Objective To compare the genetic polymorphism of 34 Yersinia pest strains of 3 kinds of ecotypes(Microtus fiscis,Qilian Mountain and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecotype)that isolated from the Sanjiangyuan area in Qinghai Province and Shiqu County in Sichuan Province,in order to know the ecotype relationship among the strains.Methods Thirty-four strains were amplified using the application of random amplified polymorphism DNA(RAPD)and were detected with agaroge gel electmphoresis.Results Amplified products by ngarose gel electrophoresis method showed same stripes in 31 strains,only 3 strains had slight differences.Conclusion The Microtus fuscas,Qilian Mountain and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecotype strains isolated from Sanjiangyuan area are genetically homologous.

Objective To analyze human plague from 2001 to 2011 in Qinghai Province and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods Using the descriptive epidemiological methods,epidemiological field survey data and medical records of each case of human plague were collected from 2001 to 2011 in Qinghai Province.Human plague was judged in accordance with the Plague Diagnostic Criteria (WS 279-2008).Results From 2001 to 2011,human plague was reported 14 times,with incidence of 38 cases,17 dead and death rate was 44.74％ in Qinghai Province.Epidemic areas mainly distributed in the 12 townships of 9 counties.Prevalent season was from May to October,September and October accounted for 57.89％ (22/38).There were cases of Tibetan herders and Han farmers,accounting for 76.32％ (29/38) and 23.68％ (9/38),respectively;onset age from 5 to 67 years,mainly around the age of 20-45 [68.42％ (26/38)].The most prevalent clinical types were pneumonic and septicemic plague and initial case was caused by actively contact with infected plague animals.Conclusions Qinghai human plague is mainly caused by approaching the plague infected animals,human plague in Qinghai Province is on the rise,the risk of long-distance transmission of the plague is significantly increased.

Objective To summarize the epidemiological feature of plague cases oceuwed in China.Methods The epidemiological and clinical data from 1981 to 2006 year in China were analyzed with descriptive study method.Result Nine hundred and seveneteen human plague cases were diagnosed in 9 provinces(regions) from 1981 to 2006 years,105 cases died,the mortality rate being 11.45%,and they distributed in 69 counties (cities or banners).In Qinghai Province 108 cases were diagnosed,the mortality rate was 46.30%(50/108),the cases distributed in 17 counties(cities);137 cans in Guizhou,distributing in 2 counties(cities);517 cases in Yunnan,distributing in 26 counties(cities).Plague cases peaked separately in 1983,1990,1996 and 2000 years,they were 25,75,98 and 254 separately.The principal spreading ways were breathing flying particles,touching,skinning and eating marmot in Qinghai;750 cases were of bubonic plague,among whom 4 cases in Tibet died,the fatality rate was 0.53(4/750);121 cases were of pneumonic prague,among whom 65 cases died,was accounting for 53.72%(65/121);31 cases were of septieaemic plague,and 30 cases died(one cases was cured in Inner Mongolia),accounting for 96.77%(30/31).Others were brain plague,intestinal plague,tonsil plague and plague cellulites,which were cured.Conclusion From 1990,human plague epidemical scope and intensity is enlarging continuously compared with 1980-1990 and there is a trend of going up gradually in China.

Objective To study on epidemiologic characteristics of human plague cases in Sanjiangyuan Area,and provide theoretical basis to work out the preventive measures.Methods Based upon the epidemiology information from the human plague case data bank of Qinghai Province,human plague data were analyzed retrospectively in Sanjiangyun Area by sorting,verifying and summing up of these data,including some of case file and monitoring data.Results Except for 12 years in the period of 1960 to 2006,there were human plague cases happened every year.The morbidity occurred mainly in 12 counties of 4 states,including Yushu,Guolou,Huangnan and Hainan,and Tanggula Town of Geermu City,a total of 85 human plague episodes were occurred,resulting 238 onsets,134 deaths,and a matality rate of 56.30%.The sources of infection were respectively Himalayan mormot 27.31%(65/238),artiodactyls 14.71%(32/238),carnivora 2.10%(5/238),Lagomorpha 0.42%(1/238),the pneumonic plague patient 49.16%(117/238),and biting of flea 6.30%(15/238).The prevalent season was from May all the way to November,the peak-months were August and September.After October,the sheep as the source of infection initiating human being plague accounted for 23.53%.Among the clinical types,the most prevalent type was pneumonic type(61.34%),and the rest,glandular type(17.23%),septic type(16.81%)and other types(4.62%),but the first plague case in each epidemic was mainly the glandular plague.Conclusions In recent years,the tendency of human plague prevalence increases in Sanjiangyuan Area,it is urgent to improve and adjust the prevention and treatment measures in time.

Adult ; Aged ; Amiodarone ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Heart Atria ; Heart Valves ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide on multiple myeloma (MM) cell gene expression and explore the molecular mechanism of arsenic trioxide therapy for MM.

METHODSU266 cells were divided into two groups, group A as control group and group B as test group. Cells were cultured for 48 hours, and total RNA and mRNA were extracted. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSHs) was performed to distinguish the differentially expressed genes. The products were cloned into pGEM-T Easy Vector, and transfected into the competent host JM109 to construct two subtractive libraries. Positive colonies were selected by blue-white screening, and the plasmids were extracted. Homologous comparison was conducted in GenBank.

RESULTSFive downregulated clones were isolated in the first SSH: (1) Aminopeptidase N, (2) Homosapiens tumor translationally-controlled protein 1, (3) Human ATP synthetase A chain, (4) Signal recognition particle A10, (5) Mitochondrial ATP synthetase/ATPase subunit 6. Four upregulated clones were isolated in the second SSH: (1) Calcium-binding protein A10, (2) Keratin 6A, (3) 45 kD MIP repetitive element containing splicing factor and (4) poly(A)-binding protein.

CONCLUSIONSArsenic trioxide exerts proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction on MM cells by regulating genes expression.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; genetics ; pathology ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Transformation, Bacterial

OBJECTIVETo observe postoperative glucose tolerance, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) , and glucogan-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in normal glucose level dogs after undergoing gastric bypass procedures, and to explore the mechanism of gastric bypass procedures to treat type 2 diabetes.

METHODSThe 6 dogs with normal glucose tolerance had undergone gastric bypass procedures, and measure preoperative and postoperative oral and intravenous glucose tolerance (at time points 1, 2, and 4 weeks) through changes in blood glucose, insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and measure preoperative and postoperative week 4 pancreatic tissue morphology.

RESULTSSecond weeks after operation, the fasting blood sugar was (3.58 ± 0.33) mmol/L, and significantly lower than preoperative (t = 3.571, P < 0.05). The GLP-1 level before oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 30 minutes after OGTT were (0.90 ± 0.21) and (0.91 ± 0.19) pmol/L respectively, and significantly higher than preoperative (t value were -3.660 and -2.971, P < 0.05). GLP-1 levels began to decrease in the second week after surgery. After 4 weeks, the index recovered to the preoperative level. Four weeks after surgery when compared with preoperative, islet morphology, islet number (6.8 ± 0.8 and 7.1 ± 0.8 respectively) and islet cells (16.7 ± 2.5 and 16.3 ± 3.1 respectively) did not change significantly (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGastric bypass procedures could be briefly affect normal glucose tolerance in dogs' blood glucose, insulin and diabetes-related gastrointestinal hormones.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Dogs ; Gastric Bypass ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ; Glucagon ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; blood ; Glucose ; Insulin ; blood

Objective To compare the effect of different ways of nursing that might relieve the complications related with eventuation after gynecologic celioscope operation. Methods 207 patients after gynecologic operation were selected and divided randomly into: massage group, instrument group, and ordinary group. Each group consists of 69 cases. For massage group, artificial massages at the points were given to the patients. For instrument group, microwave devices were used to heal the patients. And for ordinary group, regular cares of post-operation were conducted. We observed and compared the effects of the three methods, including relieving pains irrelevant to incision, preventing nausea and vomit, facilitating gastrointestinal tract recovery, and promoting emiction, etc. Results The degrees of shoulder pains, nausea and vomit, and the duration thereof, in the ordinary group were more serious than that of the massage group and the instrument group with a statistical significance ( P < 0.01 ). The average time for first emiction of the patients in the instrument group and the massage group was shorter than the ordinary group. Degree of satisfaction of the patients in the instrument group and the massage group was higher than the ordinary group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions Adopting the point-massage, microwave and relevant physiotherapy after gynecologic celioscope operation can effectively prevent from and relieve the complications of post operation.

Objective To investigate the space structure of plague natural foci in the area of Lantsang, Yellow and Yangtse River in Qinghai Province to provide references for making decisions to eontrol the occurrence of human plague. Methods Data was collected from the survey on natural foci and surveillance of plague from 1954 to 2006 and descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data. Results Marmata hirnalayana and Microtus fuscua natural foci were known in Sanjiangyuan area. Callopsylla dolabris, Oropsylla silantiewi, Citellophilus sparsilis and Amphipsylla tuta were vectors; Microtus fuscus plague natural foci was in a range of about 9500 km2, distributing in Zhenqin Town, Chengduo County. Marmata himalayana plague natural foci distributed over 13 countries, a range nearly 107 000 km2. By the end of 2006, 450 strains of Yersinia pestis were detected and separated from 6 kinds of rodents, 6 kinds of carnivora, 3 kinds of artiodactyls and 9 insects vectors. Between 1960 and 2006, 238 cases and 134 deaths from plague were reported. Most human plague cases occurred in the months from May to November and usually presented as one of three primary forms-bubonic 17.23%(41/238), septicemic 16.81% (40/238), pneumonic 61.34% (146/238) and other types 4.62% (11/238). However, the first epidemic plague case was mainly the glandular plague. Conclusions Date suggested that plague is still a critical public health problem in Sanjiangyuan area, against which countermaeasure needs to be strengthened in the main epidemic areas. More scientific researches on plague should be carried out. Surveillance networks of reporting suspected plague have been established and reduce the number of human plague cases.

OBJECTIVETo study thoracic high resolution CT findings of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients in convalescent period and the relationship between the features with laboratory and pulmonary function results.

METHODSAll the 100 SARS patients who had been discharged from hospital for about 2 months underwent thoracic high resolution CT examinations. Among them, 65 also had laboratory results and 91 underwent examinations of pulmonary function.

RESULTSForty-nine SARS patients (49.0%, 49/100) in convalescent period still had abnormal findings in CT examination. And ground-glass opacification (95.9%, 47/49) and reticular opacification (59.2%, 29/49) were common. There was no significant difference in the level of lymphocytes and CD4 cells among groups divided according to severity of CT findings (P > 0.01). Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco%) of level 2 and 3 were statistically lower than that of level 0 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe features of CT findings of SARS patients in convalescent period are not the same as those of patients in period of apparent manifestation. The high resolution CT can reflect pulmonary diffusing function to some degree.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Convalescence ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods