Brain metastasis ( BM) is a common brain tumor in a-dults, originating from extracranial location in the body. There has been a growing interest in producing suitable animal models for studying BM in vivo. Current BM models take peripheral or brain route for tumor cell inoculation, including intra-cardiac or intra-carotid artery injection or orthotopic injection. Direct im-plantation of patient tumor biopsies into rodent brain bears ad-vantages of clinical relevance. This review presents a compre-hensive introduction to key elements for establishing animal mod-els of BM, with highlights on selections of suitable model ani-mals, brain-seeking tumor cell lines, reasonable inoculation routes, as well as succedent phenotyping methods. In the end, perspectives and future directions in this field are discussed.

Objective To assess the efficacy and significance of hepatic protection by observing the incidence of liver injury in patients with chemotherapy who were treated and untreated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).Methods A retrospective analysis was applied to compare the changes in liver function tests and incidence rate of drug -induced liver injury between the observation group (treated with TCM)and the control group (untreated with TCM)after chemotherapy.Results The incidence rates of liver injury in the observation group and control group was 4.7%(2 /43)and 23.9%(11 /46)respectively.The difference between the two groups was statisti-cally significant(χ2 =6.611,P =0.01).The ALT,AST,TBIL,ALP between the two groups had statistically signifi-cant differences after treatment (all P <0.05).Conclusion Using TCMin hepatic protection can improve liver tests and reduce the incidence of drug -induced liver injury from chemotherapy.

Objective and method.To research the alteration of pulmonary flow spectrum of patients with congenital heart disease and the relation between pulmonary flow spectrum and pulmonary artery pressure,33 patients with congenital heart disease were examined by echocardiography and catheterization.Results.The result showed that the spectrum peak early occurring in patients with pulmonary hypertension and the degree of the spectrum peak early occurring was related to pulmonary artery pressure positively.The result suggested that when the pulmonary artery systolic pressure was over 100 mmHg,the flow spectrum showed slender pattern usually.Conclusion.The slender pattern in pulmonary flow spectrum could be a semi- quantity parameter to predict that the pulmonary artery systolic pressure more than 100 mmHg.

Objective: To study the preventive effect of Timosaponin BⅡ (T-BⅡ) -loaded temperature/ion-sensitive nasal in situ hydrogels (ISGs) on Alzheimer's disease (AD), its preparation technology, characteristics and in vivo effects were evaluated.Methods: The morphological and rheological properties were evaluated. The preventive effects of T-BⅡ ISG on scopolamine-induced AD in mice were determined with the index of muscarinicreceptor 1 (M1) expression and pathological changes. Results: Results revealed that T-BⅡ ISG significantly increased the content of M1 choline receptors in the hippocampus of mice and ameliorated the damage incurred to the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area. Conclusion: T-BⅡ ISGs is a reasonable and convenient method of exerting an obvious preventive effect on mice with AD induced by scopolamine. This, thereby, lays forth a new treatment option for preventing AD.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism* ; Humans ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism* ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Mutation ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Troponin T/metabolism*