Leu-enkphalin-like(L-ENK-L)neurons of the hypothalamus and its adjacentarea of the rat were stained immunohistochemically.It has been found that besidesthe area previously reported in the literature L-ENK-L neurons are also present inSFO and the ependyma of the third ventricle.By combining WGA-HRP retrogradetracing and immunohistochemical method,L-ENK-L neurons in supraoptic nucleus,paraventricular nucleus,periventricular area and anterior fornical nucleus were foundto project to the posterior pituitary,in which some neurons squeeze in between theependymal cells.The subependymal neurons may serve as a link between the ven-tricle and the posterior pituitary.

To analyze the reasons for the formation of constipation,the causes,clinical manifestations,surgical indications and surgical treatment were analyzed,focusing on slow transit constipation,outlet obstruction constipation and mixed constipation.Grasping surgery indications is stressed in surgical treatment of constipation.Only appropriate procedure can obtain satisfactory results.

Objective To investigate the effect of intervention nursing on the formation of pressure ulcer in hypoalbuminemia patients with renal transplantation.Methods From February 2011 to June 2015,the 134 cases of hypoalbuminemia patients with renal transplantation in our hospital were divided into the observation group (73 cases)and the control group (61 cases).The control group were given conven-tional nursing methods for prevention of pressure ulcers,and the observation group were given corresponding intervention nursing measures on the basis of pressure ulcer risk factors.Then assessed the risk factors of pressure ulcers,the occurrence of pressure ulcers,and the rate of nursing satisfaction.Results The incidence of pressure ulcer in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P <0.05).The rate of nursing satisfaction in the observation group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05).The risk factors for hypoalbuminemia patients with renal transplantation were decrease of sensory response,increase of moisture in the compressed part,and increase of friction and shear forces in the compressed part.The occurrence of these risks could be significantly decreased after inter-vention nursing.Conclusion Effective nursing care can significantly reduce the incidence of pressure sores in hypoalbuminemia patients with renal transplantation and improve the nursing satisfaction.This method can be recommended for clinical nursing care for prevention of periop-erative pressure ulcer.

Objective To explore expression of IL -33 and IL -33 mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with ankylosing spondylitis,and analyze the clinical significance,so as to provide scientific reference for the treatment and prognosis of the disease.Methods From February 201 4 to May 201 6,32 patients with ankylosing spondylitis were included as study group,30 healthy persons were selected as control group.Real -time quantitative PCR and enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect IL -33 mRNA level in peripheral blood and IL -33 level in plasma of subjects.Results Compared with the control group (1 .23 ±0.58),IL -33 mRNA in peripheral blood of patients in the study group was higher(1 .74 ±0.75),and the difference was statistically significant (t =2.981 , P =0.004).ELISA results showed that IL -33 level in plasma of the study group was higher (227.30 ±45.67)pg/mL than the the control group (1 1 4.70 ±39.58)pg/mL,the difference was statistically significant (t =1 0.344,P <0.01 ).Compared with the control group,the ESR,CRP and PLT of the study group were significantly higher[(47.80 ± 4.73)mm/h,(42.60 ±3.38)mg/L,(329.60 ±48.39)×1 09 /L](t =42.542,54.722,1 4.040,all P <0.01 ).IL -33 in plasma and IL -33 mRNA in peripheral blood of ankylosing spondylitis patients were positively correlated with BASDAI(r =0.472,0.457,all P <0.05),CRP(r =0.71 3,0.687,all P <0.05).Conclusion IL -33 and IL -33 mRNA in patients with ankylosing spondylitis significantly increase,indicates that they should play important role in the occurrence and development of ankylosing spondylitis.

Objective To investigate the expression of T help cell 1(Th1),T help cell 2(Th2)and related cytokines interleukin 12 (IL -12)and interleukin 4 (IL -4)in the lumbar disc herniation and their clinical significance. Methods 30 postoperative patients with lumbar disc herniation were included as observation group.The control group included 10 patients with lumbar fracture.Flow cytometry was used to distinguish the Th1 and Th2 cells.ELISA was used to measure the expression of interferon γ(IFN -γ),IL -12(the cytokines secreted by Th1 cells)and IL -4 (the cytokine secreted by Th2 cells).RT -PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of STAT4 and STAT6.Results The distribution of Th1 /Th2 cells was higher in patients with lumbar disc herniation compared to the control group [(6.24 ±2.89)vs (25.12 ±3.20),t =16.26,P <0.05;(2.68 ±0.58)vs (8.16 ±1.20),t =3.84,P <0.05]. The levels of IFN -γand IL -12 in the study group were significantly higher than the control group,the differences were statistically significant[(23.47 ±5.61)vs (7.65 ±3.21),t =8.422,P <0.05;(1.52 ±0.87)vs (5.34 ± 1.39),t =8.135,P <0.05].The level of IL -4 was undetectable in the control group,however,IL -4 expressed in the study group.The expressions of IL -12,IFN -γand IL -4 in the study group were negatively correlated by Spearman correlation analysis (r =-0.57,P <0.05;r =-0.23,P <0.05).In addition,the mRNA level of STAT4 was higher in patients with lumbar disc herniation compared to the control group[(3.21 ±0.49)vs (1.12 ±0.24), t =13.15,P <0.05].Conclusion The expressions of Th1 cells,Th2 cells and related cytokines were participated in the pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation.

PAP and ABC methods have been used to detect the Oxytocin-like (OXT-L) neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat and the results obtained were compared with the CT-HRP retrograde tracing study from the posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus by Ju et al. It was verified that the projections to the posterior pituitary came from the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, anterior and posterior fornical nucleus, perivascular cell groups, preoptic and anterior hypothalamic areas, the dorsal accessory cell groups, and the periventricular area, especially forming subependymal plexuses along the lateral wall of the third ventricle and beneath the interventricular foramen. By combining WGA-HRP retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry methods, OXT-L neurons in all the above listed nuclei or cell groups were found to project to the posterior pituitary. The subependymal plexuses may serve as a link between the CSF in the ventricles and the posterior pituitary.

Chemokine CXCL12 ; Child ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; Receptors, CXCR4

Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; CD79 Antigens ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Leukosialin ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Prostatitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the damage to the brochial plexus produced by pulsed radiofrequency (PRF)and radiofrequency thermocoagulation(RFTC).Methods Fifty-five male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups:groupⅠPRF(n=25):groupⅡRFTC(n=25)and groupⅢnormal control(n=5).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate.The left brochial plexus was exposed and PRF or RFTC was applied to the left brochial plexus.The voltage and current of the minimal stimulation which elecited muscle twitching and the impedance before and after operation were recorded in group PRF and RFTC.The nerve function was scored according to Tarloo(0=flaccid paresis,5=normal gait)before and at 3d after operation.The animals were killed and the left brachial plexus was removed immediately and at 1, 7,14,30 d after operation(n=5 at each time point)for determination of histopathological changes using microscope.Results The impedance and Tarlov score were significantly decreased after operation as compared to the baseline values before operation in group RFTC and were also significantly lower than in group PRF. Microscopic examination showed that the myelinated nerve fibers exhibited Wallerian degeneration and axon regeneration and the cytochondria in cylindraxile were severely injured or disappeared in group RFTC.The myelinated nerve fibers and the cytochondria in cylindraxile were significantly less injured after operation in group PRF than in group RFTC and returned to normal at 7 d and 30 d respectively.Conclusion The injury to brachial plexus produced by PRF is slighter than that produced by RFTC.

Objective To investigate the influence of clinical results of early low frequency training for acute Achilles tendon rupture after anchors repair.Methods A total of 35 patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture were treated with early low frequency training after anchors repair,including 28 males and 7 females.Aged 18 to 37 years, mean 26 years old.Duration 2h to 5d from injury to therapy.All patients palpated the discontinuity of Achilles tendon, limitative activity of ankle plantar flexion,Thompson test was positive,and MRI examination was taken.Results 35 patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months,with an average follow -up of 14.5 months.According to the Amer-Lindholm score,excellent in 30 cases,good in 5 cases,the good rate was 100%.All the wounds were healed, without infection,dehiscence,sural nerve injury and re -rupture occurred.Conclusion Early low frequency training after anchors repair for acute Achilles tendon rupture is safe and reliable,patients can receive a better functional outcome.