Objective: To study the effect of organizational justice,organizational support,organizational commitment,role stress on job burnout.Methods: A total of 361 employees were evaluated for their job burnout,organizational justice,organizational support,role stress and organizational commitment.And the LISREL model was built based on the data.Results: The role stress,organizational commitment and organizational justice were the important forecast variables to job burnout.Role stress and organizational commitment mainly produced direct effect to job burnout,but organizational justice mostly produced indirect effect to job burnout by organizational commitment.Furthermore,It was also found that organizational support played an intermediate role organizational justice,role stress and organizational commitment.Conclusion: Organizational justice,organizational support,organizational commitment and role stress have different level of effects on job burnout.

The writer observed the sural anastomotic nerve on 276 lower limbs from 138 corpses, including 11 adults and 127 new-borns (84 male, 54 females). It was found that sural anastomotic nerves are present in 219 cases (79.3%) and absent in 57 cases(20.7%). The ways of anastomosis of these nerves fall into the following four types: (1) Type A: The sural anastomotic and lateral sural cutaneous branches arise from peroneal nerve with a common trunk—108 cases (49.7%). (2) Type B: The sural anastomotic nerve is one of the terminal branches of thelateral sural cutaneous nerve—48 cases (21.9%). (3) Type C: The lateral sural cutaneous nerve arises from sural anastomoticnerve—35 cases (16%). (4) Type D: The lateral sural cutaneous and sural anastomotic branches arise separately from the common peroneal nerve—28 cases (12.8%).

The mucous glands (sublingual gland, pyloric gland, main pancreatic duct gland, duodenum gland and large intestinal gland) have been studied-by means of labelled lectins and histochemical methods. The results indicated that a large amount of mucopolysaccharide with sailic acid are found in sublingual glands and pyloric glands, while a large amount of sulfate mucopolysaccharide are observed in the other three glands. In addition, the reactivity of DBA and PNA in mucous glands are different, for example, the sublingual and large intestinal glands are negative for DBA and PNA staining. On the contrary, the pyloric glands, duodenum glands as well as main pancreatic duct glands are heavily stained with DBA, but various between the mucous glands stained with PNA. The goblet cells in duodenum, large intestine and main pancreatic duct are similar in their morphology, but the reactions of PAS, AB and lectins are different between them, even so in the same organ, the staining pattern also differ from their locations. The mucous glands and goblet cells contained different mucopolysaccharides, which might be concerr/ed with different functions in different organs.

The anatomical features of the digestive system in 126 new-born cadavers were examined. In the oral cavity, the palatal ridges on the anterior part of the hard palate were very conspicous. The tongue, in most of the cases, was found to protrude out into the vestibule. This condition was contradictory to most of the textbooks, which state the tongue of the new born infant is short. The pharynx showed usual appearance as in the adult. Its lower end, taking the level of the lower border of the larynx as a land-mark, was at the level of the 4th or 5th cervical vertebra. The distance between the lower margin of the soft palate to the above mentioned level was 3—4 cm. The oesophagus showed no distinct constriction throughout its length. The distance between the upper alveolar process to the cardiac orifice of the stomach was 13—16 cm., being 15 cm. in average. In the majority of cases, the stomach assumed a "J" shape, and its general outline was very much like that of the adult. The liver was relatively large, its weight being 3—4% of that of the body. The umbilical vein when coursing in the left longitudinal fissure of the liver showed a dilation, from which 2—3 branches were given out to the left lobe; 1 or 2 branches to the caudate lobe; 1 to the right lobe after anastomosing with the portal vein. From this anastomotic branch, 1 twig was given to the quadrate lobe. The termination of this vein then became the ductus venosus, much diminished in size, before joining the inferior vena cava. The pancreas was 3—5 gms. in weight. Its course was in front of the left suprarenal gland instead of the left kidney. The small intestine appeared lengthy. No measurement was made on account of the embalmed bodies. A second duodenal papilla was found in 86% of the total cases. The caecum assumed a funnel-shape, lying above the iliac crest in most of the cases. In 3 cases the caecum was observed to be high up under the liver. The vermiform appendix was 3—5 cm. in length, and no valve was found at its orifice. A certain quantity of meconium was found in the lumen of the appendix. The position of the appendix was found to be variable. The taeniae coli were visible. In the majority of cases, neither sacculations nor ap- pendices epiploicae were present. The descending and sigmoid colon were largely distended by the meconium. No visible fat deposition was found in the omentum and mesentery in which the blood vessels and lymph nodes were clearly visible. The great omentum was rather short and extended only 2—3 cm. downwards from the great curvature of the stomach.

Objective To provide scientific evidence for nutrition therapy and health education for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Based on body mass index (BMI),75 newly admitted T2DM patients were assigned to the normal body-weight group and the over-weight group.Three days before admission,their dietary status was investigated.The average energy intake was compared with the average standard supply.The energy from protein,fat or carbohydrate and the intake of fiber were compared with the recommendations from the American Diabetes Association (ADA).The intake of other nutrient was compared with the recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) or adequate intakes (AI).Results Compared with the standard supply,the average energy intake of the normal body-weight group was significantly decreased (t =2.61,P ＜ 0.05 ),however the average energy intake of the overweight group was significantly increased (t =3.91,P＜0.05).The percentage of energy from protein of the two groups was significantly higher than target levels ( t values were 13.23,21.13 respectively; all P ＜ 0.05 ) ; the percentage of energy from protein of the two groups was significantly higher than target levels (t values were 5.36,10.66 respectively ; all P ＜ 0.05 ) ; however,the percentage of energy from carbohydrate was lower in both groups ( t values were 6.94,15.76 respectively; all P ＜ 0.05 ) ; the average intake of fiber were also lower in both groups (t values were 26.54,40.80 respectively ; all P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe participants showed insufficient knowledge on healthy diet.Health education could play a role in balanced diet and energy intake.

