Actins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carotid Artery Injuries ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Rats ; Troponin ; metabolism

Objective To study the causes of conversions to open surgery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of conversions to open surgery during LC in this hospital between April 1998 to March 2002. Results Of 1368 cases of LC, conversions were required in 60 cases, the rate of conversion being 4.39%. Reasons leading to conversions included: 17 cases of adhesion in abdominal cavity and Calot's triangle, 14 cases of acute cholecystitis or recovery period of acute cholecystitis, 2 cases of carcinoma of gallbladder, 5 cases of internal fistula of blie duct to intestinal tract, 2 cases of common bile duct stones, 6 cases of atrophic cholecystitis, 2 cases of bleeding, 2 cases of bile duct injuries, 2 cases of Mirrizi's syndrome, 1 case of biliary fistula, 1 case of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, and 6 cases of other reasons. Conclusions Conversions to open surgery during LC are chiefly due to the unclear exposure of Calot's triangle, as well as the inadequacy of skills and experience of surgeons.

Objective To evaluate the safety and therapeutic effects of laparoscopic-assisted resection of the right colon for right colon cancer.Methods Laparoscopy-assisted resection of the right colon was performed on 21 patients with right colon cancer.The separation of the mesentery,ligation of the mesenteric vessels,and lymphectomy were completed by laparoscopy.And the resection of the right colon and end-to end anastomosis of the residual bowels were performed through a small incision in the abdomen.Results The operation was completed in all the cases without conversion to open surgery.The operation time was 136-248 min(mean,153.6 min).The length from the upper and lower ends of the resected colon to the tumor was(10.8?3.6)and(10.2?3.5)cm respectively.A mean of 9.7?4.9 lymph nodes were resected.One patient developed infection of the incision,and was cured by debridement 3 months later.A mean of 19 months(range,3-36)follow-up was achieved in 17 of the patients.During this period,liver metastasis occurred in 2 patients(8 and 20 months respectively after the operation).No implantation at the incision or puncture site was found in this series.Conclusions Laparoscopic-assisted resection of the right colon is safe and feasible for patients with colon cancer.The outcome of this procedure is as good as that of open surgery.

A promoter-trap vector pGBT14 for selecting promoters of fungus gene was constructed with E. coli-yeast shuttling plasmid pGBT9. Using this vector, a0. 5-2. 0kb chromosomal DNA library of Cepholosporium acremonium was constructed, and twenty four DNA fragments with promoter function in Saccharomyces oerevisiae Y153 were selected from this DNA library. And the promoter function of these DNA fragments was analyzed.

Objective To investigate the effect of imbedding chemotherapy of sustained release of 5-fluorouracil on the healing of colonic stoma in dog. Methods Twenty-eight adult hybrid dogs were randomly divided into chemotherapy group (n=22) and control group (n=6). The canine sigmoid colon were firstly detached and then anastomosed via median abdominal incision, 200 mg sustained release of 5-fluorouracil was imbedded in the mesentery 1.0-1.5 cm away from colonic stoma in chemotherapy group, whereas the control substance was injected into the dogs in control group. Tissue samples were collected from mesentery and stomas on 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after operation, respectively, in order to observe the healing of stoma. The drug concentrations in the stoma and in the tissues that were 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 cm away from the imbedding point were also measured by high performance liquid chromatography method at different phases. Results The tissues from colonic stoma only showed inflammatory reaction at early stage, with no necrosis and cellular degeneration. It was observed that the stoma healed basically on the tenth day after operation. The drug concentrations in the tissues gradually decreased at the range of 0-15 cm over time, but all of which were higher than the anti-tumor effective concentration (0.10 ?g/g). Conclusion The imbedding chemotherapy of sustained release of 5-fluorouracil in mesentery has little effect on the healing of stoma, and it could remain an effective anti-tumor concentration in a period of time.

Objective To investigate the expression and its clinical significance of serum urotensin Ⅱ(UⅡ)and nitric oxide(NO)in chronic cor pulmonale patients in acute exacerbation.Methods Totally 55 cases of chronic cor pulmonale in acute exacerbation(chronic cor pulmonale group)from Respiratory Department of First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University during Nov.2006 to Mar.2007 and 40 healthy volunteers(normal control group)were collected.The levels of serum UⅡ and NO were detected in 55 cases of chronic cor pulmonale in acute exacerbation and 40 normal controls respectively.The condition of everyone's smoking history was collected.Arterial blood gas analysis was made in 37 cases of chronic cor pulmonale in acute exacerbation.The relationship among the levels of serum UⅡ,NO and PaO2,PaCO2,smoking history was observed.Results The levels of serum UⅡ and NO in chronic cor pulmonale in acute exacerbation were significantly higher than those of normal control group(all P

