Gallstone ileus is a rare and potentially serious complication of cholelithiasis.Its clinical symptoms are nonspecific.From March 2005 to September 2012,19 patients with gallstone ileus confirmed by surgery or endoscopy were admitted to the Pudong New Area People's Hospital.The accuracies of X-ray,uhrasonography,CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were 0/10,0/5,19/19 and 9/9,respectively.CT examination might be the first choice for diagnosing gallstone ileus ; the classical computed tomography (CT) presentation of gallstone ileus was the Rigler triad,including pneumobilia,ectopic stone and mechanical ileus; MRI examination was superior to CT examination in exposing the fistula,and can provide abundant information,which is important for designing the surgical procedures and judging the prognosis; X-ray and ultrasonography are beneficial in screening the diseases.

Objective To synthesize bovine serum albumin(BSA)-loaded liraqlutide(Lir)-nanoparticles coated with platelet membrane fragments(PMF)using a"bottom-up"nano-engineering chemistry technique,and to evaluate their cyto-compatibility and potential function of anti-oxidative stress.Methods PMF was extracted as reported previously.Lir@BSA nanoparticles were prepared by self-assembly method.PMF was coated on the sur-face of Lir@BSA nanoparticles by co-extrusion to prepare Lir@BSA-PMF.The physical and chemical properties of Lir@BSA-PMF particles were characterized as particle size,Zeta potential,transmission electron microscopy and particle size stability.The encapsulation efficiency,loading efficiency and cumulative release efficiency of liraglu-tide were calculated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Further,SDS-PAGE was used to analyze whether there was a similar membrane protein distribution of platelet membrane on Lir@BSA-PMF bionicnanocarrier.CCK-8 assay was used to verify the biocompatibility of the materials.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)experi-ment was used to explore the effect of Lir@BSA-PMF on cell oxidative damage.The uptake of cells on Lir@BSA-PMF bionic nano capsules was verified by cell phagocytosis experiment.Results Lir@BSA-PMF nanop-articles had a stable particle size of 25 nm with a spherical morphology,and a Zeta potential value of-25.5 mV.The encapsulation efficiency,loading efficiency and cumulative release efficiency of liraglutide were 85.56％,7.96％and 77.06％,respectively.SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the Lir@BSA-PMF bio-mimetic nano capsules retained the similar membrane protein distribution as platelet membrane.CCK-8 assay verified that the nanomaterials were non-cytotoxic.ROS results showed that Lir@BSA-PMF nanomaterials had obvious antioxidant properties.The results of cell phagocytosis showed that the cells had a good phagocytosis effect on Lir@BSA-PMF nanoparticles.Conclusions The nanoparticles Lir@BSA-PMF are successfully syn-thesized and have no effects on cells viability in vitro.The particles are taken up by cells and show a significant function of antioxidant damage.

The transformation from inflammation to cancer is a complex pathological process, in which the inflammatory state progresses to the formation of malignant tumors. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressively inflammatory and fibrosing disease, predominantly featuring acinar cell atrophy owing to the cellular damage and fibrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma. This review centers on elucidating how prolonged exposure to a chronic inflammatory environment prompts adaptive changes in acinar cells, which may ultimately lead to their conversion into cancerous cells. By delving into the pivotal role of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, this article investigates the multi-stage pathway of CP progression into pancreatic cancer, as well as the underlying molecular regulatory networks. We aim to light on the profound mechanisms of CP's inflammation-driven carcinogenic transformation, and thus provide a scientific foundation for devising innovative preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions targeted at mitigating or halting this lethal conversion process.