Objective To explore the changes of sTfR and Tf in serum in children of acute infection with iron deficiency,and their significance in diagnosing. Methods To detect the level of sTfR, Tf and SF in serum by velocity scatter immune turbidimetry, volunteers were divided into groups as IDAI before and after treatment,IDA and the healthy controlled.While iron in bone marrow was observed by iron staining. Results The sTfR and Tf levels in serum in IDAI and IDA groups were significantly higher than that in the controlled group(P0.05).After the treatment,Hb in IDAI group,though was still abnormal comparing with the controlled group(P0.05) .Conclusions sTfR and Tf in serum were specific and sensitive in diagnosing the iron deficiency, and the results would not change if infected.So they are reliable indexes in diagnosing iron deficiency and monitoring the treating effect in the children of anemia with infection.Therefore the two indexes should be higher valued than SF or Iron in the bone marrow.