Amomi Fructus （AF） refers to the dried mature fruit of Amomum villosum A. villosum. var. xanthiondes， and A. longiligulare， all belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. As one of the renowned "Four Southern Medicines"， AF is also classified as an ingredient featured by "medicinal and food homology". It is mainly produced in Guangdong， Yunnan， and Hainan provinces in China. In recent years， with the in-depth implementation of the "Healthy China" strategy， AF has gained increasing popularity among the public due to its significant medicinal value. At the same time， research on its chemical composition， pharmacological effects， and identification methods has garnered widespread attention from scholars. The chemical composition of AF is highly complex. Its primary constituents include volatile components such as borneol acetate， camphor， and borneol， as well as non-volatile components such as polysaccharides， polyphenols， and mineral elements. AF possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects， including gastrointestinal protection， lipid-lowering and weight loss， glucose-lowering， uric acid-lowering， antioxidant， anti-inflammatory， antibacterial， and analgesic activities. The identification techniques for AF， including microscopic identification， molecular biological identification， and electrochemical fingerprinting， are crucial for its quality control， safety， and efficacy. However， in recent years， there have been few comprehensive summaries of research on AF， which limits further in-depth research and high-value development and utilization of AF. This article systematically reviewed the research progress on the chemical composition， pharmacological activity， and identification methods of AF， and is expected to provide prospects for future research.