Prolapse of the bladder is a rather unusual occurrence and only comparatively few cases have been reported in the literature. A case of prolapse of the bladder through the urethra occurred in a 9-month-old girl was presented. In this case, the bladder was protruded through the urethra probably due to straining following diarrhea and formed an egg-sized prolapsed mass outside the urethra. The literatures were briefly reviewed.
Diarrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Prolapse* ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder*

Recent reports suggest that the responses of the detrusor muscle to the hypogastric nerve stimulation and some autonomic drugs may not be identical among various species. In this study, the responses of the isolated detrusor muscle strips of the Amyda Japonica and the rabbit to catecholamines were compared, and the type of the adrenergic-receptors was investigated. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) evoked only contraction in the isolated detrusor muscle of the Amyda Japonica and relaxation in the preparation of the rabbit. 2. The contraction-response in the Amyda Japonica was blocked in the presence of regitine, an adrenergic alpha-receptor blocking agent. 3. The relaxation-response in the rabbit was abolished by pre-treatment with propranolol, an adrenergic beta-receptor blocking agent. 4. Acetylcholine elicited contraction in both of the isolated detrusor muscle strips of the Amyda japonica and the rabbit, and the response was completely blocked in the presence of atropine. 5. The results described above suggest that catecholamines exert excitatory effect on the detrusor muscle of the Amyda japonica as it contains adrenergic alpha-receptors and inhibitory effect on the same preparation of the rabbit as it contains the adrenergic beta-receptors. Key Word : amyda japonica,alpha receptor, beta receptor.
Acetylcholine ; Atropine ; Autonomic Agents* ; Catecholamines ; Phentolamine ; Propranolol ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta ; Relaxation

The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been considered a useful tumor marker in monitoring responses, disease progression and recurrence after therapy in patients with prostatic cancer. However. The effect of digital rectal examination on serum PSA determination has remained controversial. The author. therefore. investigated the influence of examination on seurm PSA values. Blood samples were taken before (T0) and 5 minutes (T1), 1 hour (T2), 24 hours (Ts) and I week (T4) after digital rectal examination and the concentration of serum PSA was measured using a Tandeme radioimmunometric assay in 49 persons including 7 patients with prostatic cancer. 27 patients with BPH and 15 controls free of prostatic disorder, The following results were obtained. 1. In normal control group. the mean (+/-SD) PSA values before and 5 minutes, 1 hour. 24 hours and l week after digital rectal examination were 1.51+/-1.12, 2.12+/-1.57. 2.53+/-1.62, 2.39+/-1.41 and 1.97+/-1.20 (ng/ml) respectively. Although serum PSA values measured at 5 minutes. 1 hour, 24 hours and 1 week after digital rectal examination were significantly elevated (p<0.05), most of post-examination PSA values remained within the normal range. 2. In benign prostatic hyperplasia. statistically significant differences between PSA values before and 1 hour and 24 hours after digital rectal examination were observed (p<0.05), while in prostatic cancer group. there were no significant differences between paired pre-examination and post-examination mean PSA values. 3. There were statistically significant differences between PSA values before and 5 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours and 1 week after rectal examination in normal-value group (<4.0 ng/ml) and between PSA values before and 1 hour after rectal examination in high-value group (>4.0 ng /ml). These results suggest that the evaluation of the concentration or PSA level for prostatic cancer suspected should be done before or immediately after prostatic manipulation.
Digital Rectal Examination* ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Recurrence ; Reference Values

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Female ; Impotence, Vasculogenic* ; Male ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex*

No abstract available.
Laparoscopy* ; Ureter*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Finasteride* ; Rats* ; Spermatogenesis*

