Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Charcoal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Enema ; Female ; Gastric Lavage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the distribution of the common pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance in urinary tract infection for clinical reference of rational use of antibacterials. METHODS:The medical records of patients hospitalized in urinary surgery in our hospital from Jan. to Oct. in 2008 were retrospectively collected for analyses of the results of mid-stream urine culture and antibiotic resistance,meanwhile,the current utilization of antibacterials in urinary surgery was analyzed. RESULTS:Gram negative bacilli were the major pathogenic bacteria in urinary tract infection(61.82%),of which,escherichia coli represented 58.82%,and the resistant rates of the gram negative bacilli to imipenem,amikacin,cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam were 8.82%,8.82%,11.76% and 11.76%,respectively. CONCLUSION:The antibiotics should be used rationally according to the result of susceptibility test in treating patients with urinary tract infection.

ObjeclJve To definine the corresponding value to glycated albumin(GA)for a specific target of HbAlc,and to elvaluate the relationship between GA and HbA1c.Methods From Oct.2006 TO Apr.2009, 2 532 subjects were enrolled who accepted oral glucose tolerance test(OGtt)in out-patient department,including 898 with normal glucose regulation,695 with impaired glucose regulation,and 939 with newly-diagnosed diabetes.GA was measured with liquid enzymatic method.HbA1c was measured with high performance liquid chromatography method.The plasma glucose was measured at fasting,0.5 h,1 h,2 h,and 3h after glucose load.The correlation among GA,HbA1c and the other parameters monitored was analyzed.Results (1)The levels of HbA1c and GA in 2 532 subjects were(6.3±1.1)% and(17.9±4.5)%.The ratio of GA/HbA1c was 2.85±0.51.(2)HbAlc and GA were positively correlated with fasting,0.5 h,1 h,2 h and 3 h plasma glucose(r was in 0.567-0.776,atl P<0.01).(3)GA was significantly correlated with HbA1c(r=0.701,P<0.01).Linear regression analysis,using GA and HbA1c summarized by patient(n=2 532),produced a relationship of GA=2.871×HbA1c-0.112.The change in GA per increase of 1% HbA1c was 2.87%.When HbA1c level was 6.5%,the expected value of GA was 18.5%.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy with GA≤18.5% to predict HbA1c≤6.5% were 82.32%,72.49%,86.48%.65.73%,and 79.19%,respectively.When HbA1c level was 7.0%,the expected value of GA was 20.O%.When HbA1c level was 7.5%.the expected value of GA was 21.4%.Conclusions We initially establish the corresponding value to GA for a specific target of HbA1c and provide the basis for clinical application.

To investigate the relationship between serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab)titer and the first-phase insulin release (1PH)in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. 1053 newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were divided into 3 groups, including 71 individuals with GAD-Ab≥1 U/ml (positive group), 171 individuals with GAD-Ab ranging from 0 to 1 U/ml (negative-1 group), and 811 individuals with GAD-Ab=0 (negative-2 group). IPH was evaluated by arginine stimulation test. In the patients of negative-2, negative-1, and positive groups, the respective values of 1 PH were subsequently decreased significantly (P< 0. 01) , and the detection rates of the decreased insulin secretion were 74. 85%, 87. 13%, and 100%, respectively. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that disease duration, GAD-Ab titer, HbA_1C, and body mass index were the major independent contributing factors. The titer of GAD-Ab has an important impact on 1PH defect in type 2 diabetic patient. Detection of GAD-Ab not only provides an evidence for clinical type, but would also be helpful in determining the islet β-cell function.

Objective To improve the knowledge and diagnostic ability of imagiology on neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) computed radiograph(CR).Methods The doubtful patients were done to photographs bedside using the high resolution imaging plate, 50 cases of newborn with NRDS were selected whose clinical diagnosed clearly and had been treated and had the complete CR image documents.The CR change and clinical characteristics were observed dynamically.Results Nine of 50 cases were combined with aspirated pneumonia,8 cases with infective pneumonia,3 cases with intra-alveolar hemorrage,and 2 cases with pneumothorax.Accoding to X-ray manifestations,all cases were divided into four stages:Ⅰ stage(n=5), Ⅱ stage(n=20),Ⅲ stage(n=22),Ⅳstage(n=3).Typical CR signs included:the pulmonary lucency decreasd,wide-ranging net and grain shadowes of high density, and in companing with a lot of air brunchus sing.Conclusions Computed radiography is the most important imaging method in diagnosis of NRDS bedside ,and shall be improved the ability of diagnosis and differential of NRDS combined with the clinic.

