Objective To explore the efficacy of Xipayigingiva consolidation gargle for root canal flushing. Methods 543 teeth in 543 patients with acute or chronic pulpitis or apical periodontitis who needed root canal treatmentwere divided into three groups by completely randomized design. The three groups wereXipayigingiva consolidation gargle group, hydrogen peroxide group, and sodium hypochlorite group. Conventional pulp chamber incision, pulpectomy and root canals preparation were used for the affected teeth. Three different rinsing solutions were applied to flush root canal. One week later , signs and symptoms were observed , and success rate was assessed in patients by comparing among the three groups. Results Regardless of duration of disease course and patients′ oral health situation, the success rate did not differ significantly among the three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Xipayi gingiva consolidation gargle has the same effect as sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide. It can be used as an alternative for flushing root canal.

BACKGROUND: Although newly formed constructs of feasible pressure-preadjusted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) showed biomechanical flexibility and superior capacity for cartilage regeneration, it is still not very clear how BMSCs and seed cells feel mechanical stimuli and convert them into biological signals, and the difference in signal transduction underlying mechanical and chemical cues is also unclear. METHODS: To determine whether mechanical stimulation (hydrostatic pressure) and chemical cues (platelet-rich fibrin, PRF) activate canonical or noncanonical Wnt signaling in BMSCs, BMSCs cocultured with PRF were subjected to hydrostatic pressure loading, and the activation of the Wnt signaling molecules and expression of cartilage-associated proteins and genes were determined by western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Inhibitors of canonical or noncanonical Wnt signaling, XVX-939 or L690,330, were adopted to investigate the role of Wnt signaling molecules in mechanically promoted chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. RESULTS: Hydrostatic pressure of 120 kPa activated both Wnt/b-catenin signaling and Wnt/Ca2+ signaling, with the the maximum promotion effect at 60 min. PRF exerted no synergistic effect on Wnt/b-catenin signaling activation. However, the growth factors released by PRF might reverse the promotion effects of pressure on Wnt/Ca2+ signaling. Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that pressure could activate the expression of Col-II, Sox9, and aggrecan in BMSCs cocultured with PRF. Blocking experiment found a positive role of Wnt/b-catenin signaling, and a negative role of Wnt/ Ca2+ signaling in chondrogenic differentiation of the BMSCs. Mutual inhibition exists between canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling in BMSCs under pressure. CONCLUSION Wnt signaling participates in the pressure-promoted chondrogenesis of the BMSCs co-cultured with PRF, with canonical and noncanonical pathways playing distinct roles during the process.

Objective To investigate the status of plaque control in patients with periodontal disease and its related in-fluencing factors.Methods A total of 350 periodontal disease patients admitted to the Hospital of Stomatological Xi'an Jiao-tong University from May 2018 to May 2022 were selected as the research subjects by the random sampling method.All patients underwent total supragingival oral prophylaxis.The total oral plaque assessment and detection,general oral examination,and a questionnaire survey on oral hygiene behavior will be conducted when patients came back for return visit at 7-10 days after operation.Single factor and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the factors affecting the effectiveness of plaque control.Results A total of 350 questionnaires were distributed in this study,and 340 valid questionnaires(97.14％)were collected.The total plaque index of the patient was(68.42±16.93)％;the plaque index in maxillary was significantly lower than that in mandibular(P＜0.05);the plaque index in anterior tooth area was significantly lower than that in the poste-rior tooth area(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in plaque index between the left and right halves of the mouth(P＞0.05);there was no significant difference in plaque index between zone 1 and zone 2(P＞0.05);there was no signifi-cant difference in plaque index between zone 3 and zone 4(P＞0.05);the plaque index in zone 3 and zone 4 was significantly higher than that in zone 1 and zone 2,respectively(P＜0.05).There was no significance difference in the plaque index be-tween distal and lingual surfaces(P＞0.05),while there was significance difference in the plaque index between the other dental surfaces(P＜0.05).The results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant difference in plaque index among patients with different genders,educational levels,disease severity,brushing duration,and brushing method(P＜0.05);the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of the disease and brushing method were the factors affecting the plaque index(P＜0.05).Conclusion The overall control situation of plaque control in patients with periodontal disease is not ideal.The severity of the disease and the method of brushing teeth are factors affecting the effectiveness of plaque index control.Oral health education should be strengthened to promote plaque control in patients with periodontal disease.

【Objective】 To quantitatively analyze the surgical freedom of odontioectomy via endoscopic endonasal approach. 【Methods】 Seven adult head specimens were dissected by the endoscopic transnasal approach to the sellar region and craniocervical junction. The center of sellar floor (CenSF), opticocarotid recess (LOCR), foramen magnum, atlas, atlas-occipital joint and tip of odontoid process (TOP) were exposed. The surgical freedom of TOP was calculated by using the spatial coordinate positioning system of neuronavigation, and compared with that of LOCR and CenSF. 【Results】 CenSF and LOCR were common landmarks in the endonasal endoscopic approach. When the surgical freedom between TOP and CenSF and LOCR was compared, it indicated that ① The angle of attack on axial plane (AAAP):There was a significant difference among TOP, LOCR and CenSF (5.7 ° vs. 6.9 ° vs. 8.5 °, P=0.004). The comparison between the two groups showed that TOP was less than CenSF (P=0.003). ② The angle of attack on sagittal plane (AASP): There was a significant difference among TOP, LOCR and CenSF (6.3° vs. 7.0° vs. 9.5°, P=0.009). The TOP was less than CenSF (P=0.008). ③ There was no statistical significance between TOP and LOCR in surgical freedom (P=0.604, P=0.688). 【Conclusion】 Endoscopic transnasal approach can provide sufficient surgical freedom for odontoidectomy.