Objective:To develop a nutritional assessment scale for patients with inflammatory bowel disease and examine its reliability and validity for assessing nutritional literacy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Methods:Based on the Nutbeam health literacy stratification model and knowledge-attitude-practice model, a preliminary scale was developed through literature review, semi-structured interviews, expert consultation and pre-surveys. A convenient sampling method was used to select 376 inflammatory bowel disease patients admitted to Tenth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from September, 2022 to April, 2023 for questionnaire surveys, and reliability and validity tests were conducted to form the final scale.Results:The nutritional assessment scale for inflammatory bowel disease included 39 items. Exploratory factor analysis identified five common factors: nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitudes, nutritional practices, information interaction ability, and information evaluation ability. These factors explained 65.431% of the total variance. The content validity index of the scale was 0.857, and the item-level content validity index ranged from 0.800 to 1.000. The Cronbach α coefficient of the scale was 0.869, and the Cronbach α coefficients of each dimension ranged from 0.847 to 0.922. Conclusions:The developed nutritional assessment scale for inflammatory bowel disease demonstrates good reliability and validity, allowing for effective evaluation of patients′nutritional status.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the first-line treatment using the combination therapy of sugemalimab and chemotherapy （hereinafter referred to as the “combination therapy”） for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） with high programmed death-ligand 1 （PD-L1） expression from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. METHODS A partitioned survival model was constructed based on data from the GEMSTONE-304 study. The model cycle was set at 3 weeks， with a study duration of 10 years and a discount rate of 5%. The primary output parameters of the model included total costs， quality-adjusted life year （QALY）， incremental costs， and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER）. Cost- utility analysis was employed to assess the economic feasibility of the combination therapy compared to chemotherapy alone. The robustness of the base case analysis results was evaluated through univariate sensitivity analysis， probabilistic sensitivity analysis， and scenario analysis. RESULTS The ICER of the combination therapy compared to chemotherapy alone was 288 430.35 yuan/QALY， significantly exceeding the willingness-to-pay （WTP） threshold of 173 354.52 yuan/QALY which was set at 1.94 times the per capita gross domestic product （GDP） in 2023. The price of sugemalimab was the primary factor influencing the ICER. When the WTP threshold was set at 1.94 times the per capita GDP （173 354.52 yuan/QALY）， the probability of the combination therapy being cost-effective compared to chemotherapy alone was 0. The combination therapy only became cost-effective compared to chemotherapy alone when the price of the drug dropped to 6 107.41 yuan per box （600 mg）. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system， the combination therapy for first-line treatment of advanced ESCC with high PD-L1 expression is not cost-effective； the combination therapy is cost-effective when the price of sugemalimab decreas by 50.65%.

The widespread application of next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical settings has enabled testing, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of genetic diseases. However, many issues have arisen in the meanwhile. One of the most pressing issues is the lack of standards for reporting genetic test results across different service providers. The First Forum on Standards and Specifications for Clinical Genetic Testing was held to address the issue in Shenzhen, China, on October 28, 2017. Participants, including geneticists, clinicians, and representatives of genetic testing service providers, discussed problems of clinical genetic testing services across in China and shared opinions on principles, challenges, and standards for reporting clinical genetic test results. Here we summarize expert opinions presented at the seminar and report the consensus, which will serve as a basis for the development of standards and guidelines for reporting of clinical genetic testing results, in order to promote the standardization and regulation of genetic testing services in China.

The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide in recent decades. Genetic factors are now known to play a substantial role in the predisposition to obesity and may contribute up to 70% of the risk for obesity. Technological advancements during the last decades have allowed the identification of many hundreds of genetic markers associated with obesity. However, the transformation of current genetic variant-obesity associations into biological knowledge has been proven challenging. Genomics and proteomics are complementary fields, as proteomics extends functional analyses. Integrating genomic and proteomic data can help to bridge a gap in knowledge regarding genetic variant-obesity associations and to identify new drug targets for the treatment of obesity. We provide an overview of the published papers on the integrated analysis of proteomic and genomic data in obesity and summarize four mainstream strategies: overlap, colocalization, Mendelian randomization, and proteome-wide association studies. The integrated analyses identified many obesity-associated proteins, such as leptin, follistatin, and adenylate cyclase 3. Despite great progress, integrative studies focusing on obesity are still limited. There is an increased demand for large prospective cohort studies to identify and validate findings, and further apply these findings to the prevention, intervention, and treatment of obesity. In addition, we also discuss several other potential integration methods.
Humans ; Proteome/metabolism* ; Proteomics ; Prospective Studies ; Obesity/genetics* ; Genomics ; Genome-Wide Association Study