OBJECTIVETo see the change of capillary of heart in Athlete's Heart, so that to discover the mechanism of pathologic change.

METHOD18 male SD rats were separated randomly into control group (without any exercise), aerobic exercise group (swimming for 75 min every day), and overload group (swimming for 180 min with 5% weight of its body every day). After 5 days per week, 12 weeks, exercise training stopped and heart of rats were observed under Transmission Electron Microscope.

RESULTSIn aerobic exercise group, the capillary cavities in heart expand, the walls of capillary become thick; the number of mitochondrion increases; endothelium cells become active in growth. However, after overload exercise, the walls of capillary cockle and protuberances appear. The mitochondrion swell and the cristae become disorder. Most of endosomes expand and their number increases. The karyons become abnormity in shape and uniformity in electronic density, besides the nuclear envelope cockle. The basilar membranes become thick and unclear.

CONCLUSIONAfter exercise training, both physical and pathologic changes in heart capillary are found. In suitable exercises group, the capillaries change physically; the pathologic changes are becoming visible after overload exercise however.

Animals ; Capillaries ; ultrastructure ; Cardiomegaly ; etiology ; pathology ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; adverse effects ; Physical Endurance ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sports

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting through descending thoracic aorta in elderly patients with coronary heast disease and to decrease the post-operative complication.Methods Thirteen elderly patients underwent coronary bypass surgery with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB).Age range from 70 to 82 years with a mean of(72.1?6.0)years.Patients suffered from multi vessel disease.Many minimally invasive techniques of“Y”blood vessel graft anastomosis,anastomosis of blood vessel graft to descending aorta,minimally invasive direct,thoracoscope assist were used.Results All patients were survived.The mean duration of intubation was (6.9?0.9) hours.The average ICU stay was (2.5?0.5)days.No patients received blood transfusion.During the short-term follow-up(3 to 14 months) patients had no complaint of angina,Conclusions The technique of“Y”blood vessel graft anastomosis,descending aorta blood vessel graft,minimally invasive direct and thoracoscope assist in combination with coronary artery bypass grafting is a safe and cost-effective new procedure for elderly patients with multi-coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the classification criterion and surgical treatment strategy of intrathoracic esophageal injury caused by foreign body.

METHODSEighty-four patients with intrathoracic esophageal injury caused by foreign body in our department from January 1980 to April 2004 were divided into 4 grade: grade I was non-penetrated injury of esophagus (18 cases); grade II was esophageal perforation with mild mediastinitis (39 cases); grade III was esophageal perforation with severe intrathoracic infection (17 cases); grade IV was aortoesophageal fistula (10 cases). Based on the degree of esophageal injury and the extension of inflammation, operative procedures were selected including esophagotomy, esophageal reparation, esophagectomy, mediastinal drainage, reparation of fistula and replacement of aorta.

RESULTSPatients in grade I and II were all cured . One death occurred in grade III (1/17), the same in Grade IV was 9 (9/10).

CONCLUSIONSClassification of esophageal injury caused by foreign body is helpful to the decision of surgical treatment strategy. The prevention of aortoesophageal fistula is the key point of reducing of mortality.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Esophageal Perforation ; classification ; etiology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; Esophagoscopy ; Esophagus ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; complications ; Humans ; Infant ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of radix paeoniae rubra (RPR) on expression of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/iNOS/HO-1 in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and explore the molecular mechanism.

METHODSForty healthy male Wistar rats, weighing 200-250 g, aged 6-8 weeks (mean equal to 7 weeks), provided by the Experimental Center, Medical College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, were employed in this study. Under anesthesia with 7% chloraldurat (5 ml/kg body weight) through intraperitoneal injection, the trachea of the rat was exposed and an arterial puncture needle pricked into the trachea via cricothyroid membrane. Then they were randomly divided into five groups: 8 rats receiving 1 ml normal saline through the puncture needle (Group A), 8 receiving 1 ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2.5 mg/kg, Group B), 8 receiving LPS and RPR (30 mg/kg, pumped through the femoral vein for 2 hours, Group C), 8 receiving RPR 2 hours before dripping LPS (Group D), and 8 receiving hemin (75 micromol/L through intraperitoneal injection) 18 hours before dripping LPS (Group E). After 6 hours of LPS dripping, blood samples were obtained through the carotid artery to perform blood gas analysis, then all the rats were exsanguinated to death and specimens of lung tissues were obtained. The pathomorphological changes of the lung tissues were observed. The expression of p38 MAPK/iNOS/HO-1, the neutrophil ratio, protein content in alveolar irrigating solution and malonaldehyde (MDA) content in the lung tissues were also detected.

RESULTSCompared with Group A, the expression of p38 MAPK, iNOS and HO-1 markedly increased in Groups B, C, D, and E (P < 0.01). But in Groups C, D and E the expression of p38 MAPK and iNOS were significantly lower than that of Group B, while expression of HO-1 was obviously higher than that of Group B (P < 0.05). The protein content, the ratio of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the content of MDA and the activities of serum NO in Group B were significantly higher than those of Group A (P < 0.01). There was a significant decrease in the level of arterial bicarbonate and partial pressure of oxygen in Group B (P < 0.01). Compared with Group B, these indexes of lung injury were significantly lower while the levels of arterial bicarbonate and partial pressure of oxygen increased significantly in Groups C, D and E (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Under light microscope, the pathological changes induced by LPS were significantly attenuated by RPR and hemin.

CONCLUSIONSThe high expression of MAPK plays an important role in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Protective effect of RPR on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury may be related to the inhibition of the abnormal high expression of p38 MAPK/iNOS/HO-1.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; analysis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; analysis ; Paeonia ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo analyze the factors which influence the safety and prognosis of aorta replacement combined with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with coronary artery disease.

METHODSFrom May 1982 to October 2002, 67 patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm were admitted, and 24 of them combined with CABG. Of the 24 patients, 9 received descending aorta replacement combined with CABG, and the other 15 received the ascending aorta replacement combined with CABG. The treatment results were compared with the other 43 patients only undergoing the thoracic aortic replacement.

RESULTSThe mortality rate of the patients with aorta replacement combined with CABG was 13% (3/24). Though the descending aorta replacement combined with CABG could make the cardiopulmonary bypass time and selective cerebral perfusion time longer, (278 +/- 54) min and (188 +/- 59) min respectively, no significant difference was observed in postoperative complications, 3-year survival rate, 3-year-cardiac-event-free rate compared with the patients only undergoing the thoracic aortic replacement (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe aorta replacement combined with CABG can be performed safely, and the revascularization for coronary artery disease is useful for preventing occurrence of cardiac events.

Aorta, Thoracic ; surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; complications ; surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; complications ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the regularity of migration and distribution of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in injured spinal cord with intradural space transplantation.

METHODSForty Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups. The spinal cord injury model was prepared according to the modified Allen method. BMSCs were labeled by CM-Dil. And 5.0 multiply 10(6) cells were transplanted by different channels including intraventricular injection (Group A),injured spinal cord intrathecally injection (Group B), remote intrathecally injection at the L(3)-L(4) level (Group C), and intravenous injection (Group D). Spinal cord was dissected at 24 hours, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after transplantation. Sections of 4 micromolar were cut on a cryostat and observed under fluorescence microscopy.

RESULTSNo fluorescence was observed 24 hours after transplantation in spinal cord injury parenchyma except Group B. One week later, BMSCs in Groups A and C began to migrate to the injured parenchyma; 2-4 weeks later, BMSCs penetrated into the injured parenchyma except Group D. The number of BMSCs decreased at 3-4 weeks after transplantation. The number of cells in Group B decreased faster than that of Groups A and C.

CONCLUSIONSBMSCs transplanted through intraventricular injection, injured spinal cord intrathecally injection and remote intrathecal injection could migrate to the injured parenchyma of spinal cord effectively. The number of BMSCs migrated into injured spinal cord parenchyma is rare by intravenous injection.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; methods ; Cell Movement ; physiology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; pathology ; surgery ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; transplantation

OBJECTIVEThis study is to see the pathologic change of cardiac myocyte in Athlete's Heart, and explore the mechanism of the pathologic change.

METHODSFifteen male SD rats were separated randomly into control group (without any exercise), aerobic exercise group (Ae group, swimming for 75 min every day), and overloading exercise group (Oe group, swimming for 180 min with a loading of 5 percent of body weight every day). After 5 days per week for 12 weeks, swimming stopped, the rat hearts were prepared to specimens and examined under Transmission Electron Microscope.

