hidden high-risk areas and provided insights about driving factors of TSM distribution, which will help inform surveillance strategies and improve the effectiveness of public health interventions against TM infections.

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively investigate the diagnosis and the outcome of Caroli's disease treated by surgical procedures.

METHODSThe clinical data of 68 patients with Caroli's disease treated by surgical procedures between 1996 and 2002 were reviewed, retrospectively.

RESULTSThe patients, with a M/F ratio of 1:1.35 and a mean age of 46, presented mainly with recurrent cholangitis. Of all the patients, 26 had a history of operation for cholelithiasis or cholangitis. On admission, the image investigations suggested that the lesions located at left lobe in 44 patients, right lobe in 9 patients, and whole liver in 15 patients. The coexisting cyst in common bile duct was found in 20 patients. The malignant transformation was found in 5 patients (8.8%). Hepatectomy was performed in 82.4% of patients, with a morbidity rate of 15.0% and mortality rate of 0 after the surgery. The long-term outcome of symptom-free in hepatectomy group was 90.2%, significantly higher than the 33.3% in non-hepatectomy group (P < 0.01) after a 3 to 10 years of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSHepatectomy offers a curative procedure for local Caroli's disease, and liver transplantation is a good option for diffuse sufferers.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Caroli Disease ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

The aim of the study is to investigate rat intestinal absorption behavior of three main active components, schisandrol A, schisandrin A and schisandrin B in Schisandra chinensis Baill extracts in intestine of rats. With phenol red as the indicator, in situ single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model was used and the concentrations of three main active components in perfusion solution of different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon) were determined by HPLC in combination with diode array detection. The results showed that the absorption rate constant (Ka) and effective permeability values (Peff) of three main active components in Schisandra chinensis Baill extracts had significant difference (P < 0.05) at different concentrations of perfusion solution, the Ka and Peff first increased and then decreased with the increase of drug concentration, the middle concentration was higher than those of the other two concentrations. The saturate absorption phenomena were observed, and it suggested that the transport mechanisms of three main active components in vivo were similar to active transport or facilitated diffusion. Three active components can be well absorbed in all of the intestinal segments, while duodenum is the best absorption region. The Ka and Peff of three active components in jejunum and ileum had no significant difference (P > 0.05). The absorption of the three active components displayed significant difference (P < 0.05) at different intestinal segments of rats. Schisandrin A had the best absorption in duodenum. The Ka and Peff among three active components were sequenced as follows: schisandrin A > schisandrin B > schisandrol A in other intestinal segments, and there is significant difference (P < 0.05) between them.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Colon ; metabolism ; Cyclooctanes ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Duodenum ; metabolism ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Ileum ; metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Jejunum ; metabolism ; Lignans ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Perfusion ; Permeability ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polycyclic Compounds ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Schisandra ; chemistry

Objective To investigate a possible protective effect of sodium ferulate (SF) on monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced neurotoxicity in adult mice. Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into control, SF, MSG, and MSG+SF [20,40,80mg/(kg·d)] groups, n=10. The animals in MSG group received intragastric (ig) administration of MSG (2.0g/(kg·d)], the animals in the MSG+SF groups received simultaneously ig administration of MSG [2.0 g/(kg·d)] and intraperitoneal (ip) administration of SF [20,40,80mg/(kg·d)], the animals in SF group received ip administration of SF [40mg/ (kg·d)], and the animals in control group received ig and ip administration of normal saline, respectively, once-daily for 10d. On day 1 after the last ig administration of MSG or (and) SF the behavioural tests (test of Y-maze discrimination learning and open field test) were performed, and on day 4 after the treatment of MSG or (and) SF the histopathology of the animal brains was studied to analyze the MSG-induced functional and morphological changes and the possible protective effect of SF. Results The correct responses of Y-maze test on day 6 after the last administration of MSG and/or SF in MSG-treated group (13.83/20) were significantly less than those in control (16.42/20)(P<0.01), and those in MSG[2.0g/(kg·d)]+SF[40mg/(kg·d)]-treated mice (16.30/20) were close to those in control (P>0.05). Examination of histopathology displayed MSG-treated hippocampal lesions characterized by intracellular edema, degeneration and necrosis of neurons, and hyperplasia, and the hippocampal lesion did not appear in the MSG [2.0g/(kg·d)]+SF[40mg/(kg·d)]-treated mice. Conclusions SF partially countered the behavior disorders and hippocampal lesions induced by MSG; therefor, SF has a potent neuroprotection against MSG-induced neurotoxicity in adult mice.

Fingerprint technology is the key technology in modern Chinese medicine research, while spectrum-effect relationship research is the advanced stage of fingerprint research. Spectrum-effect relationship research can reveal the relationship between fingerprint and pharmacological effect through multiple statistical analyses, which can be used in Chinese medicine research. Spectrum-effect relationship has been used in many areas of Chinese medicine research, such as effective basis of single and compound Chinese medicine research, component compatibility research, processing mechanism research, pharmacological effect forecast research, technology optimization research, and so on. This paper systematically reviewed the application of spectrum-effect relationship in Chinese medicine research, and indicated some problems in spectrum-effect relationship research. At last, the authors give an outlook of the future of spectrum-effect relationship research.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Spectrum Analysis