OR group,moreover the differences were significant(P0.05),however,both genes in the 2 groups′ expression level significantly were lower than that in control group(Pa

Objective:To detect the expression of IDO, iNOS, gp91 NADPH ox releated with IFN-? function following Chlamydia trachomatis lung infection in mice and to investigate the immunological defense mechanism of IFN-?. Methods:A murine model of pneumonia induced by intranasal inoculation of Chlamydia trachomatis,mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) biovar,was used for this study. Chlamydial growth in the lung was assessed by inoculating HeLa 229 cell monolayer with lung homogenates followed by HRP conjugate anti-Chlamydial LPS mAb.The mRNA expressions of IDO, iNOS, gp91 NADPH ox and IFN-? in the lung were determined by RT-PCR on day 7 and 14 postinfection.Results:Chlamydial growth in the lung was observed on day 2 postinfection, peaking at day 7 with subsequent decline in quantity. At day 21 following inoculation, the IFU declined to the baseline. Contrast with the uninfected group, Th1-like cytokine IFN-? underwent a significant increase at day 7 and a decrease on day 14 postinfection. mRNA expression for IDO, iNOS, gp91 NADPH ox was significantly increased in the lungs on day 7 and 14 postinfection, IDO and gp91 mRNA expression was significantly highler at day 7(P

Objective: To investigate the effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the gene expression of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Methods: The healthy human PBMC was cultured with hCG at 37 ℃, 5%CO_2 for 2 hours. The mRNA of harvested cells was isolated. The MIF mRNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR. Results: In a certain range of doses, the mRNA expression of MIF significantly increased following the increase of hCG in a dose depandent manner, and it reached to a peak 1-2 hours after culture, then returned to the minimum level after 8 hours. Conclusion: In a certain range of doses, hCG can increase the mRNA expression of MIF. This effect is correlated with reacting time. It is suggested that hCG may involve in immune response by up-regulating the production of cytokines by PBMC.

The oral administration of bioactive macromolecular drugs such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids represents unprecedented challenges from the drug delivery point of view. One key consideration is how to overcome the gastrointestinal tract absorption barrier. Recent studies suggest that microfold cell (M cell), a kind of specialized antigen-sampling epithelial cell which is characterized by a high endocytic rate and low degradation ability, may play an important role in macromolecule oral absorption. The development of an in vitro M cell coculture system and its modified models greatly advanced the study of M cells and the development of oral delivery system for macromolecular drugs. The special structure, function and formation characteristics, and biomarkers of M cell are summarized in this review. The applications of in vitro M cell models in developing oral delivery system ofbioactive macromolecular drugs are discussed.

Objective To investigate the pathogenic mechanism of Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni) associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome(GBS) and provide strategy for gene modification, the cstⅡ gene from 8 GBS-associated C.jejuni strains were compared with that from 3 GBS-unrelated C.jejuni strains, getting the base and amino acid mutations, the changes of secondary structures and finding the region which may be responsible for the pathogenicity of C.jejuni inducing GBS. Methods Three GBS-associated C.jejuni strains isolated from stools of GBS patients in north China were selected and cultured, which has been confirmed as GBS-associated by animal model. After sequencing the genome of them, the nucleotide sequences of cstⅡ gene were got through sequence alignment. The nucleotide sequences and deduced amini acid sequences of 3 GBS-associated cstⅡ genes were compared with that from 3 GBS-unrelated C.jejuni strains through bioinformatics software, getting the base and amino acid mutations, the changes of secondary structures. Other 5 GBS-associated cstⅡ genes were also aligned to know whether the differences we got above makes sense. In this way the genetic differences between two kinds of C.jejuni strains may be found and speculating the gene region related to the pathogenicity of GBS became possible. Results The cstⅡgene of 3 GBS-associated C.jejuni strains were all composed of 876 base pairs. Compared with GBS-unrelated C.jejuni strains, there were 9 consistent mutation sites in cstⅡ gene of LL and QYT stains, leading to 3 consistent amino acid mutation. The amino acid mutation of 114 and 182 sites in LL and QYT stains existed in other 5 GBS-associated C.jejuni strains. The sole amino acid mutation of ZHX strain -169 site, located near the 182 site. The seventh α-helix(165-180 region)of the secondary structure of the amino acid sequence from GBS-associated strains were shorter than that from GBS-unrelated strains, and the shorter regions were opened to form β-sheet or coli, which also existed in other GBS-related strains in this study.75% of the GBS-associated cstⅡ genes were Asn-51, while 25% of the GBS-associated and all of the GBS-unrelated cstⅡ genes were Thr-51.LL strain showed highly identity to other GBS-unrelated strains in this study. Conclusion The 165-180 segment of secondary structures in cstⅡ gene from local 3 GBS-associated C.jejuni strains are probably the responsible region involved in inducing GBS. The senior structure changes in this region may affect the activity of sialyltransferase and the structures of ganglioside epitope, so that the C.jejuni can acquire the pathogenicity of GBS. This finding may give a clue to genetic modified site. The bi-functional cstⅡ of C.jejuni may be related to the pathogenicity of GBS. The cstⅡ of LL strain to some extent represents the characteristics of Asian strains, which may directs strains monitoring.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of virtual touch tissue quantification(VTQ) for the assessment of chronic allograft nephropathy(CAN).Methods 48 patients with normal renal function and 50 patients with CAN were checked by color Doppler and VTQ technique.All the results were compared　between two groups.Results Mean VTQ-values were significantly different between the two groups( P ＜ 0.05).ROC curve displayed that VTQ value of 2.51 m/s could be used to diagnose CAN,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 76.0％,52.1％,60.3％ and 65.7％,respectively.The diagnostic efficiency was 62.2％.Conclusions Parenchymal stiffness measured by VTQ is stable and repeatable,which can be used to diagnose patients with CAN and to monitor renal function.