No abstract available.
Urodynamics*

PURPOSE: Forty percent of the newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients are over the age of 70 years, but it is said that over 75% of them are excluded from active programs of management. This study was to evaluate the usefulness of M-VAC(methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin) chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer patients over the age of 70 years compared with that of patients under the age of 70 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with invasive bladder cancer were treated with M-VAC chemotherapy. We divided the patients into group 1- 20 patients over the age of 70 years and group 2- 40 patients under the age of 70 years. We compared cycle length, toxicity and clinical response of M-VAC chemotherapy in group 1 with those of group 2. RESULTS: The Karnofsky performance score was 85.5% in group 1 and 96.3% in group 2. The cycle length needed for 2 cycle of M-VAC chemotherapy was 67.2(range, 56-92) days in Group 1 and 61.5(range, 56-78) days in Group 2(p>0.05). Hematologic toxicities had not significant difference between two groups. Vomiting and stomatitis occurred more common in group 1. In 3 patients of group 1, the serum creatinine level rose to more than 3 mg/dl. The clinical response was 50% in Group 1 and 67% in Group 2(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The bladder cancer patients over the age of 70 years had much more toxicity, longer cycle length and lower response rate, but these differences had not statistical significance. These results suggest that M-VAC chemotherapy in patients over the age of 70 years will achieves the therapeutic effects when the patients have a good physical condition and toxicities to chemotheraphy are monitored closely.
Aged* ; Creatinine ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Stomatitis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Vinblastine ; Vomiting

A clinical observation was done on 58 nephrectomized patients in the Department of Urology, Capital Armed Forces General Hospital, during the period from January 1977 to December 1979, The results were as follow: 1. The total number of in-patients during above mentioned period was 779 and of which nephrectomies were performed in 58 of the 469 total urologic operations (12. 4%). 2. The most favorable age was in 20 to 29 in 28 cases (60.4%) and the youngest was 10 months and the oldest 68 years. 3. The causative diseases of the operated kidneys were renal tuberculosis in 34 cases (58. 6%). hydronephrosis in 7 cases (12. 0%), renal injury it 6 cases (10.4%) and calculous disease in 3 cases (5.2%) in order. 4. Flank approach was most frequently used (82. 8%). 5. The left kidney was nephrectomized 1.4 times more than right kidney. 6. Postoperative complications were seen in 8 cases (13. 8%), which included 3 cases of wound infection, 3 paralytic and 2 pneumothorax.
Arm ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy ; Pneumothorax ; Postoperative Complications ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Urology ; Wound Infection

A clinical observation was made on 57 cases of renal tuberculosis who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Capital Armed Forces General Hospital during the period from January, 1977 to December, 1979. The following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of renal tuberculosig wag 7.3% of all urological in-patients and male to female ratio was 4.7:1. The most common age group was 21 to 40 years (77.2%). 2. The site of lesion showed right to left ratio of 42.1% to 38.6% and bilateral in 19,3% of cases. 3. Vesical irritability symptoms were more frequent than other symptoms and less frequent ones showed generalized symptoms in 7 cases (12.3%) and epididymitis in 6 cases (10.5%). 4. 20(35.1%) of 67 cages bad been associated with tuberculosis other than kidney or past history. Among the 20 cases, tuberculous epididymitis was found in 9 cases (15.8%), pulmonary tubercu1osis in 6 cases (10.5%) and prostatic tuberculosis in 2 cases (3.5%) in order 5. On the intravenous pyelogram, nonvisualization of the kidney was viewed in 22 cases (38.6%). 0ther findings were calyceal destruction in 19 cases (33. 3%) and delayed visualization in 14 cases (24.6%). The most commonly viewed ureteral and vesical abnormal findings were dilatation in 19 cases (33.3%) and reduction in bladder capacity in 18 cases(31.6%) 6. The 49 operations were performed in 37 cases of renal tuberculosis. In unilateral renal tuberculosis, nephrectomy was Jone in 21 cases (88.9%), ureteric-reimplantation in 2 cases and Boari-flap in 1 case. Conservative surgeries in bilateral renal tuberculosis were ureteric reimplantation in 4 cases, nephrostomy in 3 cases, cutaneous ureterostomy, Boari flap, ureteroileocystoplasty and calycoileoileostomy in 1 cases each other.
Arm ; Dilatation ; Epididymitis ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Replantation ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Renal* ; Ureter ; Ureterostomy ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology