Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), also known as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), includes stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). This technique has the characteristics of large single fractional dose, few fractions, high equivalent biological doses, and rapid fall off-target doses. It can be implemented by relatively special equipment such as Gamma knife, Cyberknife, Tomotherapy and Vero 4D RT system, etc. In many cases, SBRT technique is employed based on linear accelerators. SRT differs from conventional radiotherapy in terms of the plan design and plan evaluation. Consequently, it is necessary to discuss the differences and provide guidance for clinical application and research.

Objective To investigate the organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits in Shnxi area so as to take preventive measures to minimize food contamination. Methods A total of 140 samples of vegetables and fruits were obtained randomly from the local market in Shnxi area. Eight organophosphorus pesticides were analyzed by gas-chromatographic method. Results The incidence of organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits were 20% and 1.7%, respectively. The mean level of parathion in vegetables and dimethoate in fruits were 6.22?g/kg and 3.02?g/kg, exceeding their MRLs. Conclusion There is a misuse of organophosphorus pesticides in Shnxi area and routine monitoring is necessary to reduce food contamination before entering market.

Objective Pneumoperitoneum is usually the result of hollow visceral perforation and requires emergent laparotomy.However,about 10％ of patients lack a pathologic cause requiring surgical intervention and can be resolved with conservative management.The aim of this study is to discuss the indications for conservative management of pneumoperitoneum in children.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of 5 children with pneumoperitoneum without peritonitis treated in our pediatric surgery department between January 2009 and December 2010.Results There were 5 children with an average age 5.4 years.Radiologic examinations demonstrated pneumoperitoneum and visceral perforations were suspected in the local hospitals.The abdominal examination revealed no peritoneal signs in all patients.Among them,peritoneal aspirations were implemented in 4 patients and the results were negative.One of five patients underwent laparotomy that demonstrated no visceral perforation.The remaining four were successfully managed conservatively and the pneumoperitoneum was completely resolved between 3 and 9 days.All children were without abdominal symptoms and signs throughout at least 2 years follow-up.Conclusion The presence of free intraperitoneal air does not always indicate hollow visceral perforation and the need for emergent laparotomy.It appears that therapeutic effectiveness can be readily achieved with conservative management in children with pneumoperitoneum without peritonitis.

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics in patients with corpus callosum infarction.Methods The clinical data of 416 patients meetingthe diagnosis of cerebral infarction Were collected,in which,8 patients Were confirmed as corpus callosum infarction by MRI.Results Corpus callosum infarction accounted for 1.9% of all patients with cerebral infarction.CT scan did not show the corpus callosum infaretiom in 7 patients.The nonenhanced MRI revealed the lesions.The enhanced MRI revealed the lesion in another patient.The infarction foci were not only involved in the corpus callosum(knee,body or splenium),but also cornplicated with frontal lobe,occipital lobe and thalamus infractions.The clinical manifesta tions of the corpus callosum infarction were different due to the specific lesion sites.The simple infarction in the body of the corpus callosum mainly presented as contralateral paraparesis.atria,and left limb apra.xia;the infarction in the knee of the corpus callosum mainly presented as lower limb paralysis or contralateral paraparesis;the infarction in the splenium of the corpus callosum presented as limb paralysis and dizziness;the lacunar infarct in the corpus callosum had no obvious clinical manifestations.The patients who complicated with frontal lobe and thalamus infarction had behavioral and psychological syrnptonm,including mental retardation,language abnormalities.and incontinence.Conelusions Corpus callosum infarction is not common.MRI is the basis of diagaosis.The clinical manifestation is lack of specificity.and it is agsociated with the location of corpus callosum infarction and whether it comolicates with the infarction on other part.

Objective To discuss the effect of invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in treating traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods A total of 116 patients with TBI (including 112 with severe TBI,3 with moderate TBI and 1 with slight TBI) were monitored by using invasive ICP monitoring device in Tiantan Hospital from July 2003 to December 2007.All patients underwent ICP monitoring within first 24 hours after admission and treated with corresponding therapy including drug therapy and surgical treatment.Results Of all,74 patients survived but 42 with severe TBI died.Of 75 patients with GCS 3-5,33 died,with morbidity rate of 44%.Of 37 patieats with GCS 6-8,nine died,with morbidity rate of 24%.Four patients with GCS 9-15 survived.Conclusions Continuous ICP monitoring can help timely understanding of ICP changes for early diagnosis and correct treatment of TBI and is useful for judgment of prognosis.Low GCS and high ICP are predictors for bad outcome.

Objective To determine the expression of cancer stem cell markers, CD133, CD44 and OCT-4, in small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H82 and confirm the specific markers. Methods NCI-H82 cells were cultured, and the expressions of markers (CD133, CD44 and OCT-4) were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expressions of CD133, CD44 and OCT-4 in 79 tissues with small cell lung cancer. Results In NCI-H82 cells, the florescence was positive in CD133 and CD44 and negative in OCT-4. In the tissues, the expression of CD133 and CD 44 was related with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P< 0.05), while OCT-4 was negative expression. Conclusion CD133 and CD44 might be the cancer stem cell markers of small cell lung cancer, which maybe have clinical significance on diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To study the metabolic characteristic of prostate cancer(PCa) in peripheral zone (PZ) with three-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imaging (3D MRSI),and to evaluate the value of 3D MRSI in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer in PZ. Methods 3D MRSI findings were reviewed in 18 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cases and 21 PCa cases.(Cho+Cre)/Cit and Cho/Cre ratios of PCa and PZ of BPH were retrospectively measured,(Cho+Cre)/Cit and Cho/Cre of PCa voxels were compared with BPH voxels. Results PZ of BPH showed dominant Cit,which was markedly higher than Cho and Cre. Significantly higher choline levels and lower citrate levels were observed in PCa compared with that of BPH. It showed statistically significant difference between (Cho+Cre)/Cit ratios of PCa voxels and BPH voxels,PCa voxels had minimal overlap with BPH voxels. It also showed statistically significant differences between Cho/Cre ratio of PCa voxels and BPH voxels,but there was some overlap between two groups. Conclusion 3D MRSI can be successfully applied to the diagnosis of cancer in the PZ on the basis of the elevation of Cho and the reduction Cit in cancerous tissue compared with that of PZ tissue of BPH.

Objective To investigate the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC) on monocyte chemotactic protein1 (MCP-1) in rejection of cardiac allograft and its mechanisms.Methods Heterotopic cervical heart transplantation was performed by cuff-technique.The SD rat recipients were randomly divided into 3 groups:AR group (Acute rejection,n =12),both the recipients and donors were without any treatment.CsA group(n =12),the recipients were treated with 10 mg/kg cyclosporine A after transplantation.PDTC group(n =12),the recipients were treated with 100 mg/kg PDTC after transplantation.All the cardiac allografts were harvested at different time post transplantation according to requirements.We studied allograft myocardial fibrosis wih the help of Masson stain,immuno-histo-chemistry and western blot also were used to detect the expression of MCP-1.Results The survival time of the cardiac allografts was significantly longer in PDTC group than in acute rejection group and CsA group(P ＜ 0.01),and myocardial fibrosis of cardiac allografts in PDTC group was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01).The IOD in PDTC group was markedly lower than in CsA group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion As the inhibitor of NF-κB,PDTC can significantly relieve rejection of cardiac allograft by inhibiting the expression of MCp-1.

Aim To study the relationship between the vasodilatation effects of daidzein and M-receptor in the endothelial cell, extracellular Ca2+ and intracellular Ca2+.Methods Measurement of isometric force of rabbit thoracic aortae rings was performed. Results Dai(3～100 ?mol?L-1 ) significantly inhibited the contractive response of phenyleohrine dependent on intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ inflow;a shift was produced to the right of the concentration-effect curve of KCl and the maximum response was depressed by Dai(10～100 ?mol?L~ -1 ); Dai(10,30,100 ?mol?L-1 ) enhanced the relaxing effect induced by acetylcholine in a concentration-dependent manner,but the relaxing effect was inhibited after using atropine to block the M-receptor. Conclusion The relaxing effect of Dai was related to the inhibition of the receptor-mediated Ca2+ -influx and Ca2+-release;Dai induced direct relaxing effect by activating the M-receptor in the endothelium and releasing EDRF, which was similar to ACh, and this effect was endothelium-dependent.

Objective To explore the ultrasonic characteristics of cystic adventitial disease (CAD) and to evaluate the value of color Doppler ultrasound in diagnosis of CAD. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the ultrasonograms and other imaging methods of eight patients with CAD conformed by surgery in The first Hospital of China Medical University. Results Five of the eight CAD cases were confirmed by color Doppler ultrasound before surgery, and three were misdiagnosed. All the cases were single, with five in popliteal artery, two in iliofemoral artery, and one in external iliac vein. We divided the cysts into concentric cysts and eccentric cysts according to the cystic shape and the lumen stenosis. Six cases were eccentric cysts, in which two had septations;two cases were concentric cysts, and both had septations. The affected vessel expanded, but its shape did not change and the lumen was compressed. There were three layers of wall between the cyst and the lumen. The peak systolic velocity of the affected lumen increased and the distal end systolic peak velocity decreased when lesion occurred in artery. Distal end lumen reflux were slow when lesion occurred in distal veins. Angiography showed the stenosis of the affected lumen, which was described asscimitar sign. CT showed uniorlocular or multilocular cyst, and the compressed lumen. All of the eight patients underwent the diseased adventitia resected along with excision of the cyst. Conclusions The color Doppler ultrasound can display the location, shape, and internal echo of CAD, and thus it can accurately evaluate luminal stenosis and flow pattern. This is of important clinical significance for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CAD.