All organisms regulate their life activities through the biological clock, which makes a variety of activities regular.For example, many physiological activities such as sleep-wake cycle, temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, endocrine and metabolic activity of the kidney and liver are subject to the regulation of circadian rhythms, that is to say they are all under the control of circadian pacemaker.Physiological activity of cell cultured in vitro also possess rhythms.This paper conducts a brief overview of biological clock of cell cultured in vitro and analyzes the molecular mechanism of the biological clock of the neurons and peripheral tissue cell as well as the existing problems, which provide reference for comprehensive interpretation of the molecular mechanism of biological clock.

?AIM:To study the changes of ocular surface in cataract patients with Meibomian gland dysfunction ( MGD) who treated with Meibomian gland massage before surgery.?METHODS: Totally 90 patients ( 93 eyes ) with cataract and MGD were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in experimental group were treated with hot compress and Meibomian gland massage every day before surgery, while the patients in the control group were not taken. Two groups of patients received phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation. Lid margin abnormalities, secretion characteristics, Schimer I test ( SⅠt) and tear film break-up time ( BUT ) were recorded and compared between two groups using slit lamp microscope inspection preoperatively and postoperatively 1wk.?RESULTS:In the control group, the postoperative score of eyelid margin and Meibomian gland secretion was increased significantly than preoperative, while the value of BUT and SⅠt was down significantly. Compared with control group, the postoperative score of eyelid margin shape and Meibomian gland secretion in the experimental group was decreased significantly, while the value of BUT and SIT improved significantly (P<0. 05).?CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification can aggravate the Meibomian gland dysfunction and have some extent of effects on the ocular surface. Meibomian gland massage before surgery can significantly improve the function of Meibomian gland and the state of ocular surface in patients with MDG.

OBJECTIVETo explore the intergrating of N-isopropyl oxamate and serum protein and establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detection method of N-isopropyl oxamate (specific inhibitor of testis-specific lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-C4)) in the blood of plateau pikas.

METHODSTwenty highland pika 150-200 g, were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10): control group and inhibitor group. Different concentrations of N-isopropyl oxamate were added to examine the intergrating of N-isopropyl oxamate and serum protein. In order to determine its concentration in the pika blood accurately, we used the method of adding trypsin to incubate the serum first, followed by trichloroacetic acid treatment and detecting by HPLC. Results: When the concentrations of N-isopropyl oxamate in the pika serum were added to 0.05 mmol/L, 0.1 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L, 16.7 mmol/L, 33.3 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L, the intergrating rates between N-isopropyl oxamate and plateau pika serum were 100%, 100%, 100%, 86.84%, 54.11%, 40.10% and 20.18%, respectively. The method established in this paper was good on recovery rates, precision and stability. A good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.0125-0.25 mmol/L. When the concentrations of N-isopropyl oxamate in the serum were added to 0. 15 mmol/L,0.3 mmol/L and 1 mmol/L, the recovery rates were 98.05%, 98.98% and 98.12%, respectively; the precision relative standard deviation( RSD) of concentrations were 1.17%, 0.92% and 0.83%, respectively; the stability relative standard deviation (RSD) of concentrations were 1.38%, 1.40% and 0.88%, respectively. The repeatability RSD of the method was 1.76%. Quantitative limit was 0.0125 mmol/L.

CONCLUSIONN-isopropyl oxamate has a strong affinity with plateau pika serum protein that can't be accurately determined with common HIPLC method. It can be accurately determined in the blood by adding trypsinto digest the serum protein first, followed by adding trichloroacetic acid to precipitate the protein.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Lagomorpha ; Male ; Oxamic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; blood

AIM:To investigate how to design personalized cataract surgery programs to achieve surgical correction of preoperative corneal astigmatism with surgical astigmatism under the guidance of corneal topography, improve postoperative visual quality and reduce the cost of treatment.
METHODS: Totally 202 cases ( 226 eyes ) cataract patients were divided into randomized treatment group and individualized treatment group. According to the method and location of the incision, randomized treatment group were divided into 8 groups. Surgical astigmatism after different incision were calculated with the use of preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism through vector analysis method. Individualized treatment groups were designed personably for surgical method with reference of every surgically induced astigmatism, the surgical method chooses the type of surgical incision based on close link between preoperative corneal astigmatism and surgically induced astigmatism, and the incision was located in the steep meridian. The postoperative corneal astigmatism of individualized treatment group was observed.
RESULTS: Postoperative corneal astigmatism of individualized treatment group were lower than that of 3.0mm clear corneal tunnel incision in the randomized treatment group, there were statistically significance difference, while with 3. 0mm sclera tunnel incision group there were no statistically significance difference. After 55. 8% of patients with the use of individualized surgical plan could undergo the operation of extracapsular cataract extraction with relatively low cost and rigid intraocular lens implantation, the per capita cost of treatment could be reduced.
CONCLUSION: Personalized cataract surgery programs are designed to achieve surgical correction of preoperative corneal astigmatism under the use of corneal topography, improve postoperative visual quality and reduce the cost of treatment.

