Falls in an elderly require a comprehensive bio-psycho-social approach to evaluate for the root causes. These may be multi-factorial, and we need to deal with most of them, if not all, in order to effectively reduce the risk for falls. Frailty is a marker of poor functional outcomes. Sarcopenia is a major modifiable risk factor for frailty. There are various community programmes providing a comprehensive range of services to keep the elderly physically, mentally, and socially active. Communication with primary care physicians is important to ensure smooth transition back into the community, optimal management of chronic diseases and minimal re-admission.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus in nervous system. However, the pathogenesis is still unkown. Therapeutic options are mainly pathogenetically oriented therapy and symptomatic therapy. With an increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of DPN, many new therapies have emerged. Comprehensive therapy targeting different pathogenesis will be frequently applied in the future. In this article, the common therapy and advance in treatment of DPN are reviewed.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Workplace

No abstract available.
Female ; Mammals* ; Ovulation* ; Rupture*

Animals ; Calcium ; physiology ; Chloride Channels ; physiology ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; physiology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; physiology ; Pulmonary Artery ; cytology ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Animals ; Oocytes ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; physiology ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X ; physiology ; Xenopus laevis

Utilizing the enrichment substrate,an aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain with the capability of phosphorus removal was screened from the activated sludge which had been domesticated by actual living sewage.By the morphological observing and identification of the physiological and biochemical indexes,the strain was identified to belong to Pseudomonas.The aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain was applied to deal with the simulated and actual living wastewater.By inspecting the changes of total nitrogen,inorganic phosphorus and CODcr in the wastewater,it was ascertained that the optimal wastewater treatment condi-tions of the bacterial strain were C/N= 3,inoculated ratio= 10%,pH 6.8,30?C,treatment time= 2 d.After the activated sludge was strengthened by the aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain,its treatment capability for ac-tual living sewage was improved,evidently.

The efficacy and safety of mitomycin C(MMC) trabeculectomy was tested in patients with uncomplicated glaucoma(low-risk group) and the result was compared with that in patients with refractory glaucoma(high-risk group). Subjects included 37 eyes of 26 consecutive patients in low-risk group and 36 eyes of 26 patients in high-risk group. The mean preoperative IOP was 32.9 +/- 9.7 mmHg and 31.9 +/- 8.7 mmHg, respectively(p=1.45). The mean number of preoperative medications was 2.8 +/- 0.8 and 2.0 +/- 0.9, respectively(p<0.05). MMC(0.25 mg/ml or 0.5 mg/ml) was applied between Tenon's capsule and the sclera during trabeculectomy for 3 minutes in low-risk group, for 5 minutes in high-risk group. Scleral-flap was closed with tight releasable sutures. Eyes followed longer than 3 months were included(mean of 14.1 +/- 8.0 months vs 11.9 +/- 6.8 months, p=0.23). The low-risk group had better postoperative results including: a lower IOP at last follow-up(13.7 +/- 3.2 vs 17.2 +/- 8.4 mmHg, p=0.02), a better success rate(94% vs 83% with or without medications, p=0.23: 83% vs 55% without medications, p=0.02), a lower postoperative need for glaucoma medications(0.2 +/- 0.4 vs 0.6 +/- 08, p=0.005). Overall complications were similar between both groups. One of 37 eyes(3%) in the low-risk group developed a hypotony(p=0.51) and one of 36 eyes(3%) in the high-risk group developed a hypotony maculopathy(p=0.49). This study suggests that MMC trabeculectomy with tight releasable scleralflap sutures is safe and effective in controlling IOP not only in refractory glaucoma but also, more successfully, in uncomplicated glaucoma.
Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Mitomycin* ; Sclera ; Sutures ; Tenon Capsule ; Trabeculectomy*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to define the concept of stress in siblings of childhood cancer patients. METHODS: The hybrid model was used to perform the concept analysis of stress in childhood cancer patients' siblings. Through reviews of 16 studies in the theoretical phase and interviews with 20 siblings in the field phase, the derived results were brought together in the integration phase. RESULTS: The concept of stress in siblings of patients with childhood cancer was found to have 6 attributes and 28 indicators in 3 domains. Personal factors included 2 attributes (fear about childhood cancer and immature coping skills), and family factors had 2 attributes (changes in relationships with family and changes in family environment), social factors had 2 attributes (changes in relationships with friends and in the school experience, and insufficient social support). CONCLUSION: The stress of siblings of childhood cancer patients was defined as a state of tension associated with personal, family, social factors that can be related to their siblings' childhood cancer. The findings in this study provide the base for the development of a tool for measuring siblings' stress and/or the development of nursing programs for these siblings.
Child ; Friends ; Humans ; Nursing ; Siblings* ; Stress, Psychological