By inquiring the medical students under the background of grouping teaching between the mainland students and the oversea Chinese students,we have got something about their attitude toward the credit system.The result will help us to improve the teaching renovation in medical education.The questionnaire including implementing of credit system,standard credit system, grouping teaching,curriculum,tutor system of the undergraduates,the administration of education,and so on.Then we analyze and get the result.

BACKGROUNDGlioblastoma is the most common and lethal cancer of the central nervous system. Global genomic hypomethylation and some CpG island hypermethylation are common hallmarks of these malignancies, but the effects of these methylation abnormalities on glioblastomas are still largely unclear. Methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter is currently an only confirmed molecular predictor of better outcome in temozolomide treatment. To better understand the relationship between CpG island methylation status and patient outcome, this study launched DNA methylation profiles for thirty-three primary glioblastomas (pGBMs) and nine secondary glioblastomas (sGBMs) with the expectation to identify valuable prognostic and therapeutic targets.

METHODSWe evaluated the methylation status of testis derived transcript (TES) gene promoter by microarray analysis of glioblastomas and the prognostic value for TES methylation in the clinical outcome of pGBM patients. Significance analysis of microarrays was used for genes significantly differently methylated between 33 pGBM and nine sGBM. Survival curves were calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences between curves were assessed using the log-rank test. Then, we treated glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and U251) with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidines (5-aza-dC) and detected cell biological behaviors.

RESULTSMicroarray data analysis identified TES promoter was hypermethylated in pGBMs compared with sGBMs (P < 0.05). Survival curves from the Kaplan-Meier method analysis revealed that the patients with TES hypermethylation had a short overall survival (P < 0.05). This abnormality is also confirmed in glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and U251). Treating these cells with 5-aza-dC released TES protein expression resulted in significant inhibition of cell growth (P = 0.013).

CONCLUSIONSHypermethylation of TES gene promoter highly correlated with worse outcome in pGBM patients. TES might represent a valuable prognostic marker for glioblastoma.

Azacitidine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Brain Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Glioblastoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; LIM Domain Proteins ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the antitumor effect of peri-tumor implantation of delayed-release 5-fluorouracil implants on xenograft colorectal tumor in mice.

METHODSFifty tumor-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group A and B were treated with peri-tumor implantation of 5-fluorouracil implants and the dose of 5-fluorouracil was 200 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Group C and D were treated with peri-tumor injection of 5-fluorouracil solution and the dose of 5-fluorouracil was 200 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Group E did not receive any treatment. A growth curve was plotted for changes in tumor volume, the weight of the tumor was measured and tumor inhibition rate was calculated.

RESULTSThe growth curve was mild in group A and B and steep in group C, D and E. There were statistical differences in tumor volume between groups A and B and other groups and there were no statistical differences in tumor volume among group C, D and E. After 12 days, tumor inhibition rate was 72% in group A, 51% in group B, 8% in group C, and 5% in group C. There were statistical differences in inhibition rate between group A, B and C, D (P<0.05). The weight changes before and after the treatment among the 5 groups were not statistically different. During the study, 1 mouse in group A died, 4 in group C and 1 in group D.

CONCLUSIONDelayed-release 5-fluorouracil implants can effectively inhibit tumor growth.

Animals ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver, Artificial ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasma Exchange

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Yellow Fever ; epidemiology ; Yellow fever virus ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effect of ginsenosides (GS) or low dose of glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) alone or combined in managing the liver injury and renal function after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).

METHODS120 patients with primary liver carcinoma were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C, D) with 30 patients in each. Group A was treated with placebo; group B with Dex; group C with GS and group D with Dex plus GS. The changes in liver and renal function after TACE were observe according to the WHO criteria for side effects of anti-cancer drug.

RESULTSCompared with group A, Dex combined with GS was able to reduce the level of TB, ALT/AST, BUN and Child-grade, which significantly protected the liver and kidney (P < 0. 05). However, Dex or GS alone could also improve some parameters of liver and renal function after TACE (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDex combined with GS is effective in managing the liver injury and renal function after transcatheter arterial

Adult ; Aged ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; adverse effects ; methods ; Creatinine ; blood ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Epirubicin ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Glucocorticoids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Iodized Oil ; administration & dosage ; Kidney ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Liver Diseases ; etiology ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Topotecan ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo develop an effective and feasible method to construct three-dimensional finite element model of the whole edentulous maxilla and cranial skeleton.

