This study aimed at investigating the drug preparation of precise powder decoction pieces (PPDP) system,Fallopia multiflora radix preparata (FMRP) was employed in this study.Different specifications of PPDP were prepared,their extract rates were in contrast with the original pieces.Compared the quality uniformity of three batches between FMRP original slices and its PPDP extraction,the similarity of the chemical fingerprints was evaluated,and the contents of common peaks and quality uniformity were compared by relative peak areas.ITS2 sequence was taken as a DNA barcode to identify F.multiflora radix (FMR).As a result,the extract rate of PPDP was 2.5 times as much as the original slices.The average content of stilbene glucoside from the three original slices and the PPDP extraction were 3.56 ± 2.61 and 13.23 ± 0.37 mg·g-1,respectively;while the RSD were 73.28％ and 2.82％.The similarity of the fingerprints of the PPDP extraction was almost the same as that of the original slices,but the content and the uniformity of the common peaks of the PPDP extraction were significantly improved.Thus,FMR was accurately identified using ITS2 sequences.It was concluded that the PPDP considerably improve the decocting rate and quality uniformity,indicating that PPDP could save resources and improve the clinical efficacy.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of cerebral perfusion SPECT/CT combined with brain MRI in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Methods A total of 107 cases with ischemic cerebrovascular disease from August 2011 to August 2013 (71 males,36 females,age:33-84years) were retrospectively studied,including 31 cases with transient ischemic attack,40 cases with the first onset of cerebral infarction,36 cases with recurrent cerebral infarction.99Tcm-ECD SPECT/CT and brain MRI were performed within 7 d after attack.The interval between the two scans was within 5 d.The number of lesions and detection rate by SPECT/CT,SPECT,MRI,CT,and their combination were calculated respectively,and analyzed using x2 test.Results The detection rate was:SPECT/CT+MRI (97.20％,104/107)=SPECT+MRI (97.2％,104/107) ＞SPECT/CT (95.33％,102/107)＞SPECT (90.65％,97/107) ＞MRI (85.05％,91/107)＞CT (65.42％,70/107).No statistically significant difference was observed between the detection rate of SPECT/CT+MRI and SPECT+MRI,SPECT/CT (x2 =0.17,0.13;both P＞0.05),while there was statistically significant difference between SPECT/CT+MRI and SPECT,MRI,or CT (x2 =4.01,9.76,35.50;all P＜0.05).SPECT/CT detected more ischemic lesions located in brain gray matter and revealed crossed cerebellar diaschisis,while MRI was better for detecting small lacunar lesions in basal ganglia,brainstem and deep white matter.Conclusions SPECT/CT is valuable for the detection of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.hnproved assessment may be achieved by the combination of SPECT/CT and MRI.

Objective To detect the impact of reactive oxygen species ( ROS) on mitochondrial morphology and distri-bution during mitosis.Methods A viral vector in which the fluorescence gene was specifically under the control of mito-chondrial promoter was constructed and confirmed through DNA sequencing and Western blotting.After transfecting HeLa s3 cell with packaged virus, the HeLa s3-COX4tp-EGFP cell line stably expressing the mitochondrial fluorescence signal was obtained.With immunofluorescent staining, the impact of ROS on the morphology and distribution of mitochondria dur-ing mitosis was inspected.Result The cell line constantly expressing mitochondrial fluorescence signals was successfully constructed.Meanwhile,it was found that H2 O2 treatment could significantly change the morphology and distribution of mi-tochondria during mitosis by confocal microscopy.Conclusion Our study demonstrates that ROS can affect the morphology and distribution of mitochondria during mitosis.This research help study the relationship between the mitochondrial function and the regulation of mitosis in the future.

Objective To study the prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy and the quasi-latent Keshan disease in villages of non-endemic areas of six Keshan disease endemic provinces in China,and to provide reference values for proposing a elimination standard of keshan disease.Methods County,township and village was selected as the study area by using multi-stage sampling in non-Keshan disease areas of Sichuan,Shanxi,Henan,Shandong and in Keshan disease areas of Chongqing and Yunnan.In each county two townships were selected and in each township one village was chosen.The residents of the villages sampled were surveyed by questionnaire,physical examination,electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac echocardiography.Suspected dilated cardiomyopathy patients had chest X-ray.Dilated cardiomyopathy patients were diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by 2006 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology (WHO/ISFC).Results The number of investigated villages was 126 and 54 139 people were surveyed by questionnaire and clinical examination.Ten patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were found,the prevalence was 18.47/100 000(10/54 139),and its 95％ confidence interval was 18.11/100 000-18.84/100 000.A total of 197 patients with quasi-latent Keshan disease were found,the prevalence was 363.88/100 000 (197/54 139),and its 95％ confidence interval was 362.27/100 000-365.49/ 100 000.The prevalence of male quasi-latent Keshan disease was 353.34/100 000(83/23 490) and of female was 372.07/100 000(114/30 639).The number of subjects with normal and abnormal ECG was 45 222 and 8917,respectively,and the rate of abnormal ECG was 16.47％.The highest rate of abnormal ECG was 38.28％ (1585/4141) in Chongqing.The lowest rate of abnormal ECG was 8.10％ (1175/14 507) in Yunnan.The highest detection rate of T wave and ST segment changes was 4.67％ (2528/54 139).In abnormal ECG indices,the detection rate of Henan,Shandong and Chongqing was higher,and all of them were higher than 10.0％.Conclusions We suggest that the reference baselines of dilated cardiomyopathy and quasi-latent Keshan disease in Keshan disease areas of the six provinces in the south of China be 18.47/100 000 and 363.88/100 000,respectively.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the causes of misdiagnosis in patients with familial nasal bleeding and to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. METHOD: The clinical characteristics of 7 families with nose blood were analyzed retrospectively and 2 typical cases were reported, including their treatment and misdiagnosis in consulting, out-patient and in-patient. RESULT: Typical case 1 was misdiagnosed and mistreated for 42 years, misdiagnosed as blood disease so that the patient was biopsied in bone marrow, misdiagnosed as endometriosis so that the patient was performed uterus resection. Typical case 2 was misdiagnosed and mistreated for 17 years, misdiagnosed as upper digestive tract hemorrhage so that the patient was performed endoscopic sleeve ligation, misdiagnosed as inferior turbinate hemangioma so that the patient was performed nasal endoscopic surgery. CONCLUSION Neglect of family history and the typical signs are the causes of misdiagnosis. So asking about the family history and checking for the typical signs in patients with nose blood can avoid misdiagnosis.
Diagnostic Errors ; Endoscopy ; Epistaxis ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Turbinates

To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of geniposide, genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside and geniposidic acid in rat brains and study the brain pharmacokinetics of the three iridoid glycosides in stroke rat after the oral administration of Xingnaojing. In this experiment, brain samples were precipitated with protein for twice. Acquity BEH C18 column was adopted, with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid-water as the mobile phase for gradient elution. ESI source was adopted for mass spectra; multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was conducted to detect negative ions. The time for sample analysis was 3.5 min. the results showed good linear relations among the three iridoid glycosides, with the extraction recovery between 99.6% and 114.3%, good intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracies and stability in line with the requirements. The t1/2 and MRT in the three components were similar in brains of stroke rats. Geniposide and genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside showed double peaks; where as geniposidic acid showed a single peak. In conclusion, the method is so specific, sensitive, accurate and reliable that it can be used to study the brain pharmacokinetics of Xingnaojing oral preparation.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the expressions of HO-2 and CO in the corpus cavernosum of castrated rats in order to further study the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED).

METHODSWe randomly divided 72 male SD rats into four groups: normal control, sham operation, castration, and castration + ZnPP. We detected intracavernous pressure (ICP) and penile erection in the basic condition and after apomorphine (APO) induction, determined the expression of the HO-2 protein in the corpus cavernosum by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and measured the level of CO by spectrophotometry during different periods of penile erection.

RESULTSThe ICP in the basic condition and that after APO induction and the rate of penile erection were decreased significantly in the castration group ([11.68 ± 0.69] mmHg, [54.81 ± 3.86] mmHg, and 33.3%) and the castration + ZnPP group ([11.20 ± 0.71] mmHg, [41.17 ± 5.41] mmHg, and 22.2%) as compared with the normal control ([22.83 ± 2.66] mmHg, [66.92 ± 7.77] mm-Hg, and 100%) and the sham operation group ([23.35 ±2.22] mmHg, [70.43 ?7. 22] mmHg, and 100%) (all P <0. 01). After APO induction, ICP in the castration + ZnPP group was remarkably reduced in comparison with that in the castration group (P < 0.01), and so was the expression of the HO-2 protein before and during penile erection in the castration (445.4 ± 23.7 and 847.4 ± 35.0) and the castration + ZnPP group (390.1 ± 29.7 and 526.0 ± 52.5) compared with the normal control (512.7 ±57.4 and 1145.2 ± 89.8) and the sham operation group (583.7 ± 8.0 and 1016.3 ± 79.8), the expression of the HO-2 protein significantly decreased in the castration group (445.4 ± 23.7 and 847.4 ± 35.0) (P < 0.05 or 0.01), markedly lower in the castration + ZnPP than in the castration group during penile erection (P < 0.01) but with no significant differences among the four groups after it. Before, during and after penile erection, the levels of CO were remarkably decreased in the castration ([20.59 ± 1.01], [32.53 ± 1.26], and [18.71 ± 1.22] x 10(-7) nmol/L) and the castration +ZnPP group ([12.52 ± 1.05], [21.90 ± 1.02], and [16.56 ± 0.55] x 10(-7) nmol/L) as compared with the normal control ([26.76 ± 1.41], [48.25 ± 1.01], and [27.10 ± 1.58 ] x 10(-7) nmol/L) and the sham operation group ([25.41 ± 2.09], [ 47.90 ± 1.22], and [25.67 ± 1.20] x 10(-7) nmol/L) (P < 0.05 or 0.01), significantly lower in the castration + ZnPP than in the castration group during penile erection (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDecreased expressions of HO-2 and CO may correlate with erectile dysfunction in castrated rats.

Animals ; Apomorphine ; pharmacology ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; Dopamine Agonists ; pharmacology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Chaperones ; metabolism ; Orchiectomy ; Penile Erection ; drug effects ; Penis ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were originally generated from mouse fibroblasts by enforced expression of Yamanaka factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc). The technique was quickly reproduced with human fibroblasts or mesenchymal stem cells. Although having been showed therapeutic potential in animal models of sickle cell anemia and Parkinson's disease, iPS cells generated by viral methods do not suit all the clinical applications. Various non-viral methods have appeared in recent years for application of iPS cells in cell transplantation therapy. These methods mainly include DNA vector-based approaches, transfection of mRNA, and transduction of reprogramming proteins. This review summarized these non-viral methods and compare the advantages, disadvantages, efficiency, and safety of these methods.
Animals ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; physiology ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transfection ; Transgenes

OBJECTIVETo study the percutaneous lag screw internal fixation of LX technique for sacroiliac joint diseases or injuries.

METHODSThere were 38 patients (25 male and 13 female) with an average age of 35.6 years ranged from 18 to 59 years. Among them, thirty-one cases with trauma of Tile B type, five cases with sacroiliitis and two cases with sacral cystis degeneration. There were 11, 15, 5 cases of Tile B1, B2, B3 type respectively. Pelvic anterior-posterior radiography and spiral computed tomography (CT) were undertaken for all patients. Axis planar, coronal planar, sagittal planar and curve planar of sacral reconstruction of spiral CT images were obtained for every patient. There were 28 cases with delitescence posterior ring injury. All these patients were performed percutaneous lag screw fixation procedures of LX technique under epidural anesthesia. Localization with spiral CT guidance was performed by the radiologist using spiral CT followed by the orthopaedic surgeon. Percutaneous fusion of sacroiliac joint was performed for seven patients who suffered from sacroiliac joint diseases.

RESULTSThe blood loss were from 25 to 70 ml (means 36 ml) during operation. All patients were followed up for 3 to 39 months (means 15.6 months). There were no postoperative complications such as infection, fracture nonunion, iatrogenic injuries of nerve and blood vessel, breakage and slippage of fixtors. According to the evaluation of pelvic injuries, the results of imageology were excellent in 34 cases and good in 4, the results of clinical were excellent in 32 and good in 6.

CONCLUSIONPercutaneous lag screw internal fixation of LX technique minimizes operation injury during a short procedure with few subsequent complications and allows early mobilization of the patients. That is an ideally safe and effetive operation technique for the sacroiliac joint diseases and injuries.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sacroiliac Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Treatment Outcome