One case of ectopic twin pregnancy in right fallopian tube after in vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET) was admitted in our hospital.The development was in synchrony and the mainly manifestation was vaginal bleeding after menopause and abdominal pain.After surgery,the patient recovered well.Six cases reported in domestic literature occurred after assisted reproductive technology,including 4 cases after IVF-ET and 2 cases after artificial insemination.Two cases developed synchronously with the main manifestation of menopausal vaginal bleeding and recovered well after treatment.In 4 cases of non-synchronous embryos,after medical or surgical treatment irregular vaginal bleeding occurred,adnexal mass on the other side was found by gynecological ultrasound and blood hCG level increased significantly.Three cases recovered well after drug and/or surgical treatment and 1 case lost follow-up.

Objective:To examine the impact of berberine on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in mice, and to investigate the effects of berberine on the intestinal flora and the intestinal flora on PCOS.Methods:A mouse model of PCOS was established by administering dehydroepiandrosterone in combination with high fat diet, and the mouse model was given a berberine treatment. The study consisted of a blank control group (C group), a PCOS model group (M group) and a berberine treatment group (T group). During the experiment, the mice were closely monitored through timed body weight measurements and estrous cycle monitoring; intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were done. Upon completion of the pharmacological intervention, the wet weights of liver, ovary and fat deposits of mice were assessed and subjected to HE staining to confirm the success of PCOS modeling and the efficacy of berberine. Additionally, fecal samples were analyzed for intestinal flora through 16S rRNA analysis.Results:The PCOS model was established successfully, berberine alleviated the disturbance of estrous cycle in mice, and significantly alleviated fat accumulation and metabolic abnormalities of glucose in mice. The cross-sectional area of fat pad cells in T group was (2 858±146) μm2, which was significantly lower than that in M group [(9 518±347) μm2], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The blood glucose levels in T group were significantly lower than those in M group ( P<0.05). The composition and structure of intestinal flora in mice of M group with PCOS (compared with C group) and in mice of T group after berberine intervention (compared with M group) were significantly altered. However, alpha diversity did not change significantly among three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Berberine could alleviate PCOS by intervening in the alterations of gut microbiota.