Objective To study the prevalence of HIV-1 drug-resistant strains in antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1 infectors,and provide background information for HIV-1 drug resistance survey and clin-ical antiretroviral therapy in Beijing in 2008. Methods Referring to the guidelines for HIV drug resistance threshold survey(HIVDR-TS) of WHO, collecting 60-70 plasma samples of HIV-1 infectors who were detec-ted in 6 months and not more than 25 years,we detected HIV-1 pol genotype and genetic mutations associated with drug resistance,counted the prevalence of drug-resistant strains, and evaluated the prevalent level. Re-Sults Of 61 plasma samples answering for the standards, 50 were successfully sequenced and genotyped pol sequence. The major infection route was homosex, which accounted for 62%. B, CRF01_AE, and CRF07_ BC were major genetic subtype, which accounted for 42%, 28% and 26%, respectively. One Pl-resistant strain was found, the incidence of which was 2% (1/50). One NRTI-resistant strain was found, the inci-dence of which was 2% (1/50). No NRTI-resistant strain was found, the incidence of which was 0. The in-cidence of drug-resistant strains in the protease (PR) region was 2%, and the incidence of reverse tran-scriptase (RT) region was also 2%. Both of the prevalence were classified as low level ( <5% ). Conclu-sion PR, RT-resistant HIV-1 strains were found in drug-naive infectors, and the prevalence was low in Beijing. Current antiretrovirai therapy regiments were still feasible. Most of the AIDS patients did not need to test drug resistance before antiretroviral therapy.

Objective To study ADFR with statin programmed therapy of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.Methods Fifty female rats were randomly allocated into 2 groups:sham operation (S, n =10) and OVX ( n =40) group.After operation for one month,OVX were randomly allocated into 4 groups (each n =10):OVX,statins (T),bisphosphonates (B) and statins+bisphosphonates+calcium+vitamin D (ADFR).After feeding statins or bisphosphonates or ADFR for 100 days,all rats were sacrificed.The effects of T or B or ADFR on bone histomorphology or osteocalcin in sera or deoxypyridoxine in urea were studied.Results The data showed that osteocalcin and deoxypyridine in OVX group were significantly improved compared with S group ( P 0 05) ,in B group was decreased,and in ADFR group was increased compared with OVX group.The histomorphometric date showed that TOS,MOSW,STS/DTS,TBOS,TBSC and iMAR in OVX were significantly increased,and TBV,MLT and ? in OVX were decreased,compared with S group.TBV in B,T and ADFR groups was larger than that in OVX group.TOS,MOSW,TBOS and TBCS in B group were smaller than those in OVX group,? in B group was longer than that in OVX group,TBCS and ? in T group were increased compared with OVX group.Conclusion Statins promote bone turnover,increase osteoblast activity and osteoid production,and reduce the bone construction.Bisphosphonates inhibit bone absorption,while ADFR acelerate bone formation and reduce bone loss,suggesting that polytherapy is preferable to monotherapy.

Objective To determine the genotypes and their epidermiology of microlide, lincosamide and streptogramin B(MLS_B)resistant S.epidermidis isolates causing nosocomial infection.Method 126 isolates were collected from inpatients in three hospitals in Beijing from 2003-2004 for testing the antibiotic susceptibility to the macrolide erythromycin,the lincosamide clindamycin.The resistance phenotypes of erythromycin-resistant isolates were determined by the double-disc test with erythromycin and clindamycin.The presence of the relative genes(ermA,ermB,ermC and msrA)to MLS_B resistance was identified by PCR and the similarity of the isolates was analyzed by PFGE.Result The isolates were mostly resistant to macrolide and lincosamide.In the constitutive phenotype cMLS_B isolates,the methicillin resistant S.epidermidis(MRSE)proportion appeared high(78.5%),whereas high methicillin susceptible S.epidermidis(MSSE)proportion was found in the inducible MLS_B phenotype(iMLS_B) (69.2%).ermC was shown as the most frequent determinant to the resistance,not only in MRSE and MSSE (70.8% and 6.8%),but also in iMLS_B and cMLS_B(76.9% and 90.3%).No specific endemic strain was found by PFGE analysis.The same resistance phenotype pattern was not clustered together and distributed into type A～F at the similarity of 60%.Among the phenotypes(cMLS_B,iMLS_B and MS phenotype),no significant difference was shown in the PFGE genotype distribution.Conclusion Our results indicate that the MLS_B resistance in S.epidermidis causing nosocomial infection is prevalent in the hospital and MLS_B antibiotics should be used iudiciously,ermC was shown as the most frequent determinant to the resistance.

Usage of reverse genetic techniques in the research area of the fundamental etiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), has resolved the issue about the function of viral gene of FMDV on genomic integer level. At present, a further recognition and apprehension for the molecular etiology of FMDV based on the development in reverse genetics was made. Combined with the research work in our labs, we reviewed international advances about the molecular pathogenic mechanism, the relationship be-tween virulence and variation in the genomes, influencing factors for the viral replication, and the develop-ment of new-type gene vaccine of FMD in this article, and propose the potential research aspects in reverse genetics of FMDV in the future.