Objective To undemtand the rhythm of urinary iodine level of children aged 8-10 in Chongqing city.Methods In April 2008,using the stratified random sampling method,we sampled 60 children aged 8-10 in a lodging primary school in Chongqing(20 per age group,half male and half female),the urine samples were collected in the morning and at 10:00,12:30,16:00,iodine in urine was detected by method of Ce and arsenic catalytic speetrophotometry(WS/T 107-2006).The difference of the urinary iodine level was compared by age,sex and time of day.Results The median urinary iodine of 60 children was 265.07μg/L on the overall.Irrespective of the stratification factors,excluding morning urinary iodine(366.75μg/L)and urinary iodine at 10:00(338.30 μg/L),the urinary iodine between 12:30(235.15μg/L)and 16:00(251.50μg/L)was not significant(all P>0.05),statistically significant differences(all P<0.05)were found between any two.The urinary iodine of 8-year-old group at different times of the day was significantly different(all P<0.05),except between morning urinary iodine (298.90 μg/L)and at 10:00,16:00(279.00,286.59 μg/L),between urinary iodine at 10:00 and 16:00(all P>0.05).The 9-year-old group's urinary iodine were not significantly different between morning urine(366.15μg/L)and 10:00(368.10 μg/L),and between 12:30(244.00 μg/L)and 16:00(186.30 μg/L,all P>0.05),significant differences were faund at other times of the day(all P<0.05).The 10-year-old group of urinary iodine changed very little before 12:30 (382.85,449.60,337.00 μg/L, all P > 0.05 ), followed by rapid decline to 16: 00 (269.35 μg/L), and compared with the morning urine and 10:00, there was significant difference(all P < 0.05).Regardless boys or girls, the urinary iodine at different times qf the day was significantly different (all P < 0.05),except between morning urinary iodine(337.32,309.28 μg/L) and at 10:00(316.15,288.27 μg/L), between urinary iodine at 12:30(251.18,211.45 μg/L) and 16:00(235.02,211.45 μg/L, all P > 0.05). Conclusions The change of urinary iodine level in children aged 8 - 10 was not obvious before noon, changes can be seen in the afternoon.Urinary iodine level before 10:00 is indicative.

OBJECTIVETo observe changes of gonad functions of Gan-qi stagnation (GS), Pi deficiency (PD), Gan-qi stagnation Pi deficiency (GSPD) model rats, and the effect of Chaishu Sijun Decoction (CSD) on them.

METHODSRats were randomly divided into 7 groups according to romdom digit table, i.e., the normal control group, the GS model group, the GS medication group, the PD model group, the PD medication group, the GSPD model group,and the GSPD medication group, 10 in each group. Rats in the GS model group, the PD model group, and the GSPD model group were treated with chronic restraint, improper diet +excessive fatigue, chronic restraint +improper diet +excessive fatigue. The model was established for 4 successive weeks. Starting from the 15th day of modeling, CSD at the daily dose of 3.57 g/kg was given by gastrogavage to them for 14 successive days. Equal volume of distilled water was given by gastrogavage to rats in each model group and the normal control group for 14 successive days. The blood contents of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) were detected in rats of each group.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, there was statistical difference in GnRH, T, E,, and FSH in the GS, PD, and GSPD model groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The content of LH was elevated in the GS model group (P < 0.05) and declined in the GSPD model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the GS model group, the contents of FSH, LH, and T decreased and E2 increased in the PD model group (all P < 0.05); the contents of FSH and LH also declined in the GSPD model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the PD model group, the T content increased and FSH decreased in the GSPD model group (all P < 0.05). Compared with each corresponding model group, the FSH content decreased (P < 0.01) and LH increased in the GS medication group; the T content increased, E2 and LH decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the PD medication group; the T content decreased (P < 0.01), GnRH, E2, FSH, and LH increased (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01) in the GSPD medication group.

CONCLUSIONSThere exist different degrees of abnormal function of the gonad axis in the GS, PD, and GSPD models. CSD had certain regulatory effect on the 3 syndromes. Of them, it showed a more comprehensive role in improving the gonad function axis. Results of this experiment had provided the experimental evidence for higher correlation between CSD and GSPD syndrome.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; blood ; Gonads ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Constipation/surgery* ; Humans ; Megacolon/surgery* ; Proctocolectomy, Restorative

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting through descending thoracic aorta in elderly patients with coronary heast disease and to decrease the post-operative complication.Methods Thirteen elderly patients underwent coronary bypass surgery with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB).Age range from 70 to 82 years with a mean of(72.1?6.0)years.Patients suffered from multi vessel disease.Many minimally invasive techniques of“Y”blood vessel graft anastomosis,anastomosis of blood vessel graft to descending aorta,minimally invasive direct,thoracoscope assist were used.Results All patients were survived.The mean duration of intubation was (6.9?0.9) hours.The average ICU stay was (2.5?0.5)days.No patients received blood transfusion.During the short-term follow-up(3 to 14 months) patients had no complaint of angina,Conclusions The technique of“Y”blood vessel graft anastomosis,descending aorta blood vessel graft,minimally invasive direct and thoracoscope assist in combination with coronary artery bypass grafting is a safe and cost-effective new procedure for elderly patients with multi-coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVETo compare changes of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) in different rat models of Gan stagnation (GS), Pi deficiency (PD), Gan stagnation Pi deficiency (GSPD) syndromes, and to observe interventional effect of Chaishu Sijun Decoction (CSD, capable of soothing Gan-qi invigorating Pi) on them.

METHODSSeventy Wistar rats were divided into the normal control group (group 1), the GS group (group 2), the PD group (group 3), the GSPD group (group 4), the GS intervention group (group 5), the PD intervention group (group 6), and the GSPD intervention group (group 7) according to random digit table, 10 in each group. Rats in group 1 received no treatment. Rats in group 2 and 5 were modeled by chronic restraint method. Rats in group 3 and 6 were modeled by excess fatigue plus alimentary abstinence method. Rats in group 4 and 7 were modeled by chronic restraint, excess fatigue, and alimentary abstinence method. At the 2nd weekend of modeling, CSD at 2.86 g/kg was fed to rats in group 5, 6, and 7 by gastrogavage for 2 successive weeks. Equal volume of distilled water was given to rats in the rest 4 groups. On the 29th day, rats were killed, adrenal weight weighed, and adrenal index calculated. Levels of plasma and hypothalamus corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), plasma and pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and plasma corticosterone (CORT) were determined using radioimmunity.

RESULTSCompared with group 1, adrenal index significantly decreased in group 2, 3, and 4 (P < 0.05). Of them, plasma and hypothalamus CRH, plasma CORT increased significantly in group 2 and 4 (P < 0.05). Besides, plasma and pituitary ACTH increased in group 4 (P < 0.05). Plasma and pituitary ACTH, as well as plasma CORT decreased significantly in group 3 (P < 0.05). Compared with group 2, 3, and 4, adrenal index increased significantly in group 5, 6, and 7 (P < 0.05). Compared with group 2, plasma CORT, hypothalamus CRH, and pituitary ACTH decreased significantly in group 5 (P < 0.05). Compared with group 3, plasma ACTH and CORT increased significantly in group 6 (P < 0.05). Compared with group 4, plasma CRH, ACTH, CORT, hypothalamus CRH, and pituitary ACTH decreased in group 7 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe function of HPA .axis was damaged to varying degrees in rats of the three models in this experiment. Hyperactivity of HPA axis existed in GS syndrome and GSPD syndrome. Impairment of feedback regulation in hypothalamus and pituitary was accompanied in GSPD syndrome. Hypofunction of HPA axis existed in PDS. CSD, capable of soothing Gan-qi invigorating'Pi, showed improvement on disarranged HPAA, but with optimal effect on GSPD syndrome. CSD had higher correlation with GSPD syndrome.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; metabolism ; Animals ; Corticosterone ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Models, Animal ; Pituitary Gland ; metabolism ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To find out the distribution pattern of environmental fluoride in the coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas to provide scientific evidence for establishing prevention and remedial measures in Chongqing. Methods According to historical data in Chongqing In 2008, 4 endemic villages(Lingyun and Lizi Villages of Wushan County, and Taiping and Daqing Villages of Pengshui County) and 2 non-endemic villages (ShuangLou and XianLong Villages of Yongchuan County) were investigated. Dental fluorosis of children in 8 to 12 year old and residents over 16 years of age for clinical skeletal fluorosis were examined in four endemic villages. Five households from each of 6 villages were taken, where 500 g of coal, mixed clay with coal, mixed coal of soil, coal cinder, soil were sampled; 15 people were taken in each village, each household gathering 500 g of corn, rice, potatoes, vegetables, grain and vegetable, 100 g of dried pepper and 250 ml of drinking water were sampled from 15 families of each village. Household drinking water samples were collected 1, each 250 ml. For those having tea-drinking habit, each household was collected 50 g of tea and 600 ml of drinking tea, the amount of fluoride were determined. Indoor and outdoor air was collected and measured in 5 households in each village. Results The detected rate of dental fluorosis of children in endemic areas was 74.65% (736/986). The detected rate of skeletal fluorosis of adult was 7.20%(736/986). The average fluoride content of coal, mixed clay with coal, mixed coal of soil, cinder coal, soil in the endemic villages was (310.56±209.46), (360.51±224.96), (293.62±65.15), (186.59±133.66), (497.54±294.70)mg/kg. The average fluoride content in non-endemic villages was (48.68±10.62), (275.66±62.69), (152.20±34.43), (209.14±188.66),269.98±58.21)mg/kg. The fluoride content level of endemic villages was significantly higher than that of non-endemic villages(t=7.67,31.54,5.82, 5.82, all P<0.05). The average fluoride content of drinking water, corn, pepper, flee, potato and vegetable in the endemic villages was (0.30±0.14)mg/L, (1.83±2.67), (23.50±91.80), (0.77±0.25), (0.44±0.11), (0.48±0.18)mg/kg, The average fluoride content in non-endemic village was (0.18±0.06)mg/L, (2.21±0.46), (2.82±2.51), (1.31±0.21), (0.64±0.41), (1.10±0.77)mg/kg. The fluoride content in drinking water and pepper in the endemic villages was significantly higher than that of the non-endemic villages(t=7.79, 2.33, all P<0.05). The fluoride content of rice, potato and vegetable in the non-endemic villages was significantly higher than that of the endemic villages(t=39.29,4.69,4.01, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference of fluoride content of tea and drinking tea between endemic villages[(99.41±55.83)mg/kg, (1.59±0.91)mg/L] and non-endemic villages[(79.95±43.78)mg/kg, (1.80±1.16)mg/L, t=1.01, 0.27, all P>0.05]. The amount of drinking tea in the endemic village[(1.45±0.68)L/d] was higher than that in non-endemic village[(1.00±0.47)L/d, t=4.27, P<0.05]. The average fluoride content of indoor air in the endemic village[(12.77±8.08)μg/m3] was higher than that in non-endemic village [(1.16±1.08)μg/m3, t=9.49, P<0.01]. There was no significant difference of fluoride content of outdoor air between endemic village and non-endemic village[(1.10±1.57), (0.39±0.31)μg/m3, t=2.01, P>0.05)]. Conclusions The fluoride source of coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas are coal and mixed coal of soil in Chongqing. Fluoride enters into human bodies mainly via respiratory, not from food. Although fluoride is rich in pepper, people don't eat it, so reducing the fluoride content in indoor air is the principle measure. Drinking tea may be was one factor of endemic fluorosis, which needs to be further studied.

Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Lung ; pathology ; Multiple Myeloma ; diagnosis ; pathology

Objective Through a two-year follow up program,this study was to analyze the urinary iodine frequency of a cohort in the intervention trial,concerning different doses of salt iodization,so as to explore the selection of appropriate concentration of salt iodization.Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select three townships in two countries for community intervention with different doses [ ( 15 ± 5 ) mg/kg,(25 ± 5 ) mg/kg,( 35 ± 5 ) mg/kg ] of salt iodization.Results After intervention,the median of urinary iodine was reduced among the population.The urinary iodine frequencies of (15 ± 5) mg/kg and (25 ± 5) mg/kg among groups of children were mainly concentrated in 100-200 μg/L and 200-300 μg/L paragraphs in A county.While the 300 μg/Lparagraph had an overall decline in B county,the 100 μtg/L and 200 μg/L paragraph ratio increased but the trend seemed to be slow.The 100-300 μg/L paragraph of the four treatment groups took a larger proportion and kept smooth in a more ideal state.However,the control group still maintained at above 250 μg/L level.Conclusion The iodine supplementation should be gradually implemented in Chongqing.The doses of salt iodization should be reduced from the current (35 ± 15)mg/kg to (25 ± 5) mg/kg in the economically developed areas.At the same time,we need to continuously follow the changes of the condition.

Objective To investigate iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) in Chongqing and Linzhi, and to provide scientific basis for IDD control and prevention. Methods According to the national program developed in 2007, investigation was conducted in Chengkou and Wuxi county in Chongqing municipality, and Linzhi, Bomi,Milin and Langxian county in Linzhi prefecture. Five towns were sampled in Linzhi county, and 3 in other counties.In each town, one township primary school and two village primary schools were selected to inspect thyroid by B ultrasound and palpation, and urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 years was tested in these schools. Meanwhile,2 villages were selected in each town for test of salt iodine level and urinary iodine of childbearing age women and search cretin cases. Results Three hundred and forty families in Chongqing and 915 families in Linzhi were investigated. The coverage of iodized salt in Chongqing was 98.82%(336/340), which was significantly higher than that in Linzhi[66.34%(607/905), x2 = 139.56, P ＜ 0.01]. Goiter rate of children in Chongqing was 9.27%(89/960) by palpation and 8.34% (61/731) by B ultrasound, while goiter rate of children in Linzhi was 7.80%(102/1308) by palpation and 5.53% (69/1248) by B ultrasound. The difference of goiter rate by palpation between Chongqing and Linzhi was not statistically significant (x2 = 1.37, P ＞ 0.05 ). But goiter rate of children by B ultrasound in Chongqing was higher than that in Linzhi (x2= 5.51, P ＜ 0.05). In Chongqing, the median urinary iodine was 319.15 μg/L, and 345.75 μg/L in Chengkou county and 281.39 μg/L in Wuxi county. In Linzhi prefecture, the median urinary iodine was 189.81 μg/L, and 207.81 μg/L in Linzhi county, 161.12 μg/L in Bomi county, 131.83 μg/L in Milin county and 334.60 μg/L in Langxian county. The median urinary iodine in childbearing women were 248.42 μg/L in Chongqing and 121.25 μg/L in Linzhi. The median urinary iodine in Chongqing both in children and women were higher than those in Linzhi. No new cretin case was found in these two areas. Conclusions Goiter rate in high risk areas of IDD in Chongqing and Linzhi has decreased to less than 10%.No new cretin case is found in these areas. It can be concluded that the work of control and prevention is effective.There is excess iodine in Chongqing. In Linzhi county and Langxian county, iodine is excess in children and deficient in women. Further investigation should be conducted to find out the reason. Population iodine is excess in Bomi and Milin counties. The concentration of salt iodine should be decreased in Chongqing. In Linzhi prefecture,adding iodine measures should be adjusted based on further investigation.