Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; fas Receptor ; genetics

Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Constipation/surgery* ; Humans ; Megacolon/surgery* ; Proctocolectomy, Restorative

OBJECTIVETo analyze the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene in Chinese Han ethnic population.

METHODSThe sample of 106 unrelated healthy Chinese Hans was studied by sequencing exons of the GHR gene to detect SNP.

RESULTSThere were 6 SNP spots identified in exon 6 and exon 10. Five of them were found in exon 10, and one in exon 6. There were differences between the allele frequencies of the SNP we found and those in the NCBI database. The highest heterozygosity of the SNP was found at 1630 A > C (I526L), which was 47.6%. The SNP 1483 A > C (P477T), 1735 A > C (P561T) and 1319 G > T (C422F) had polarity change. The SNP 536 A > G in exon 6 from the NCBI database was not detected in this population. The allele distribution of SNP was in good unity with the Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium.

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that the SNP of GHR are unevenly distributed and different in different ethnic populations.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Somatotropin ; genetics

Objective To investigate the relationship of-174G ＞ C polymorphism of interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene promoter region upstream-with coronary heart disease (CHD) of Chinese Han population in Nanjing area.Methods The polymorphism of IL-6-174G ＞C gene was confirmed in 235 patients with CHD and 175 healthy individuals by PCR-RFLP,and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested.DNA samples were selected for sequencing to verify their genotype.The concentration of blood sugar,lipid,C reaction protein (CRP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) in the samples were measured simultaneously.Results The genotype distributions of GG,GC and CC were 98.7％,1.3％ and 0 in CHD group and 97.7％,2.3％ and 0 in control group,respectively.The frequencies of G and C alleles were 99.4％,0.6％ and 98.9％,1.1％ in the two groups.There were no statistical significance for frequencies of genotype and alleles between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the differences of smoking,systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastohc blood pressure (DBP),triglyceride (TG),cholesterol (CHOL),low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C),apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I),ApoB,CRP and HbA1 c were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05),while age,sex and blood glucose were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion IL-6-174 G ＞ C gene polymorphism should not remarkably correlated with CHD in Chinese Han population in Nanjing area.

The aim of the present study is to observe the receptor kinetics property of long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in spinal cord motoneurons (MNs) by descending activation. The intracellular recording techniques were conducted in spinal cord MNs of neonatal rats aged 8-14 days. The changes of EPSP induced by ipsilateral ventrolateral funiculus (iVLF) stimulation (iVLF-EPSPs) were observed, and receptor kinetics of iVLF-EPSPs were analyzed. The results showed that, the amplitude, area under curve and maximum left slope of EPSP were positively correlated with stimulus intensity (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the apparent receptor kinetic parameters apparent dissociation rate constant (K(2)), apparent equilibrium dissociation constant (K(T)) of EPSP were negatively correlated with stimulus intensity (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The iVLF-EPSPs were persistently increased after tetanic stimulation (100 Hz, 50 pulses/train, duration 0.4-1.0 ms, 6 trains, main interval 10 s, 10-100 V) in 5 of 11 tested MNs. The amplitude of iVLF-EPSPs was potentiated to more than 120% of baseline and lasted at least 30 min, which could be referred to as iVLF-LTP. Meanwhile, the area under curve and maximum left slope of EPSPs were also increased to more than 120% of baseline. During iVLF-LTP, apparent receptor kinetics analyses of iVLF-EPSPs indicated that K(2) and KT were decreased significantly to less than 80% of the baseline within 10 min and gradually and partially recovered in 3 MNs. These results of receptor kinetics analyses of iVLF-EPSPs suggest a possible enhancement in affinity of postsynaptic receptors in the early stage of iVLF-LTP in some MNs.
Animals ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Kinetics ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Motor Neurons ; physiology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord ; cytology ; Synaptic Transmission

Objective To find out the distribution pattern of environmental fluoride in the coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas to provide scientific evidence for establishing prevention and remedial measures in Chongqing. Methods According to historical data in Chongqing In 2008, 4 endemic villages(Lingyun and Lizi Villages of Wushan County, and Taiping and Daqing Villages of Pengshui County) and 2 non-endemic villages (ShuangLou and XianLong Villages of Yongchuan County) were investigated. Dental fluorosis of children in 8 to 12 year old and residents over 16 years of age for clinical skeletal fluorosis were examined in four endemic villages. Five households from each of 6 villages were taken, where 500 g of coal, mixed clay with coal, mixed coal of soil, coal cinder, soil were sampled; 15 people were taken in each village, each household gathering 500 g of corn, rice, potatoes, vegetables, grain and vegetable, 100 g of dried pepper and 250 ml of drinking water were sampled from 15 families of each village. Household drinking water samples were collected 1, each 250 ml. For those having tea-drinking habit, each household was collected 50 g of tea and 600 ml of drinking tea, the amount of fluoride were determined. Indoor and outdoor air was collected and measured in 5 households in each village. Results The detected rate of dental fluorosis of children in endemic areas was 74.65% (736/986). The detected rate of skeletal fluorosis of adult was 7.20%(736/986). The average fluoride content of coal, mixed clay with coal, mixed coal of soil, cinder coal, soil in the endemic villages was (310.56±209.46), (360.51±224.96), (293.62±65.15), (186.59±133.66), (497.54±294.70)mg/kg. The average fluoride content in non-endemic villages was (48.68±10.62), (275.66±62.69), (152.20±34.43), (209.14±188.66),269.98±58.21)mg/kg. The fluoride content level of endemic villages was significantly higher than that of non-endemic villages(t=7.67,31.54,5.82, 5.82, all P<0.05). The average fluoride content of drinking water, corn, pepper, flee, potato and vegetable in the endemic villages was (0.30±0.14)mg/L, (1.83±2.67), (23.50±91.80), (0.77±0.25), (0.44±0.11), (0.48±0.18)mg/kg, The average fluoride content in non-endemic village was (0.18±0.06)mg/L, (2.21±0.46), (2.82±2.51), (1.31±0.21), (0.64±0.41), (1.10±0.77)mg/kg. The fluoride content in drinking water and pepper in the endemic villages was significantly higher than that of the non-endemic villages(t=7.79, 2.33, all P<0.05). The fluoride content of rice, potato and vegetable in the non-endemic villages was significantly higher than that of the endemic villages(t=39.29,4.69,4.01, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference of fluoride content of tea and drinking tea between endemic villages[(99.41±55.83)mg/kg, (1.59±0.91)mg/L] and non-endemic villages[(79.95±43.78)mg/kg, (1.80±1.16)mg/L, t=1.01, 0.27, all P>0.05]. The amount of drinking tea in the endemic village[(1.45±0.68)L/d] was higher than that in non-endemic village[(1.00±0.47)L/d, t=4.27, P<0.05]. The average fluoride content of indoor air in the endemic village[(12.77±8.08)μg/m3] was higher than that in non-endemic village [(1.16±1.08)μg/m3, t=9.49, P<0.01]. There was no significant difference of fluoride content of outdoor air between endemic village and non-endemic village[(1.10±1.57), (0.39±0.31)μg/m3, t=2.01, P>0.05)]. Conclusions The fluoride source of coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas are coal and mixed coal of soil in Chongqing. Fluoride enters into human bodies mainly via respiratory, not from food. Although fluoride is rich in pepper, people don't eat it, so reducing the fluoride content in indoor air is the principle measure. Drinking tea may be was one factor of endemic fluorosis, which needs to be further studied.

Nasal polyp (NP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity and sinuses.Although some authors have suggested that NP is related to inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-5,IL-8,granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF),tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,and IL-17,the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of NP remain obscure.This study investigated the expression and distribution of IL-17 and syndecan-1 in NP,and explored the roles of these two molecules in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (Eos CRSwNP) and non-Eos CRSwNP.Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of IL-17 and syndecan-1 in samples [NP,unciform process (UP) from patients with CRS,and middle turbinate (MT) from healthy controls undergoing pituitary tumor surgery].The results showed that the expression levels of IL-17 and syndecan-1 were upregulated in both NP and UP tissues,but both factors were higher in NP tissues than in UP tissues.There was no significant difference in IL-17 levels between the Eos CRSwNP and non-Eos CRSwNP samples,and syndecan-1 levels were increased in the non-Eos CRSwNP tissues as compared with those in Eos CRSwNP tissues.In all of the groups,there was a close correlation between the expression of IL-17 and syndecan-1 in nasal mucosa epithelial cells,glandular epithelial cells,and inflammatory cells,suggesting that IL-17 and syndecan-1 may play a role,and interact with each other,in the pathogenesis ofnon-Eos CRSwNP.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features and epidemiological data of 72 cases of male perianal warts.

METHODSSeventy-two cases of perianal warts in our clinic dated from June, 2004 to April, 2006 were enrolled in the study, whose clinical information and epidemiological data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTSPerianal warts were most commonly seen in young and middle-aged men aged from 18 to 45, only 12.5% of whom had homosexual behaviors. Sauna was another predisposing factor of perianal warts in males in China (chi2 = 5.03, P < 0.05). Primary eruptions of the anus and rectum, like perianal pruritus, eczema, anus fissure, and haemorrhoids, often impaired the local integrity of skin/mucosa. Classical condyloma acuminate was found in 61 (84.72%) of patients, who were susceptive to the infections of HPV 6/11, and were flat condylomas related to HPV16/18. Cryotherapy was believed to be one of the most efficient therapeutic choices for flat perianal warts. Suppression of cellular immune response was identified in the patients by comparison between the subgroups of peripheral T cells and the normal control.

CONCLUSIONSauna is an essential predisposing factor of perianal warts in males, while anus sexual intercourse is not the main route of HPV infection. Classical condylomata acuminate constitute the majority of the eruptions, and flat condylomata come next. The study also provides some useful data for understanding the clinical and epidemiological features of perianal warts in Chinese males for the sake of prevention and treatment of the disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anus Diseases ; classification ; epidemiology ; Condylomata Acuminata ; classification ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the autophagy in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSC) exposed to irradiation.

METHODSThe apoptosis and necrosis rate were assessed by Annexin V and propidium (PI) staining in hBMMSC at 4h after irradiated with X-ray at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 Gy. The autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA expression of Beclin1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAPLC3 or LC3) was analyzed by RT-PCR in hBMMSC at 4h after X-ray irradiation at 0, 8 and 10 Gy.

RESULTSThe apoptosis rate of hBMMSC was markedly decreased while the necrosis and death rate were slowly increased with the increase of irradiation dose when under 8 Gy. The apoptosis rate was significantly increased and reached a peak while the necrosis and whole death rate were obviously increased when irradiated with 10 Gy X-rays. In addition, the change of apoptosis rate was more significant than that of necrosis rate. By electron microscopy, a mass of autophagic vacuoles (autophagosome and autolysosome) were observed in irradiation and positive control groups, but were only occasionally seen in normal control group. The proportion of hBMMSC with autophagic vacuoles in 8 Gy irradiation group was higher than that in 10 Gy one. The mRNA expression of Beclin1 and LC3 in irradiation groups and positive control group was significantly higher than in normal control group, and so did in 8 Gy irradiation group than that in 10 Gy group.

CONCLUSIONIrradiation may induce the autophagy in hBMMSC, and autophagy could protect hBMMSC from irradiation injury in a certain dose range.

Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Autophagy ; radiation effects ; Bone Marrow Cells ; radiation effects ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; radiation effects ; X-Rays

Recent studies have shown that low dose X-irradiation shows specific effect different from high dose exposures. However, the biologic responses of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) to low dose X-irradiation have rarely been described in the literature. This study was purposed to investigate the biologic responses of human bone marrow-derived MSC to low dose X-irradiation. The proliferation of cells was tested with MTT assay, so that the cell growth curve was drawn at 1 to 7 days. The expression of survivin mRNA was detected by RT-PCR assay; the BM-MSC DNA damage induced by X-irradiation were detected with mononuclear cell gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that the proliferative ability of BM-MSC exposed to low doses of X rays was obviously enhanced as compared with control group. The low dose X-irradiation caused the damage of DNA in X-ray dose dependent manner. X-irradiation enhanced expression of survivin in MSC. It is concluded that the low dose below 20 cGy of X-irradiation has a promoting effect on survivin expression in BM-MSC. Whether the high expression of survivin plays an important role to resist ionizing radiation needs to be further studied.
Bone Marrow Cells ; radiation effects ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; radiation effects ; X-Rays