Objective To determine the relationship between the polymorphism of D2S140 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods D2S140 region polymorphism were analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction and short tandem repeat methods in 103 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 105 nondiabetic subjects.All subjects were biologically unrelated Chinese without a family history of DM.Results There were 7 alleles ranging from 151bp to 163bp in all subjects.The frequencies were 0.01 to 0.37,2 alleles were more common in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic subjects (RR=16.04, P

Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of candidate genes 〔glucokinase (GCK) gene, NIDDM1(D2S140) gene, fatty acid bindingprotein2(FABP2)gene〕and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in Shandong Chinese Han population. Methods Short tandem repeat (STR) region polymorphisms of GCK gene, NIDDM1 gene and FABP2 gene were analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction and polyacrylamide sequencing gel in 107 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 105 normal subjects. The subjects studied were unrelated and they are Chinese Hans living in Shandong province and no diabetes family history was revealed. Results A5 allele of GCK gene and B2 allele of NIDDM1 gene were positively related with type 2 diabetes (RR=15.70, P0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that A5 allele and B2 allele were among the risk factors of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Polymorphic microastellite repeat markers at the glucokinase gene and the NIDDM1 (D2S140) gene locus are associated with type 2 diabetes in Chinese. The polymorphism at the FABP2 locus is not a genetic marker for type 2 DM in Chinese Hans.

Animals ; Endotoxemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mitochondria, Liver ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Objective To screen the risk factors of liver metastasis in patients with postoperative colorectal cancer and to set up a mathematic model.Methods One hundred and sixty-eight patients received radical surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Logistics model regression was used to identify the risk factors and ROC test to complete a mathematic model.Results The 3 and 5-year incidence rate of liver metastasis was 25.0％ and 33.3％,respectively.The risk factors of liver metastasis were lymph node metastasis (LNM),tumor invasive depth (TID),histological grading (G) and preoperative serum tumor markers (PSMs).The mathematic model was:logit (P) =-0.931 + 0.973 × LNM + 0.302 x TID + 0.637 x G + 0.042 x PSMs.Conclusion The risk factors of liver metastasis were LNM,TID,G and PSMs,and the mathematic model could be set up.

Objective To explore the effect of Xiongbiyihao mixture in the treatment of coronary heart disease with angina pectoris.Methods 90 coronary heart disease patients with angina pectoris were divided into the treatment group( 60 cases) and control group( 30 cases).The control group was given routine westerm medicine therapy,and the treatment group was administered with Xiongbiyihao mixture at the base of the control group.Ater treatment,the heart disease attack frequency,duration,and degree,clinical symptoms and electrocardiogram changes of the two groups were observed.Results The total efficiency symptoms of and electrocardiogram of the treatment group was 95.0％,90.0％,respectively,and was higher than that of the control group(76.7％,73.3％ ) ( x2 =9.7,x2 =7.8,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Xiongbiyihao mixture could effectively improve the coronary blood,reduce myocardial ischemia,and alleviate the symptoms of angina pectoris,chest tightness,chest pain.It is safe and effective in the treatment of angina pectoris,and worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the change of renal tubular function in elderly patients after use of β lactam antibiotic. Methods The elderly patients with pulmonary infection were treated with β lactam antibiotic,the dosage was 50%-70% of normal use. The renal tubular function indicated by urine α1-MG, β2-MG, pro/Cre, NAG/Cre and glomerulus function marked by eGFR, serum creatinine (Cre)), cystatin C were detected during drugs treatment and 7 days after stopping medications. Results The infection was controlled well in 3-7 days after treatment. Urine α1-MG, β2-MG, pro/Cre and NAG/Cre were abnormal before treatment, were elevated in 3, 14 days after using antibiotic, and came down to the level before treatment on 7 days after stopping treatment. The level of Cre and eGFR was (89.0±25.97) μmol/L and (26.39±8.17) ml/min before treatment, then elevated and decreased in 14 days after treatment, respectively, and down to the level before treatment on 7 days after stopping of antibiotic. Cystatin c was abnormal before treatment and did not change significantly after treatment and after stopping antibiotic. Conclusions It is important to protect renal tubular function and to adjust antibiotic dosage according to eGFR during using antibiotic in elderly patients to control infection.

The construction of art mass organization in medical colleges can consummate quality education system,make up insufficiency of the classroom teaching,promote medical students' comprehensive development and innovative ability and mold fine mind and lofty medical ethics.Therefore,it has important theoretical and practical significance to study existing problems and find out the ways to improve art mass organization construction of medical schools.

Based on summarizing the international experiences and reviewing the historical evolution and current situation of the physicians'compensation system of public hospitals in China,this paper clarified the existing problems of the current compensation system.Such problems namely included lack of security on the source of the physicians'compensation,low level of sunshine salary which caused thecompensatory mechanism,lack of scientific design of the salary structure and allocation,as well as other underlying causes.Drawing lessons from reform practices at home and abroad,the basic principles and reform directions were put forward,as well as 4 route selections,namely establishing an security investment system to guarantee a stable and higher level salary under the current compensation system, implementing a high level of flip-type annual compensation with locking the current salary into files, establishing an appropriate compensation system referring to an innovated evaluation system of physicians in public hospitals,and coordinating closely with public institution reforms to promote physicians' compensation system reform.

The paper presented the payment system theory of the primary health care service in China,the current status of the health service system,and analyzed main challenges for the time being.Based on such studies,the authors made the following policy proposals.The first is adjustment of the fiscal payment method of the government to such institutions in line with the classification guidance principle; the second is to shift the payment method of primary public health services to the post payment of fee-for-service; the third is reform of the performance-based salary system to link payment to medical workers directly with the amount and quality of their services; the fourth is a set of result-oriented performance appraisal indicators,with rising proportion of performance pay; the fifth is to integrate the outpatient clinic fund covered by medical insurance and the primary public health service fund,into a capitation payment.

Objective To study the success rate of ventilator weaning in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients influenced by bobbed endotracheal intubation. Methods One hundred and sixteen AECOPD patients who were given invasive mechanical ventilation and reached the standards of off-ventilator were divided into control group (general endotracheal intubation group) and experiment group bobbed (tracheal intubation) by random digits table method with 58 cases each. The respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), rapid and shallow breathing index (RSBI), oxygenation index (OI), pulse blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), tidal volume and success rate of ventilator weaning were compared. Both groups were implemented of extubation if they reached the standards of the extubation time by observing their ability in spontaneous breathing test (SBT). Results The RR, HR and RSBI before extubation in experiment group were significantly lower than those in control group:(19.7 ± 2.3) times/min vs. (23.5 ± 2.3) times/min, (91.2 ± 6.3) times/min vs. (93.4 ± 8.1) times/min and 80.2 ± 6.7 vs. 90.5 ± 9.6, P<0.05, and the OI, SpO2, tidal volume and success rate of ventilator weaning were significantly higher than those in control group: (269 ± 9) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (245 ± 16) mmHg, 0.929 ± 0.014 vs. 0.870 ± 0.037, (6.1 ± 1.2) ml/kg vs. (5.1 ± 0.8) ml/kg and 91.38%(53/58) vs. 77.59%(45/58), P<0.05. Conclusions The bobbed endotracheal intubations can improve the success rate of ventilator weaning in patients with AECOPD.