The statistics of purified protein derivative (PPD) test and chest radiograph of freshmen at a university from 2007 to 2010 were collected and examined.The result showed 25 tuberculosis cases (a prevalence rate of 0.18％) and 1 790 cases (13.40％) with strong positive PPD.After giving informed consents,the students with strong positive result and no abnormality on chest radiograph were divided into two groups.The treatment group (n =814) received precautionary anti-tuberculosis treatment while the nontreatment group (n =976) had no treatment.And 34 tuberculosis cases were found during four years in school (0.25％).Except for freshmen in 2008,the prevalence rate of the strong positive PPD groups much higher than that of the positive and negative groups and the difference had statistic significance between the groups (x2 =23.20,10.58,18.80,P ＜ 0.05).Therefore PPD test and chest radiograph are two main methods for an early diagnosis of tuberculosis among freshmen.Adopting precautionary anti-tuberculosis treatment for students with strong positive PPD and regular physical examinations are effective measures for tuberculosis control at universities.

The change of Dietary pattern matched to a change in diseases spectrum of Chinese people in recent years. For improving the function of clinical nutrition branch in hospitals, in accordance with the change in the spectrum and patients' characters, we need to adjust the clinical nutrition treatments individually, to enhance the health education and consultation, to set new dietary pattern for people rationally, and to carry out the scientific research in the field of the relation between concerned chemical elements of organical foods and human health status in general, in order to reach the advanced hospital standards.

Objective: To investigate the effects of lycopene on T lymphocyte subpopulations and pulmonary alveolar macrophagic (PAM) functions in rats with acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: Rats were randomly divided into the following groups. (1) Control group, (2) ALI model group, (3) Low dose group, (4) Mid dose group and (5) High dose group. Control group and ALI model group were treated with solvent of lycopene, and the other groups were gastrically incubated with lycopene. Thirty-five days later, control group were given physiological saline, ALI model group and lycopene administrated groups were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (6.0 mg/kg) to induce ALI. One hour, four hours or six hours after LPS or physiological saline challenged, abdominal aorta blood for measuring lymphocyte subpopulations and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for measuring function of PAM were gathered respectively. Results: (1) At h 1, the percentages of CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ of lycopene administrated groups compared with control group were not significantly different. At h 4, the percentage of CD4+ was similar to that at h 1. As for the percentages of CD3+, except high dose group [(28.8?9.9)%] was significantly lower, low dose, mid dose and ALI model group showed no significant difference compared with control group[(39.5?4.5)%]. The percentages of CD8+ of ALI model and lycopene administrated rats, separately (10.2?3.9)%,(10.3?2.8)%,(9.8?2.8)%,(10.1?3.5)%, had been significantly reduced compared with control group[(15.1?2.5)%]; between ALI model and lycopene ad-ministrated groups there was no significant difference. The instance at h 6 was the same as that at h 4. The percentage ratios of CD4+ T-lymphocyte to CD8+ T-lymphocyte of ALI model rats were not significantly different compared with control group or lycopene administrated groups at h 1 and h 6. At h 4, the ratio of the CD4 + and CD8 + in Low dose and Mid dose groups had significant difference and ALI model, high dose hadn’t when they were compared with control group. (2) Lycopene increased the phagocytic function of PAMs significantly at h 1(P

The morphology and distribution of pre-B cells and the changes of antigens during the differentiation from pre-B to B cells in fetal livers of different gestational ages were studied by means of immunohistochemical technique. The results revealed that at earlyfetal stage(between 9 and 29 weeks), the liver contained numerous pre-B cells, which were different in shapes and sizes, but their phenotypic expression was identical, for instance, 1gM, BA-1, HLA-DR and TdT all appeared positive. Most of pre-B cells were scattered in perisinusoidal space, only a few of them were present in sinusoids or around the blood vessels. After the 13the week, 1gD and 1gA positive cells began to appear, and the number of OKB-2 and Leul4 positive cells was markedly increased subsquently. Meanwhile, the number of the HLA-DR, Kappa and Lambda positive cells was increased accordingly, which indicated that the B cells became more mature. In view of absence of antigenic stimulation, the B cells failed to develop into plasma cells. Moreover, it was observed that the differentiation and maturation of the B cells in the fetal liver seemed to be independent on the T cells, because the B cells continued to generate even if the T cells were absent at early stage of fetal liver. It showed that the differentiation and the development of the B cells in the fetuses were mainly dependent on the liver microenvironment. This study provided an evidence for treatment of aplastic anemia and agammaglobulinemia with fetal liver between 9 and 20 weeks old.

Aim To explore the mechanism of the immune tolerance induced by the auto-islets in the intermingled skin grafting. Methods The mixed epidermal cell and lymphocyte culture (MELC) was established, in which auto-keratinocytes were added to mimic the effect exerted by the auto-islets in vivo. Results Auto-keratinocytes could inhibit the lympho-proliferation induced by alloantigen. Conclusion The immune tolerance induced by auto-islets may be related to the function of auto-keratinocytes as antigen presenting cells.