Objective To study the effects of oxymatrine as inhibitor of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (HFRSV) infection in vitro and in vivo.Methods In vitro studies,a dose of oxymatrine without cytotoxicity and 76-118 strain of HFRSV was taken to treat Vero cells in three ways:①After treated with oxymatrine for 48 h,Vero cells were attacked by HFRSV at dilution of 10-1 ～ 10-6,respectively for 24 h before changing to maintenance medium; ②Vero cells were first attacked by HFRSV of 10-1 ～ 10-6 dilution respectively,then oxymatrine was used for 48 h before changing to maintenance medium; ③Vero cells were attacked by HFRSV at dilution of 10-1 ～ 10-6 respectively,and meanwhile treated with oxymatrine for 48 h before changing to maintenance mcdium.Each dilution handled four porocytes,and four positive controls were set up at the same time.Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was performed to determine the inhibitory effect of oxymatrine in experimental group and positive control.In vivo studies,thirty 2-week-old hamsters,weighing about 30-40 g,were divided into experimental and control groups according to body weight,n =15.These aninals were inoculated intraperitoneally with HFRSV in 100TCID50(0.1 ml each); on days 4-13,0.1 ml of oxymatrine 1:100 were given to each hamster in experimental group daily by intraperitoneal injection,while the same amount of saline was given to the control ones.Lung tissue of hamsters was then dissected out to slice to be identified by immunofluorcscence stain.Results It was demonstrated that oxymatrine with the diluted fractions of 1:8 was safe in vitro.When the virus dilution of HFRSV was l0-4,compared with control groups,the differences were statistically significant in method 2 and 3 (z =-2.53,-2.53,all P ＜ 0.05),while no statistical significance in method 1 (z＝5.36,P＞ 0.05).When the virus dilution of HFRSV was 10-1 ～ 10-3,10-5,10-6,the differences were not statistically significant (z--0.00,-0.32,-0.19,4.21,4.21,all P ＞ 0.05).In vivo studies,compared with control group,the differences were statistically significant in experimental group (z =-3.85,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Oxymatrine significantly inhibites HFRSV.

Objective To evaluate the respiratory mechanics and inflammatory status in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).Methods The arterial blood gases (ABGs),respiratory drive and its derivatives,mechanics of respiratory muscles,resistance and compliance of airway,interleukin-8 (IL-8)and interferon-?(IFN-?)were measured in 42 cases withstable COPD and 40 subjects of normal control.Results The elderly patients with stable COPD had great changes in the following parameters while compared with the control group:peak inspiratory pressure(PIMAX) [(4.48?2.11)vs(6.10?2.91)kPa],maximum expiratory pressure (PEMAX)[(6.30?3.20)vs(9.15?93.30)kPa],0.1s mouth occlusion pressure(P_(0.1)) with its correction index,airway resistance,compliance,ABGs,the levels of IL-8[(218.46?91.14) vs (161.84?14.40)ng/L]and IFN-?[(2435.82?639.92)vs(1652.40?95.08)ng/L],which might aggravate the progress of COPD consistently.Conclusions The elderly patiends with stable COPD has marked changes in respiratory drive,airway resistance,and airway compliance,respiratory mechanic and inflammatory status.The intervention should be performed in the elderly stable COPD patients.

Objective To compare the volume kinetics of lactated Ringer' s solution during induction of general and epidural anesthesia in elderly patients.Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 66-86 yr,weighing 45-86 kg,undergoing elective surgery,were studied.In epidural anesthesia group (n =20),lactated Ringer' s solution was infused intravenously starting from 10 min before epidural anesthesia was performed with local anesthetics.In general anesthesia group (n =20),lactated Ringer' s solution 1000 ml was infused intravenously over 60 min starting from 20 min before induction of anesthesia.Arterial blood samples were obtained every 5 min for measurement of hemoglobin concentrations.The plasma dilution,volume increase,and volume expansion efficacy were calculated.Results The plasma dilution,volume increase and volume expansion were significantly higher at 30-60 min of lactated Ringer' s solution infusion in general anesthesia group than in epidural anesthesia group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion The volume expansion of lactated Ringer' s solution is greater in elderly patients during induction of general anesthesia than that during induction of epidural anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the pathogens,drug resistance and outcomes of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis in our peritoneal dialysis(PD) centers. Method Data including clinical manifestations,pathogens,treatment,outcome of 93 CAPD cases with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis in our peritoneal dialysis(PD) centers were retrospectively analyzed.Results Dialysate culture of 75cases was positive with a positive rate of 80.2％,including 45 cases of gram-positive cocci,21cases of gram-negative bacilli,2 cases of fungi and 5 cases of mixed infection.Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common gram-positive cocci.All the gram-positive cocci were sensitive to vancomycin,but the resistance rate to cefazolin was 60.0％ with an increasing tendence year by year.Resistance rate of gram-negative bacilli to ceftazidime was 46.1％.All the gram-negative bacilli were sensitive to imipenem.The withdraw rate of CAPD was 17.2％(16/93) because of peritonitis. Noobviousside-effectofperitonealadministrationofvancomycinwasfound.Conclusions Gram-positive cocci are major pathogens in CAPD-related peritonitis.Now cefasolin is not suitable for the empiric initial treatment.Peritoneal administration of vancomycin should be recommended for peritonitis caused by gram-positive cocci.