Objective To construct and express the recombinant plasmid pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32 of Schistosoma japonicum(Sj) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Methods Total RNA was extracted from Sj adult worms by ultrasound-breaking, Sj26GST and Sj32 antigen gene was respectively amplified by RT-PCR from the total RNA; Sj26GST-Sj32 fusion gene obtained with gene splicing by overlap extension(SOEing) was cloned into prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28α and transformed into Escherichia coli BL2 (DE3) to construct pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32;BL21 (pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32) was induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosid (IPTG), and the expressed products were analyzed and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis (SDS-PAGE)and Western blotting. Results The 1991 bp Sj26GST-Sj32 fusion gene was successfully amplified by gene SOEing and cloned into pET28α by restriction analysis and PCR identification, the recombinant plasmid pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32 was successfully constructed; the relative molecular mass of the expressed recombinant protein was approximately 69 × 103 by SDS-PAGE, and the amount of the expressed protein was 25% of the total bacterial proteins; the fusion protein could be recognized by sera from rabbits infected with Sj by Western blotting.Conclusions The recombinant plasmid pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32 is successfully constructed and highly expressed in Escherichia coli in fused form with His-tag, and the expressed fusion protein shows specific antigenicity.

Objective To undemtand the rhythm of urinary iodine level of children aged 8-10 in Chongqing city.Methods In April 2008,using the stratified random sampling method,we sampled 60 children aged 8-10 in a lodging primary school in Chongqing(20 per age group,half male and half female),the urine samples were collected in the morning and at 10:00,12:30,16:00,iodine in urine was detected by method of Ce and arsenic catalytic speetrophotometry(WS/T 107-2006).The difference of the urinary iodine level was compared by age,sex and time of day.Results The median urinary iodine of 60 children was 265.07μg/L on the overall.Irrespective of the stratification factors,excluding morning urinary iodine(366.75μg/L)and urinary iodine at 10:00(338.30 μg/L),the urinary iodine between 12:30(235.15μg/L)and 16:00(251.50μg/L)was not significant(all P>0.05),statistically significant differences(all P<0.05)were found between any two.The urinary iodine of 8-year-old group at different times of the day was significantly different(all P<0.05),except between morning urinary iodine (298.90 μg/L)and at 10:00,16:00(279.00,286.59 μg/L),between urinary iodine at 10:00 and 16:00(all P>0.05).The 9-year-old group's urinary iodine were not significantly different between morning urine(366.15μg/L)and 10:00(368.10 μg/L),and between 12:30(244.00 μg/L)and 16:00(186.30 μg/L,all P>0.05),significant differences were faund at other times of the day(all P<0.05).The 10-year-old group of urinary iodine changed very little before 12:30 (382.85,449.60,337.00 μg/L, all P > 0.05 ), followed by rapid decline to 16: 00 (269.35 μg/L), and compared with the morning urine and 10:00, there was significant difference(all P < 0.05).Regardless boys or girls, the urinary iodine at different times qf the day was significantly different (all P < 0.05),except between morning urinary iodine(337.32,309.28 μg/L) and at 10:00(316.15,288.27 μg/L), between urinary iodine at 12:30(251.18,211.45 μg/L) and 16:00(235.02,211.45 μg/L, all P > 0.05). Conclusions The change of urinary iodine level in children aged 8 - 10 was not obvious before noon, changes can be seen in the afternoon.Urinary iodine level before 10:00 is indicative.

Objective To construct and express the recombinant plasmid pET32α-Sj26GST of Schistosoma japonicum(sj)in Escherichia coli(E.coli)B121(DE3).Methods The total RNA was extracted from sj adult worms by ultrasound-breaking,Sj26GST antigen gene was amplified by RT-PCR from the total RNA,then cloned into prokaryotic expression plasmid pET32α(+) and transformed into E.coli B12(DE3)to construct pET32α-Sj26GST;BL21(pET32α-Sj26GST)WaS induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosid(IPTG),and the expressed products were analyzed and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Results The 676 bp Sj26GST gene was successfully amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pET32α(+)by restriction analysis and PCR identification,the recombinant plasmid pET32α-Sj26GST was successfully constructed;the relative molecular mass of the expressed recombinant protein was approximately 49×103 by SDS-PAGE,and the amount of the expressed protein was 24%of the total bacterial proteins;the fusion protein could be recognized by sera from rabbits infected with sj by Western blot.Conclusions The recombinant plasmid pET32α-Sj26GST is successfully constructed and highly expressed in E.coli in fused form with Trx-tag and His-tag,and the expressed fusion protein shows specific antigenicity.