METHODSBased on three-dimensional computer aided design model which was constructed by multi-slices helical CT scanning data of a male's head in specialized software, three-dimensional finite element model of edentulous maxillary and cranial skeleton was established; the stresses distribution in maxilla was investigated under occlusal load with computer simulated a complete overdenture.

RESULTSThe three-dimensional finite element model of edentulous maxilla and cranial skeleton had favorite similarity in geometry, the distributions of stresses in maxilla and the wall of maxillary sinus could be clearly observed.

CONCLUSIONSThe study verifies that this three-dimensional finite element modeling method is feasible and effective.

Aged ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Jaw, Edentulous ; Male ; Maxilla ; anatomy & histology ; Models, Anatomic ; Skull ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the functional reconstruction technique for partial lower lip defects.

METHODS7 patients with lower lip cancer (3 cases of basal cell carcinoma, 2 cases squamous cell carcinoma and 2 cases papillary carcinoma) underwent excision. The full-thickness lower lip defects were one-third to two-third of the total lower lip length. All the defects were reconstructed with V-Y island advancement flaps based on the mental neurovascular bundle.

RESULTSThere was no flap loss. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up period of 3 months to one year. Both the aesthetic appearance, muscle function and sensation of the reconstructed lower lip were satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSMental neurovascular V-Y island advancement flap is an ideal method for functional repair of partial lower lip defect.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; surgery ; Chin ; innervation ; Female ; Humans ; Lip ; injuries ; Lip Neoplasms ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply

Objective To construct luciferase reporter vector containing full-length high-mobility group box 1 ( HMGB1, GenBank NM-010439) promoter for the screening of medicine. Methods The full-length HMGB1 promoter was amplified by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) , and then was inserted into GV238 vector to construct plasmid GV238-HMGB1-P-Luc. GV238-HMGB1-P-Luc combined with internal reference plasmid pRL was co-transfected into Hela cells ( GV238-HMGB1-P-Luc group, which served as positive control group) . Plasmid pGL3-basic combined with pRL was co-transfected into Hela cells (pGL3-basic group, which served as negative control group) . Additionally, lipopolysaccharides ( LPS, 0.2 μg/mL) was used as the activator for the positive control group (LPS group), and then sodium butyrate (SB, 10 mmol/L) was used as the inhibitor for LPS group ( SB group) . At the end of experiment hour 24, luciferase activity was detected. Results The results of digestion, amplification, sequencing and identification showed that the full length of HMGB1 promoter was 2 140 bp, and the DNA sequence was correct, without mutation. Luciferase activity in GV238-HMGB1-P-Luc group was increased as compared with that of the pGL3-basic group ( P<0.05) . Luciferase activity in the LPS group was increased ( P<0.01, compared with that of GV238-HMGB1-P-Luc group) , and then was decreased after the administration of SB ( P<0.01, compared with that of the LPS group) . Conclusion A model of luciferase reporter vector containing HMGB1 promoter has been successfully constructed. Its activity can be increased by LPS, and then is in hibited by SB. The model can be used for further screening of medicine with the activities of regulating HMGB1 promoter.

Background and Objective Increased transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) has been shown to contribute toinitiation and maintenance of ventricular arrhythmia in long QT syndromes(LQTS).Intercellular uncoupling through gap junctions isan important mechanism for maintaining TDR in both intact and diseased heart.The present study was to test the hypothesis thatimproving gap junction communication reduces TDR and prevents ventricular arrhythmia in rabbit LQT2 model.Methods Anarterially perfused rabbit left ventricular preparation and E-403 (0.5μmol/L)were used to establish a model of LQT2.Preparationswere randomly assigned to control(n=10),AAP-100nmol/L(n=10),AAP-500nM(n=10)groups.Transmural ECG as well as actionpotentials from both endocardium and epieardium was simultaneously recorded. Resuits In LQT2 model.presence of 500nmol/LAAP10 reduced endocardial action potential and TDR and prevented ventricular arrhythmia comparing with the control and AAP 100nmol/Lgroups(P＜0.05).Conclusions The presence of 500 nmol/LAAP10 reduces TDR and prevents ventricular arrhythmia in rabbitventricular model of LOT2.This study suggests a possible role of GJs in TDR in rabbit LQT2 model and indicates a new clinicalapproach to the management of LQTS.