Objective To evaluate the high?risk factors for brain metastases after prophylactic cranial irradiation ( PCI), and to provide a basis for personalized treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 188 patients with limited?stage small?cell lung cancer who received PCI in our hospital from 2005 to 2010. The Kaplan?Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative rate of brain metastases. The log?rank test and the Cox model were used for the univariate and multivariate analyses of the potential factors for the cumulative incidence of brain metastases, respectively. Results In the 188 patients, 31 ( 16?5%) had brain metastases. The 1?, 2?, and 3?year cumulative incidence rates of brain metastases were 4%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that staged Ⅲ disease before treatment, elevated levels of tumor markers, incomplete remission after chemoradiotherapy, and local?regional relapse were risk factors for high incidence of brain metastases ( P= 0?044, 0?037, 0?005, 0?007) . The multivariate analysis revealed that incomplete remission after chemoradiotherapy and local?regional relapse after chemoradiotherapy were risk factors for high incidence of brain metastases after PCI ( P= 0?003, 0?040 ) . Conclusions Patients with incomplete remission or local?regional relapse after chemoradiotherapy have high incidence of brain metastases after PCI. For those patients, a frequent follow?up of the central nervous system plus salvage cranial irradiation might provide an alternative to PCI.

AIM: To study the effects of norepinephrine preconditioning(NE-P) and ischemic preconditioning (IP)on apoptosis and Bcl-2, Bax expression in rat myocardial cells in myocardial ischemic reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: The model of rat ischemic-reperfusion was used to conduct NE-preconditioning. Apoptotic myocytes were detected with TUNEL. Bcl-2, Bax expression were detected with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The rate of apoptosis cells in I/R group was higher, the rate of apoptosis cells in NE-P group and IP was lower significantly than that in I/R group( P0.05). CONCLUSION: NE-P reduced myocyte apoptosis by I/R in rats; The expression of Bcl-2 ,Bax genes played an important role in myocardial apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of low-power laser on myofascial pain syndrome. Methods73 self-controlled patients with myofascial pain syndrome were irradiated on myofascial trigger points with Nd:YAG laser in wavelength 830nm, power 500mW, 20 minutes per day for 5 times. At pre-and post-treatment,pain intensity and pressure pain of myofascial trigger points were checked. ResultsAfter treatment, score of pain intensity was reduced signficantly from (7.24±2.41) to (2.21±1.22) (P<0.001). The pressure pain of myofascial trigger points were improved . Conclusions Low-power laser can reduce the pain intensity and increase the pressure pain threshold of myoficial trigger points.

OBJECTIVETo assess the relationship between the XRCC1 polymorphism and susceptibility to lung cancer in non-smoking female on the basis of a hospital-based case-control study.

METHODSGenotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 50 patients with lung cancer and 50 controls. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression model to study the relationship between different genotypes and risk of lung cancer in non-smoking women. Furthermore, a multiplicative interaction between exposure to cooking oil smoke and the variant XRCC1 399Gln allele on risk of lung adenocarcinoma was evaluated.

RESULTSIndividuals carrying Gln/Gln genotype were at an increased risk to suffer from lung adenocarcinoma as compared with those with the Arg/Arg genotype (OR: 14.12; 95% CI: 2.14 approximately 92.95, adjusted for age and cooking oil smoke). The OR of lung adenocarcinoma for the variant XRCC1 399Gln allele with exposure to cooking oil smoke was 6.29 (95% CI 1.99 approximately 19.85).

CONCLUSIONThe above described findings indicate that Arg 399Gln polymorphism in the XRCC1 is associated with risk of lung adenocarcinoma but not with risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung in non-smoking women.

Adenocarcinoma ; etiology ; genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; adverse effects ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cooking ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Assessment ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1

OBJECTIVEUsing the health economics methodology to assess the screening program on gastric cancer in Zhuanghe high risk area for gastric cancer, from 2001 to 2003 and to assess the feasibility on cost of the screening program and to provide a basis for the popularization of the two-time gastric cancer screening methodology.

METHODSThree major techniques of medical economics namely cost-effective analysis (CEA), cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and cost-utility analysis (CUA) were used to assess the screening program. The screening program was composed of two steps: (1) epidemiological survey and detection of blood pepsinogen; (2) gastroscopy and biopsy of membrane. 'Number of deaths reduced' was used to evaluate the effect during cost-effective analysis while cost-benefit analysis would include the evaluation on the direct cost and indirect cost, direct benefit and indirect benefit as well as the cost-benefit ratio (CBR). During CUA, a questionnaire of WHOQOL-BREF was used to assess the value of the utility while the number of quality adjusted life year (QALY) saved by the screening program was also computed. The direct cost of per saved QALY was also calculated.

RESULTSDada from CEA showed that: investing every 8448 Yuan on screening program and treatment in Zhuanghe high risk area of gastric cancer, one gastric cancer patient could be avoided. Results from CBA showed that: direct cost was 1,260,000 Yuan while indirect cost was 40 621 Yuan with direct benefit as 101 500 Yuan and indirect benefit as 1 540 979 Yuan. The total cost however, was 1,300,621 Yuan with total benefit as 2,555,979 Yuan and CBR was 1:1.97. Data from CUA showed that: a total number of 331.44 QALY was saved, 11.43 QALY was saved by reducing one death, 3802 Yuan per QALY was saved in high risk area of gastric cancer, through this screening program.

CONCLUSIONThe screening program of gastric cancer appeared to be an economic and society-beneficial measure regarding primary prevention in high risk area of gastric cancer. We also suggested that in the future, evaluations through health economics methodologies on different screening programs be carried out in the same population to solve the problem of comparability.

Adult ; China ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Health ; Humans ; Male ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Risk ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; economics