Prolapse of the bladder is a rather unusual occurrence and only comparatively few cases have been reported in the literature. A case of prolapse of the bladder through the urethra occurred in a 9-month-old girl was presented. In this case, the bladder was protruded through the urethra probably due to straining following diarrhea and formed an egg-sized prolapsed mass outside the urethra. The literatures were briefly reviewed.
Diarrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Prolapse* ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder*

Recent reports suggest that the responses of the detrusor muscle to the hypogastric nerve stimulation and some autonomic drugs may not be identical among various species. In this study, the responses of the isolated detrusor muscle strips of the Amyda Japonica and the rabbit to catecholamines were compared, and the type of the adrenergic-receptors was investigated. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) evoked only contraction in the isolated detrusor muscle of the Amyda Japonica and relaxation in the preparation of the rabbit. 2. The contraction-response in the Amyda Japonica was blocked in the presence of regitine, an adrenergic alpha-receptor blocking agent. 3. The relaxation-response in the rabbit was abolished by pre-treatment with propranolol, an adrenergic beta-receptor blocking agent. 4. Acetylcholine elicited contraction in both of the isolated detrusor muscle strips of the Amyda japonica and the rabbit, and the response was completely blocked in the presence of atropine. 5. The results described above suggest that catecholamines exert excitatory effect on the detrusor muscle of the Amyda japonica as it contains adrenergic alpha-receptors and inhibitory effect on the same preparation of the rabbit as it contains the adrenergic beta-receptors. Key Word : amyda japonica,alpha receptor, beta receptor.
Acetylcholine ; Atropine ; Autonomic Agents* ; Catecholamines ; Phentolamine ; Propranolol ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta ; Relaxation

The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been considered a useful tumor marker in monitoring responses, disease progression and recurrence after therapy in patients with prostatic cancer. However. The effect of digital rectal examination on serum PSA determination has remained controversial. The author. therefore. investigated the influence of examination on seurm PSA values. Blood samples were taken before (T0) and 5 minutes (T1), 1 hour (T2), 24 hours (Ts) and I week (T4) after digital rectal examination and the concentration of serum PSA was measured using a Tandeme radioimmunometric assay in 49 persons including 7 patients with prostatic cancer. 27 patients with BPH and 15 controls free of prostatic disorder, The following results were obtained. 1. In normal control group. the mean (+/-SD) PSA values before and 5 minutes, 1 hour. 24 hours and l week after digital rectal examination were 1.51+/-1.12, 2.12+/-1.57. 2.53+/-1.62, 2.39+/-1.41 and 1.97+/-1.20 (ng/ml) respectively. Although serum PSA values measured at 5 minutes. 1 hour, 24 hours and 1 week after digital rectal examination were significantly elevated (p<0.05), most of post-examination PSA values remained within the normal range. 2. In benign prostatic hyperplasia. statistically significant differences between PSA values before and 1 hour and 24 hours after digital rectal examination were observed (p<0.05), while in prostatic cancer group. there were no significant differences between paired pre-examination and post-examination mean PSA values. 3. There were statistically significant differences between PSA values before and 5 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours and 1 week after rectal examination in normal-value group (<4.0 ng/ml) and between PSA values before and 1 hour after rectal examination in high-value group (>4.0 ng /ml). These results suggest that the evaluation of the concentration or PSA level for prostatic cancer suspected should be done before or immediately after prostatic manipulation.
Digital Rectal Examination* ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Recurrence ; Reference Values

No abstract available.
Laparoscopy* ; Ureter*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Finasteride* ; Rats* ; Spermatogenesis*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Female ; Impotence, Vasculogenic* ; Male ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex*

No abstract available.
Urodynamics*

PURPOSE: Forty percent of the newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients are over the age of 70 years, but it is said that over 75% of them are excluded from active programs of management. This study was to evaluate the usefulness of M-VAC(methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin) chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer patients over the age of 70 years compared with that of patients under the age of 70 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with invasive bladder cancer were treated with M-VAC chemotherapy. We divided the patients into group 1- 20 patients over the age of 70 years and group 2- 40 patients under the age of 70 years. We compared cycle length, toxicity and clinical response of M-VAC chemotherapy in group 1 with those of group 2. RESULTS: The Karnofsky performance score was 85.5% in group 1 and 96.3% in group 2. The cycle length needed for 2 cycle of M-VAC chemotherapy was 67.2(range, 56-92) days in Group 1 and 61.5(range, 56-78) days in Group 2(p>0.05). Hematologic toxicities had not significant difference between two groups. Vomiting and stomatitis occurred more common in group 1. In 3 patients of group 1, the serum creatinine level rose to more than 3 mg/dl. The clinical response was 50% in Group 1 and 67% in Group 2(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The bladder cancer patients over the age of 70 years had much more toxicity, longer cycle length and lower response rate, but these differences had not statistical significance. These results suggest that M-VAC chemotherapy in patients over the age of 70 years will achieves the therapeutic effects when the patients have a good physical condition and toxicities to chemotheraphy are monitored closely.
Aged* ; Creatinine ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Stomatitis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Vinblastine ; Vomiting

There were 26 children with urolithiasis evaluated clinically who were admitted in Chonnnam University Medical School Hospital between l975 and 1984. Male patients predominated l2 to l. Age ranged from lO months to 14 years with a mean age of 7.3 years. Most of the stones (80.8 per cent) were found in the lower urinary tract. Abnormalities of the urinary tract were presented in 4 patients (l5.4 per cent) but no causative factor was demonstrable in 22 (84.6 per cent). Idiopathic hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria were found in 3 and 2, respectively, of ll patients with idiopathic urolithiasis. The recurrences of urinary stone were observed in 5 of 26 patients (19.2 per cent).
Child* ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; Male ; Recurrence ; Schools, Medical ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Tract ; Urolithiasis*

A clinical observation was made on 148 patients of urolithiasis who admitted to the Department of Urology, C. A. F. G. H. during the 3 years period from January 1977 to December 1979. The results were as follows: 1. During the period, among the total admission (779 cases) those with urolithiasis were 148 cases (19. 0%), being the most common disease of the urinary tract. 2. The great majority of urinary calculi occurred in patients between the ages of 20 and 39(83. 7%). 3. On seasonal distribution, occurrence was prevalent in summer (27. 0%) 4. Locational distributions of urinary tract stones were 89 cases (60. 1%) in the ureter, 47 cases(31. 8%) it the kidney, 9 cases (6.1%) in the bladder and 3 cases (2.0%) in the urethra. 5. In the upper urinary tract stones, mostly the patients complained of flank pain (78. 7%), gastrointestinal symptoms(47. 0%) and gross hematuria(36. 0%), on the other hand in the lower urinary tract stones the chief complaints were stoppage or weakness of urinary stream, bladder irritability and gross hematuria. 6. On urinalysis in most patients pyuria or/and microscopic hematuria were present, and positive urine culture was obtained in 10.2% of the total pyuria cases (108 cases). The identified organisms were E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. 7. On I. V. P. study of the upper urinary tract stones (113 kidneys), moderate hydronephrotic changes were detected it 47 kidneys (32. 8%). non-visualization in 9 kidneys (6.3%) and W. N. L. in 19 kidneys (13. 3%). 8. Managements included surgical intervention (63. 9%), expectant treatments (25. 2%), ureteral catheterization (9.7%) and transurethral litholapaxy (1.3%).
Flank Pain ; Hand ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Kidney ; Klebsiella ; Lithotripsy ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Pyuria ; Rivers ; Seasons ; Staphylococcus ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Tract ; Urolithiasis* ; Urology