Objective To monitor the quality changes of iodized salt and analyze its impact factor in Chongqing between 2001 and 2009. Methods Salt samples were collected according to the east, west, south,north and center locations in iodized salt production, wholesale and household sectors. Two units in iodized salt production and wholesale segment were sampled from north, south, east and west places and only 1 unit was sampled from the central place. Nine samples were collected every month in each place. If the place had less than 9 units, and then taken all the units. About resident household, 2 townships were sampled from north, south, east and west places, and 1 township was sampled from the central place, then 20 samples were collected from each township. Iodine content was detected by oxidation-reduction assay. The index of mean iodine, qualified rate from factories and wholesale, coverage rate and taking rate of qualified iodized salt in residents were calculated.Significance was analyzed by trend test, analysis of variance and X2 test. Results The qualified rate of iodized salt from the manufacturers was 92.9%(13/14) in 2001 and the rate was 100.0% each year from 2002 to 2009. The qualified rates of iodized salt from the wholesale were 88.7%(282/318) - 99.8%(431/432). The rates of 2001 and 2002 were lower than that of other years(X2 = 4.98 - 45.69, all P< 0.05 or < 0.01). The coverage rate and taking rate of qualified iodized salt in residents were 94.2% (11 154/11 841 ) - 98.9% ( 14 061/14 217), 83.5% (9 887/11 841 ) -95.8% (13 449/14 039), respectively. The rates showed an increasing tendency (F = 9.27, 26.39, all P < 0.05).The districts(counties) with qualified iodized salt consumption rate > 90% kept increasing. The mean iodine from the manufacturers and wholesale were 29.71 - 36.25, and 31.26 - 36.13 mg/kg, respectively. The iodine level showed a descending trend(F = 35.45, 140.59, all P < 0.01 ). The mean iodine level from the inhabitants were 28.84 - 30.98 mg/kg which remained stable (F = 3.05, P > 0.05 ). The iodine level from manufacturers, wholesale to inhabitants showed an descending trend(F = 38.46 - 671.23, all P < 0.01 ). Conclusions The surveillance results of iodized salt shows an increasing tendency in quality of iodized salt, eoverage rate and taking rate of qualified iodized salt. Factors that affect the quality of iodized salt is that the enterprise does not add iodine to salt strictly by the standard.

OBJECTIVEThe research aimed at studying the biological characteristics of rhizobia isolated from Abrus cantoniensis.

METHODThe rhizobia strains, isolated from different environments in Guangxi, were studied for their growing characters and the generation time. They were also compared for survival capabilities under stresses caused by NaCl, pH, temperature, and different kinds and concentration of antibiotics.

RESULTThe strains obtained from A. cantoniensis in subtropical zone produced alkali in YMA medium, the average generation time was 14.8 hours, and thus they belong to slow-growing rhizobia. Rhizobia strains differed greatly in respect to tolerance of high temperature, adaptability of acidic environment and sensitivity to four antibiotics, but they had the same abilities of using different carbon and nitrogen sources. After 70 days from inoculated strains, the seedling formed nodules on the root (85.0%), and the dry matter of vine was increased by 51.1%.

CONCLUSIONThe rhizobia strains isolated from different ecological environments are good germplasm resources of tolerances to high temperature and acidic environment. The research will greatly help utilize the rhizobia resources and enhance the quality of crude drugs of medicinal leguminosae.

Abrus ; microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Culture Media ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Plants, Medicinal ; microbiology ; Rhizobium ; drug effects ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Temperature

This paper is a summary of the progress of botanical research in Dioscorea zingiberensis. It contains biological characteristic, genetic diversity, growth circumstance, breeding, cultivating, tissue and cell culture of D. zingiberensis. According to the fact of market demanding and resources protection, the writers propose that some work, including establishing gene bank, resources appraise, employing advanced technology to utlize the resources and making the cultivated standard, should be taken into consideration.
Cell Culture Techniques ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Dioscorea ; anatomy & histology ; genetics ; growth & development ; Ecosystem ; Genetic Variation ; Pharmacognosy ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; genetics ; growth & development ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods