With the continuous improvement of the diagnosis rate of benign pancreatic disease and the younger age of disease onset,the demand for minimally invasive pancreatic surgery is increasing,meanwhile,how to keep the normal pancreatic tissue as much as possible to reduce the impact on the patients' life has gained surgeons' thinking.The Da Vinci robotic surgical system,providing a clearer 3D vision and more accurate operation,makes some difficult minimally invasive pancreatic surgery such as pancreaticoduodenectomy can be carried out extensively.Based on clinical experiences and related literatures,this paper will analyze the present situation of Da Vinci robot-assisted pancreatic surgery and give prospects.

Objective To explore the universal pathologic changes as well as the characteristic features of post-transplant hepatitis C caused by different HCV genotypes and study the relationship between pathologic change with HCV genotypes.Methods Fifty cases of HCV-related post-transplant hepatitis C with confirmative serum HCV RNA positivity and HBV DNA negativity between January 2001 to April 2002 were collected from Starzl transplant institute, Pittsburgh university. Liver biopsy from all cases was obtained at the same time. The parameters of histology activity index (HAI), hepatic fibrosis stage (HFS), liver steatosis (LS) and rejection were evaluated. The data were analyzed by SAS 6.12 statistical software using Wilcoxon method.Results Several HCV genotypes or subgenotypes such as 1a, 1b, 2, 3a and 4 were separated at this group. Although there was no statistical difference in HAI, HFS between individual genotype groups, there was significant difference in LS. More severe steatosis was found in HCV 3a and HCV 2 groups other than in HCV 1, HCV 4 groups ( P

Objective To study the changes of serum liver functions in recurrent hepatitis C ~after liver transplantation.Methods The clinical data of 50 cases of recurrent hepatitis C (~simultaneously negative for serum HBV DNA) after liver transplantation were collected. The relationship between liver function parameters with the HCV RNA genotype, inflammation histological activity, fibrosis stage, steatosis grade and rejection was evaluated. Results ALT, AST and ?-GT were increased in recurrent hepatitis C. Among them, ?-GT was obviously elevated along with the ~aggravation of histological activity (P

The da Vinci robotic surgical system has the advantages of three-dimensional vision and high degree of accuracy,flexibility and repeatability,which makes surgical procedures such as digestive tract anastomosis easier to conduct under minimally invasive conditions.In this article,the feasibility and principle of digestive tract anastomosis and the procedures of pancreaticojejunostomy and pancreaticogastrostomy by the da Vinci robotic surgical system are introduced,so as to improve the quality of anastomosis and reduce the incidences of postoperative complications.Compared with traditional laparotomy,da Vinci robotic surgical system simplified the surgical procedures and reduced the trauma,which is suitable for digestive tract anastomosis in pancreatic surgery.The method of pancreatic anastomosis should be selected in consideration of the condition of patients,surgical procedure and the experience of surgeons.

Objective To verify the diagnosis of the bacterial infections and to identify the pathogens, by PCR detection and bacterial endotoxin limulus test. Methods This study enrolled 50 patients receiving liver al-lografts from October 2005 to October 2007 in Ruijin Hospital. Peripheral blood samples were taken on DO, D1, D7 and D14. After preparation of the samples, PCR detection, bacterial endotoxin limulus test were performed. Results The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the diagnosis was 66.7% ,95.0%, and 78.0% for the PCR, and 84.2%,83.9%,and 84.0% for limulus test respectively. It took 3 hours on average for the accomplishment of all these tests. Conclusions Positive PCR test plus negative limulus test suggest G+ infection, which may need the drugs targeting on G+ bacteria;positive PCR test plus positive limulus test, suggest G-infection or mixed infection, which may need drugs against the G-bacteria;negative PCR test, suggests the lack of severe infection. PCR test and limulus test were both remarkably faster than traditional cultural methods in diagnosis.

Objective·To prepare chitosan-gelatin porous microspheres by high voltage electrostatic method combined with freeze-drying and ionic cross-linking method and investigate the factors that influence the formation of porous medium.Methods·Porous chitosan microspheres and chitosangelatin porous microspheres were prepared using high voltage electrostatic method combined with freeze-drying and ionic cross-linking method,with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as crosslinking agent.Factors that affect the porous structure and pore size of porous microspheres were compared,such as different chitosan-gelatin ratio,freezing temperature,curing time with saturated STPP in 85％ ethanol solution.The morphology,surface and internal structure,particle size of the porous chitosan microspheres and chitosan-gelatin porous microspheres were observe by using light microscope,scanning electron microscope and hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results·Microspheres prepared by freeze-drying with an electrostatic and ionic cross-linking method have open,interconnected and highly macroporous,with good spherical surface.Saturated STPP ethanol solution (85％ ethanol) was chosen as the crosslinking agent to prevent destruction of the porous structure.The order of freeze and crosslinking,cross-linking time and the second freezing temperature,can influence the pore size of porous microspheres.Gelatin and chitosan can form polyelectrolyte complexes,and can also be used as porogen in porous structure.Conclusion·The preparation of porous chitosan-gelatin microspheres via this method has a large pore size (diameter 100-200 μm),suitable for cell growth and the migration.

BACKGROUND: Presently, there is not an optimal cryopreservation protocol of the microcapsules, which has restrained the application of the microcapsules. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of ice crystal and the morphology of alginate-chitosan-alginate (ACA) microcapsules cryopreserved at different solutions and different cooling rates, and to explore the optimal cryopreservationprotocol for ACA microcapsules. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observational study was performed at the Laboratory of Cryomicroecope in Shanghai University of Science and Technology (China) from February to April in 2008. MATERIALS: The high-voltage pulsing microcapsule shaping device was used to prepare ACA microcapsules.METHODS: The ACA microcapsules were preserved at different cooling rates (1 ℃/minute, 10 ℃/minute, 30 ℃/minute and 100 ℃/minute) by the cryomicroscopy system and then rawarmed at 50 ℃/minute. The protocols were repeated after the supplement of 10% dimethyl sulphoxide. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The growth of ice crystals and the morphology of ACA microcapsules were checked at different cooling rates and in different solutions. The changes of forms and the rates of damage were checked after the microcapsules were rewarmed.RESULTS: The ice crystals grew into big crystals at the freezing process when the cooling rate was low than 10 ℃/minute and cryoprotector was not used. The growth of ice crystals would result in the distortion of microcapsules. It also could reduce the cryodamage of the microcapsules. The size of the ice crystals would grow down when raising the cooling rate and using thecryoprotector. The post-thaw ACA microcapsules were intact when dimethyl sulphoxide was used at a concentration of 10% and the cooling rate was higher than 30 ℃/minute (P ＜ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Mechanical damage occurs mainly during the growing of ice crystals at the time of microcapsules cryopreservation process. The growth of the ice could be restrained effectively by raising the cooling rate and using the cryoprotector.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of the solid-psendopapillary tumor of pancreas (SPT).Methods The clinical data of 40 SPT from January 1996 to January 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The average age was (32.9 + 13.6 )years. The average clinical course was (8.6±0.1) months.Clinical symptoms usually included distensible pains and secret anguish in abdomen (60.0%).No jaundice appeared in any case.Results The surgical resection was favorable for the treatment of SPT,which had excellent prognosis.No tumor recurrence were found in those following-up patients. Grossly,the cut surface showed areas of solid and papillary tissue,cystic degeneration,hemorrhage,and necrosis.Pathological features included a combination of solid and cystic components with pseudopapillae formation and degenerative regions without glands.Conclusions SPT has its uniquely clinical and pathological characteristics.Its main diagnosed points are helpful for clinical doctors to make timely diagnosis and reduce the rate of misdiagnosis and mistreatment.

Objective To compare the two liver volume measurements using multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT)for clinical reference.Methods Twenty-four patients with hepatic disease awaiting orthotopic liver transplantation underwent muhiphase MSCT of the upper abdomen.Liver volumes using two measurements(manual volume measurement and semi-automated volume measurement)before transplantation were compared with the actual liver volume(ALV)measured during transplantation by means of water displacement.Both measurements were timed.Correlation coefficient.one way ANOVA and Bland-Altman tests were used for statistical analysis.Results The mean liver volume estimated with the manual method and the semi-automated method were(1360±157)cm3 and(1345±152)cm3.respectively.The actual liver volume was(1307±153)cm3.There was no significant diffierence between the volumes measured using the three methods(F=0.032,P＞0.05).For all the patients,there Was significant correlation between liver volume measured by MSCT and the actual liver volume.There was a good correlation between the liver volume measured by manual method and the actual liver volume(r=0.976,P＜0.05),so did the correlation between the liver volume measured by semi-automated method and the actual liver volume (r=0.987,P＜0.05).And the semi-automated method took much shorter time[(9.2±1.8)min]compared with the manual method [(23.2±5.8)min ].Conclusion Semi-automated method provided acceptable measurements for liver volume.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of pancreaticoduodenectomy by using the da Vinci robotic system.Methods The clinical data of 10 patients who received pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) by the da Vinci robotic surgical system at the Ruijin Hospital from March 2010 to March 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The perioperative condition of the patients,incidence of complications and postoperative survival were observed.Results Operations were successfully performed on all the patients,and there was no conversion to open surgery.Nine patients received pancreaticojejunostomy,and 1 received pancreaticogastrostomy.The mean operation time,operative blood loss and postoperative duration of hospital stay were 449.5 minutes (range,405-510 minutes),614 ml (range,340-1100 ml) and 22.7 days (range,14-39 days),respectively.One patient developed pancreatic obstruction which was alleviated by operation.Two patients developed pancreatic fistula and were cured by conservative treatment.One patient developed anastomotic bleeding and was cured by conservative treatment.The results of pathological examination confirmed that 3 patients were diagnosed as with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,2 with duodenal papillary adenocarcinoma,1 with ampullary adenocarcinoma,2 with serous cystadenocarcinoma,1 with carcinoid tumor and 1 with pancreatic duct stone and inflammatory mass.All patients were followed up for 6-12 months.The prognosis of the 9 patients was good,except for 1 patient who had tumor recurrence at the sixth month after operation.No mortality was observed.Conclusion PD performed with the da Vinci robotic surgical system is safe,and its efficacy is comparable to that of open surgery.