OBJECTIVETo provide analytical data and automatic method for more quickly and accurately discovering warning signals of adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections from a large number of adverse reaction data.

METHODConstructed the TCM injection adverse reaction monitoring system, integrated of multiple mining algorithms of warning signals of adverse reactions and automatically generate early warning analysis, and extended the algorithm to achieve better effect of warning and analysis.

RESULTBy data validation, the system can provide consistent warning results with the actual situation.

CONCLUSIONThe established system has good scalability, it can provide warning analysis of adverse reaction data from multiple sources, and provide a basis for decision making to experts in the field.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; instrumentation ; standards ; Algorithms ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Humans

S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), which plays a role in cell cycle regulation, is commonly overexpressed in a variety of human cancers and associated with poor prognosis. However, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is not well understood. In this study, we examined the clinical significance of Skp2, with a particular emphasis on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), in NPC cases in South China, where NPC is an epidemic. Additionally, we explored the function of Skp2 in maintaining a cancer stem cell-like phenotype in NPC cell lines. Skp2 expression was assessed for 127 NPC patients using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry and analyzed together with clinicopathologic features, OS, and DFS. Skp2 expression was detectable, or positive, in 75.6% of patients. Although there was no correlation between Skp2 and any clinicopathologic factor, Skp2 expression significantly portended inferior OS (P = 0.013) and DFS (P = 0.012). In the multivariate model, Skp2 expression remained significantly predictive of poor OS [P = 0.009, risk ratio (RR) = 4.06] and DFS (P = 0.008, RR = 3.56), and this was also true for clinical stage (P = 0.012 and RR=3.201 for OS; P = 0.002 and RR=1.94 for DFS) and sex (P = 0.016 and RR=0.31 for OS; P = 0.006 and RR = 0.27 for DFS). After Skp2 knockdown, a colony formation assay was used to evaluate the self-renewal property of stem-like cells in the NPC cell lines CNE-1 and CNE-2. The colony formation efficiency in CNE-1 and CNE-2 cells was decreased. In Skp2-transfected CNE-1 and CNE-2 cells, side population (SP) proportion was increased as detected by flow cytometry. Skp2 is an independent prognostic marker for OS and DFS in NPC. Skp2 may play a role in maintaining the cancer stem cell-like phenotype of NPC cell lines.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; Cell Line, Tumor ; China ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Sex Factors ; Survival Rate ; Tissue Array Analysis ; Transfection ; Young Adult