RESULTSThe Ae group, the number and volume of mitochondria increased, and the membrane of mitochondria remained entire. Few of dense bodies were found in cytoplasm. The nucleus envelopes of expansion nucleus appear as dentition. These changes were considered as the adaptation to exercises. At the same time, some pathologic changes of the cardiac myocytes similar to senescence also appeared, such as mitochondria expanse, the crista disorder or disappearance, unclear mitochondria membrane, many dense bodies in cytoplasm, nucleus disfiguration and chromatin collection at edge.

CONCLUSIONAfter exercise training, some pathologic changes of cardiac myocyte also occur with physiological changes. With the raise of exercise intension, the pathologic changes become more obvious, even appearance of cardiac myocyte death.

Animals ; Cardiomegaly ; etiology ; pathology ; Exercise Tolerance ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitochondria, Heart ; ultrastructure ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Swimming

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the staging criteria and surgical treatment strategy of traumatic intrathoracic esophageal perforations by foreign bone.

METHODSFifty-seven patients with intrathoracic esophageal perforations caused by foreign bone in our department from January 1980 to June 2006 were studied. Patients were divided into 4 grades: grade I was esophageal perforation without mediastinitis (n=17), grade II was esophageal perforation with severe mediastinitis (n=13), grade III was esophageal perforation with severe empyema (n=21), grade IV was esophageal perforation with tracheal or aorto-esophageal fistula (n=6). Based on the stage of esophageal perforation, operative procedures were selected including esophagotomy, esophageal repair, esophagectomy, mediastinal drainage, and esophagus reconstruction with colon.

RESULTSIn grade I, II and III, all but one patient experienced satisfactory healing of the esophagus. One patient died of multi-organ failure from septic complication. No leakage was observed. Normal swallowing function and improved weight gain was achieved in all the patients. There were 2 deaths in grade IV (2/6).

CONCLUSIONSGrading of esophageal perforation caused by foreign bone is helpful to the decision of surgical treatment strategy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Esophageal Perforation ; classification ; surgery ; Esophagus ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; classification ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the effective management to prevent anastomotic leakage and intestinal ischemia after esophageal replacement with colon(ERC).

METHODSClinical data of 572 cases received ERC from March 1966 to March 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSMost of patients received ERC were diagnosed as esophageal cancer and esophageal stenosis(92.5%). 55.6% of cases underwent esophageal reconstruction and 44.4% of cases underwent esophageal bypass. During ERC procedure, the colon interposition graft length should be 3-4 cm longer than expectation; good blood supply was maintained; the lifted passage was unobstructed, and the physiological peristalsis direction was kept. The incidence of anastomotic leakage was analyzed among different periods, which were 14.2%, 13.5%, and 5.6% during 1966-1975, 1976-1995 and 1996-2006 respectively(P<0.05). No intestinal ischemia was observed in all the patients.

CONCLUSIONSWhen performing ERC, the main preventional managements of anastomotic leakage and intestinal ischemia are fully blood supply maintenance and intercepting enough length of the colon graft. Ensuring unobstructed passage is good for survival of the colon graft. Correct physiological peristalsis direction of colon interposition is beneficial to the healing of the anastomosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Colon ; transplantation ; Esophagus ; surgery ; Female ; Fistula ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Ischemia ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Stomas ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and surgical treatment of esophageal carcinosarcoma.

METHODSThe patients with esophageal carcinosarcoma were divided into two types according to barium swallow: intraluminal carcinosarcoma (n=20) and fungating carcinosarcoma (n=2). Only one esophageal carcinosarcoma case was diagnosed by esophagoscopic biopsy preoperatively. Twenty patients underwent left thoracic approach esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy above aortic arch, and two patients underwent esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy below aortic arch.

RESULTSAll the cases survived during operation and had no severe complication. Post-operative biopsy revealed that 21 cases had definite boundary between the carcinoma and the sarcoma. Only one case showed the invasion of carcinomatous tissues into sarcomatous tissues and mixed growth. Four cases had lymph node metastases (18.2%). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 90.9% (20/22), 77.3% (17/22) and 68.2% (15/22) respectively.

CONCLUSIONSEsophageal carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor with little invasiveness, low lymph node metastasis, early clinical symptom occurrence, low preoperative accurate diagnostic rate and good prognosis. Surgical resection is the main treatment for esophageal carcinosarcoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinosarcoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis